孟德尔豌豆杂交实验一

孟德尔豌豆杂交实验一 班级:高一( )班 组别:第( )组 姓名: 评价等级: 第一章 遗传因子的发现 第1节 孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验(一) 【使用说明】 1.用10分钟研读课本P 1--7 内容，完成【课前预习案】; 2.完成预习自测 3.尝试思考和回答【课堂探究案】中的问，遇到的疑难问题用红笔标识出来，以准备课上小组探究、突破。 4.小组长职责:引领小组各层成员按时完成任务，人人达标。 【学习目标】 1.阐明孟德尔的一对相对性状的杂交实验过程及分离规律。 2.理解测交的实质。 3.孟德尔遗传实验的科学和创新思维。 4.运用分离定律解释一些遗传现象。 课前预习案 1.豌豆做遗传实验容易成功的原因: 植物，而且 ，在自然状态下一般都是 。 (1)豌豆是 概念:自花传粉 异花传粉 父本 母本 去雄 (2)豌豆具有易于 。 性状:是指生物体的形态特征和生理特征的总称。如:豌豆茎的高矮。 相对性状:是指一种_____ _的____ __性状的____ _现类型。 如:_______ ___ ___ 。 2.参考图1-2完成孟德尔对一对相对性状进行杂交实验的过程: (1)人工去雄:在花蕾期除去 上未成熟的全部 (防止母本自花受粉)。 (2)套袋隔离:套上纸袋、防止 花粉干扰。 (3)人工授粉:雌蕊成熟时将另一植株(父本)的 撒在去雄蕊的 上。 (4)再套袋隔离:保证杂交得到的种子是 授粉后所结。 3.写出下表中符号的含义，并解析几个概念: 性状分离: 显性性状: 隐性性状: 4.F中出现的性状分离比是 2 5. 简要总结孟德尔对分离现象的解释: real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of (1)遗传因子: 遗传因子 遗传因子 (2)体细胞中，遗传因子 存在，有 、 、 三种情况。 其中，纯合子是: 杂合子是: (3)形成生殖细胞(配子)时 ， 。 (4)受精时，雌雄配子的结合是 。 6.孟德尔用什么方法验证对分离现象解释是否正确,最后预测结果与实验结果是否符合, 【预习自测】 1.用豌豆做遗传实验是孟德尔获得成功的重要原因之一，因为豌豆是( ) ?自花传粉植物 ?异花传粉植物 ?闭花传粉植物 ?具有易于区分的相对性状 ?豌豆花大，易于去雄和人工授粉 ?是单性花，易于进行人工授粉 A(???? B(???? C(??? D(??? 2.下列各对性状中，属于相对性状的是( ) A(狗的长毛和卷毛 B(人的身高和体重 C(鼠的白毛与黑毛 D(豌豆的高茎和蚕豆的矮茎 3.孟德尔的一对相对性状实验中，用纯种高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆作杂交实验时，需要( ) A(以高茎作母本，矮茎作父本 B(以矮茎作母本，高茎作父本 C(对母本去雄，授以父本花粉 D(对父本去雄，授以母本花粉 4.纯种甜玉米和纯种非甜玉米间行种植，收获后发现甜玉米的果穗上结有非甜玉米籽粒，而非 甜玉米的果穗上找不到甜玉米的籽粒，这是因为( ) A(相互混杂 B(甜是显性 C( 非甜是显性 D(相互选择 5.下列几组杂交中，哪组属于纯合子之间的杂交( ) A.DD×Dd B.DD×dd C.Dd×Dd D.Dd×dd 6.假说—演绎法的一般程序是( ) A.观察实验、发现问题—分析问题、提出假设—实验、验证假说—归纳综合、总 结规律 B.个案研究—综合比较—提出假设—归纳结论 C.发现问题、分析问题—提出假设、设计实验—观察实验、验证假说—归纳综合、总 结规律 D.个案研究—发现问题—提出假设—归纳综合 7.下列有关孟德尔提出的遗传因子的说法，不正确的是( ) A(由Dd遗传因子组成的个体是杂合子 B(生物的性状是由单个遗传因子决定的 C(体细胞中遗传因子成对存在 D(配子中只含有每对遗传因子中的一个 课堂探究案 iness risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments withomputer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to buslver cment is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu sik behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Departal risns or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potentisk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluatiocurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the ri-t first and then record, counterbusiness, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credi making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation-ting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resul-onecisiormation, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit dfalse documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false inf evant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identifyreal, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the rel2jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of in its 2015东升高中生物必修2导学案 编制人:叶群珊 审核: 郑志坚 【探究一】对分离现象的解释 (1)写出孟德尔豌豆杂交实验的分析图解(注意遗传图解的正确书写方法)。 (2)写出下列组合的遗传图解 DD×DD DD×Dd Dd×Dd Dd×dd dd×dd (3)亲、子代遗传因子组成的推导思路归纳: ?若后代性状分离比为显性:隐性= 1:1 ，则双亲组合是: ?若后代性状分离比为显性:隐性= ，则双亲组合是: ?若后代只表现显性性状，则双亲组合是: ?若后代只表现隐性性状，则双亲组合是: 例1.两株高果南瓜杂交，后代高果和矮果的比例为3:1，则亲本的遗传因子组成为( ) A.GG×gg B.GG×Gg C.Gg×Gg D.gg×gg 例2(下列叙述中，正确的是 ( ) A. 两个纯合子的后代必是纯合子 B. 两个杂合子的后代必是杂合子 C. 纯合子自交后代都是纯合子 D. 杂合子自交后代都是杂合子 【探究二】对分离现象的解释的验证——写出测交实验的分析图解 【探究三】假说演绎法——请写出假说演绎法的步骤及对应的孟德尔实验步骤 假说演绎法步骤 孟德尔发现遗传规律的演绎过程 提出问题 做出假说 演绎推理 验证假说 得出结论 孟德尔分离定律 , 归纳拓展:不同交配方式的应用 (1)杂交:可用于显隐性性状的判断。 