Grammar复合不定代词

Grammar复合不定代词 1、some 和any some 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，示“一些…….”,但是二者在 用法上还是有一定的区别的。 2、some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。 David has some friends in shanghai. May I have some chicken? Would you like some noodles? 3、 any一般用于否定句和疑问句中 Mary hasn’t got any pens. 玛丽没有钢笔。 (1) It’s polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend. A. little B. any C. some (2) There isn’t water in the glass. Let’s go and get some. A. many B. lots C. any D. some 4、复合不定代词高频考点 1) I saw nobody. 2)There is not anybody in the room. 3)Is there anything on the bookcase? 复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。 4)一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。 5)复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式 Somebody wants to see you. 6)形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面 Do you have anything important to tell us? above 在上方，两者不接触 below Above on over on 在...上面，两者接触 beneath over “在....正上方”表示两者under 垂直，但不接触，也可指 “笼罩或者覆盖在上面” Below beneath under Between among The moon is now __________ the trees. The books are _________ the table. There is a bridge ____________ the river. 6.It’s always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.(P10) It’s +adj+for sb to do sth...对于某人来说做某事是..... It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语... 7. A week later....(P12) 一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。 表将来的一段时间之后_________________________ 8. 表花费: sb. spend(s) / spent … on sth. sb. spend(s) / spent … (in) doing sth. sb. pay(s)/ paid…for sth. sth. cost(s) sb. … it takes / took sb. … to do sth. 注意各句型中主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式 I spend ten yuan (in) buying this book. = I spend ten yuan on this book. =This book costs me ten yuan. = It takes me ten yuan to buy this book. 9. An encyclopaedia often consists of a numer of books. These books are called volumes.(P14) a number of & a lot of许多(P14) a number of + 可数名词复数 a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 - 3 - Eg. A lot of people were queuing for the film. 许多人排队等著看那部电影.(可用a number of代替) I haven't got a lot of time.我时间不多了.(不可用a number of 代替) 注:短语the number of… (……的数目) 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如: The number of the students in our school is 900. 我们学校的学生数目是900。 10. as +adj/adv(原级)+as 和…一样…… 1. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. 2. Others were as big as ten elephants.(P3) 3. I am as tall as my sister.我和姐姐一样高。(tall,形容词) 4. He works as hard as me. 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词) 5. She sings as well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词) 6. He draws as carefully as his elder brother.他画画画得和他哥哥一样仔细认真。 1、as +形容词、副词(原级)as.... 2、as 之后跟形容词的情况，如下: 1) 在as ... as 之前是be 动词，第一个as之后 2) 在感官动词之后:look, feel, smell, sound, taste 3) 在下列动词后:remain, keep, seem... 3、在其它行为动词之后，第一个as 之后必须跟副词的情况: 除以上1)、2)、3)所列动词的其他行为动词 not as/so + adj/adv(原级)+as 不如……一样 He is not as tall as me. He is not so tall as me. = He is shorter than me. - 3 - 1 = I am taller than he. 11. Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look for more information on a similar subject..(P14) look for & find & find out look for强调"找"的动作和过程。如: I'm looking for my book. 我正在找我的。 find强调"找"的结果，即"找"到还是没"找"到。 如:I look for my book everywhere, but I can't find it. 我到处找我的书, 但没找到。 find out表示"查出, 努力查找"。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如: The teacher tries to find out who is not in the classroom. 老师试着查出谁没在教室。 similar =the same 1. Many shoes nowadays are made of plastic or similar stuff. 如今，许多鞋子是用塑料或类似的材料制成的。 2. A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects. 猫和虎在很多方面相似。 3. These two signatures are very similar, can you tell them apart? 这两处签名非常接近，你能把它们区分开来吗, 4. Similar conditions are to be found in other countries. 在其他国家也会发现同样的情形。 12. It was made in 1964 by John Landy.(P13) 这是一个被动句，谓语 was made 意为“被建造” 英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态: Many people speak English. 主语 谓语动词 宾语 - 5 - 被动语态: English is spoken by many people. 主语 be+动词过去分词 by+主动语态中的主语 13.Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.(P13) Make sb do sth.....have /let 14. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of Big Banana.(P13) Take pictures/take photos of ...... 15. Visitors can climb up to the Big Merino’s head and look at the view through its eyes..(P13) Through 介词，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过 Look through go through 16. Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look for more information on a similar subject..(P14) Information 信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 Advice, music ,work, weather, fun............. 17. at the end of ........在......的末尾，在......的尽头(P4) There is a park at the end of the road. In the end 最后 18.When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.(P4) used to do..... 过去常常做某事 否定:didn’t use to........ 19. They were not very good,but they helped me think and dream. Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 - 5 - 1 Help ab with sth...... She often helps me to study English. =She often helps me with my English. Help oneself to .......... Can’t help doing ..... She can’t help laughing. 20. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. 类别 作 用 例 句 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ as while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的The runners started as the gun went 动作或事情同时 或几乎同时发生。 off.(几乎同时) It was raining when we arrived.(指时间(at or during the time that )既可以表示 点) 在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间when 内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发When we were at school, we went to the 生也可以先后发生。 library every day.