making errors. (I) the orders, directives-ting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resul-ective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decisiont obj(VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit managemen e relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc.real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with th第redit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion ofusiness lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual cn of bu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdictioontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qil9th sph of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 2redit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28tin c rry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations resultoperation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to ca current process operations such as-oval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the appr3页 共4页 (2)自交:?连续自交可提高种群中纯合子的比例;?可用于植物纯合子、杂合子的鉴定。 (3)测交:?验证分离定律;?高等动物纯合子、杂合子的鉴定。 【巩固练习】 1.大豆的白花和紫花为一对相对性状。下列四组杂交实验中，能判定性状显隐性关系的是( ) ? 紫花×紫花?紫花 ? 紫花×紫花?301紫花，110白花 ? 紫花×白花?紫花 ? 紫花×白花?98紫花，107白花 A.?和? B.?和? C.?和? D.?和? 2. 已知豌豆的高茎对矮茎是显性，欲知一株高茎豌豆的遗传因子组成，最简便的办法是( ) A.让它与另一株纯种高茎豌豆杂交 B.让它与另一株杂种高茎豌豆杂交 C.让它与另一株矮茎豌豆杂交 D.让它进行自花授粉 3. 牛的无角性状对有角性状为显性。有角母牛和无角公牛交配，生了一头有角小牛，则无角公牛的遗传因子组成是( ) A.bb B.BB C.Bb D.Bb或bb 4. 关于测交意义的说法，正确的是( ) A(通过测交可以获得优良性状的新品种 B(通过测交可以测定被测个体的遗传因子组合 C(通过测交得到的后代都能稳定遗传 D(通过测交得到的后代的性状表现相同 5.下图为豌豆的一对相对性状遗传实验过程图解，请仔细读 图后回答下列问题: (1)在该实验的亲本中，父本是 ，母本 是 。 (2)操作?叫 ，为了确保杂交实验成功，?的 操作应注意，时间上 ;操作? 叫 ，此处理后必需用纸袋对母本进 行 。其目的是 。 (3)红花(A)对白花(a)为显性，则杂种种子种下去后，长出的豌豆植株开的花为 色。 (4)若P皆为纯合体，让F进行自交，F性状中红花与白花之比为 ，F的遗传因子组122成有 ，且比值为 。生物体的这种现象称作 。 6.观察南瓜果实的颜色遗传图解，据图回答问题: (1)果实的黄色和白色是一对相对性状吗,_________。 判断的依据是_______________________________。 (2)果实的颜色中属于显性性状的是________，判断依据是 __________________________________________。 (3)F中出现黄果和白果，属于性状分离吗,________。判断依据1 是______________________________。 (4)假如F中一株白果南瓜植株自交结了4个南瓜，颜色情况是__________，判断依据是1 __________ _____。 【参考答案】 in itsiness risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments withomputer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to buslver cment is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu sik behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Departal risns or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potentisk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluatiocurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the ri-t first and then record, counterbusiness, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credi making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation-ting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resul-onecisiormation, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit dfalse documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false inf evant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identifyreal, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the rel4jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 2015东升高中生物必修2导学案 编制人:叶群珊 审核: 郑志坚 课前预习案 1.(1)自花传粉 闭花受粉 纯种 (2)区分的性状 生物 相同 不同 茎的高度、种子的形状(子叶的颜色、花的位置等) 2.(1)母本 雄蕊 (2)外来 (3) 花粉 雌蕊柱头 (4) 人工 ×3.符号含义:P——亲本 F——子一代 F——子二代 X ——杂交 ?自交 12 性状分离:在杂种后代中，同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象。 显性性状: F中显现出来的性状。 1 隐性性状: 未显现出来的性状。 4.高茎:矮茎= 3:1 5.?显性 隐性 ?成对 DD Dd dd 纯合子:DD dd 杂合子:Dd ?成对的遗传因子彼此分离，分别进入不同的配子中。 ?随机 6.测交 符合 【预习自测】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 课堂探究案 【探究一】(1)写出孟德尔豌豆杂交实验的分析图解 (2)(依据上图遗传图解，注意书写规范，答案略) (3)? Dd×dd ?3:1 Dd×Dd ?DD×DD DD×Dd DD×dd ?dd×dd 例1. C 例2(C 【探究二】对分离现象的解释的验证 【探究三】假说演绎法——请写出假说演绎法的步骤及对应的孟德尔实验步骤 假说演绎法步骤 孟德尔发现遗传规律的演绎过程 提出问题 孟德尔通过七对相对性状的实验提出问题，为什么F只有一种性1 oval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the apprmaking errors. (I) the orders, directives-ting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resul-ective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decisiont obj(VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit managemen e relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc.real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with th第redit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion ofusiness lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual cn of bu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdictioontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qil9th sph of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 2redit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28tin c rry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations resultoperation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to ca current process operations such as-5页 共4页 状而F却有两种性状且比例为3:1呢, 2 做出假说 即孟德尔的对分离现象进行的四个解释. 演绎推理 如果上述假说是正确的，那么F1与隐性个体杂交(即测交)，后 代有两种表现型且比例为1:1。 验证假说 进行测交实验,观察后代的表现型及比例。实验结果与推理的结果 完全一致。 得出结论 孟德尔分离定律 【巩固练习】 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.【解析】(1)在豌豆杂交实验中，父本矮茎植株是提供花粉的植株，母本即高茎植株是接受花粉的植株。 (2)根据图示可知操作?是去雄，?是传粉;豌豆是自花传粉、闭花受粉植物，为确保杂交实验成功，应要在花药未成熟之前进行，其动作要轻、要干净、彻底去掉雄蕊，操作后还要套上纸袋，防止外来花粉干扰实验。 (3)已知红花A对白花(a)为显性，则杂种种子(Aa)播种下去后，只表现显性性状，长出的豌豆植株开红花。 (4)若亲本都是纯合子，则F1为杂合子(Aa),F1自交，F2会出现性状分离，分离比为显性:隐性=3:1，F2代的基因型比例为AA:Aa: aa=1:2:1，所以F2高茎和矮茎之比为3:1， 【答案】(1)矮茎豌豆 高茎豌豆 (2)去雄 要在花粉未成熟之前进行 授粉 套袋 防止外来花粉干扰实验 (3)红花 (4)3:1 AA:Aa: aa 1:2:1 性状分离 6. (1)是 黄色与白色属于同一种生物的同一性状的不同表现类型 (2)白色 F中的白果自交出现了性状分离 1 (3)不属于 性状分离应是杂种自交出现的，而F出现的黄果和白果是一对相对性状杂交得到1 的 (4)各种情况均有 在果实数量比较少的情况下，不一定符合白?黄,3?1 lver cment is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu sik behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Departal risns or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potentisk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluatiocurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the ri-t first and then record, counterbusiness, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credi making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation-ting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resul-onecisiormation, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit dfalse documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false inf evant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identifyreal, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the rel6jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of in itsiness risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments withomputer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to bus