(在一段时间内) Please don’t talk so loud while others are while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段 working. 时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中 while 的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中He fell asleep while / when reading. 的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”) 1.some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。 David has some friends in shanghai. May I have some chicken? Would you like some noodles? 2. any一般用于否定句和疑问句中 Mary hasn’t got any pens. 玛丽没有钢笔。 (1) It’s polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend. A. little B. any C. some (2) There isn’t water in the glass. Let’s go and get some. A. many B. lots C. any D. some - 7 - 五、课文重点句型及短语归纳 重点句型及其用法集萃 1、learn to do sth 学习做某事 2、many +复数名词 许多…… 3、as+形容词、副词的原级+as 与...一样... 4、used to do sth 过去常常做某事 5、help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事 6、remember to do sth 记着要去做某事 7、so much+不可数名词如此多的…… 8、It is +形容词+to do sth 做某事是……的 9、一段时间+later ……之后 10、make sb do sth使某人做某事 11、a number of +名词复数 许多…… 12、learn about 了解 1. Look it up! 查阅一下。 ?look up意为“查阅;查询”强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。如: We can look up new words in a dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新的单词. 拓展:与look 相关的短语: look around 向周围看 look out 向外看;当心 look like 看起来像 look the same 看起来相同 look forward to 盼望 This morning I some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up 2. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达. 芬奇出生在农村。 ?be born意为“出生”.其后可接地点或时间状语，接地点用in，接时间用on或in(具体某一天用on;出生于某年某月用in)如: Tom was born in Guangzhou on 14 July 1999. 汤姆于1999年7月14日出生于广州。 ?in the countryside 意为“在乡村，在农村”。如: When he was a child, he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.他小时候和祖父母一起居住在乡下。 3. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. 从很小的时候起，他就显示除了非凡的智慧和艺术才能 ? from an early age 意为“从小起;从幼年起”. - 7 - 1 4. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. 随着年龄的增长，他 学会了很多不同的事情。 ?as在本句中意为“当……时候;随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于 七下unit8语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as 引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边……一边……”之意。如: The boy sang as he walked to school. 这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去. 5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines wanted to find. 例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片. ?for example 意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如:. A lot of European countries are worth visiting, For example, I have been to the UK, France and Switzerland. 很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英 国、法国和瑞士。 ?for example在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如: You should visit Hangzhou. Lingyin Temple, for example, is very famous. 你 应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。 6. Dinosaurs lived on the Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年 ?more than意为“多于;超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如: It will take me more than/ over 2 hours to get to school. 我将要花费2个多 小时去学校。 ?more than的反义词 less than 7. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. 有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。 ?as…as 中间加形容词的原级，表示“和……一样……”的意思，如: Amy is as tall as her sister. 埃米和她姐姐一样高 8. Then, suddenly, they all died out. 后来它们突然全部灭绝了。 ?died out 意为“灭绝，消失”如: How did dinosaurs die out? 恐龙是如何灭绝的。 能力提升 一(根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。 1. Edison was a great i___________ in the world. 2.--How much is the book? --20 d___________. 3. Sall was b____________ in a small town in London. 4.There are two _____________(笔记本)on the desk. - 9 - 二(用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.It is useful _____________(learn)a foreign language. 2.Can you help me __________(carry)the box ,lily? 3.Remember __________(write)to me when you get to Beijing. 4.I need some _______(photo).Do you have any? 5.About two __________(million)people listened to the programme. 三(单项选择 1.Listening is just as ____________as speaking in language learning. A.important B.more important D.the most important C.most important 2.Do you have __________________ to say for our travel? A.else anything B.anything else C.else something D.something else 3.___________ birds died because of pollution. A.Two millions B.Millions of C.Million of D.Two millions of 4.There ___________ still some milk in the fridge. You don’t need to go to the store today. A.am B.is C.are D.be 5.What a fine day!Let’s go ___________ a walk. A.for B.at C.out D.in 6.The poor old man ___________ a week ago. A.dead B.death C.dies D.died 7.Don’t look _____________ the windows in class,We must listen to the teacher carefully. A.out of B.out C.into D.up 8.The PLA man saved three ________ lives in the accident. A.chlidren’s B.children C.child D.child’s - 9 - 1 9.-Do you have _______ pencils? - No ,but I have________pens. A.some,any B.any,some C.some,some D.any,any 10.Nobody ___________ me English .I have to learn it by myself. A.teach B.teaches C.teaching D.to teach 三(完形填空。 Charles Dickens, one of the greatest English writers 1 born in 1812, in one of the small 2 of England. When Dickens was nine years old, the family 3 to London, the capital of England. There was several young children in the family. Their life was hard, so Dickens could not 4 to school. Only until his father was 5 of prison, could Charles go to school. At that time, he was already twelve years old. But he did not finish school. Two years later he began 6 . The future writer often went to the library 7 books. He read 8 . Then Dickens wrote lots of novels all his life. Dickens 9 over a hundred years ago, but people are still reading his books 10 great interest. ( ) 1. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 2. A. town B. towns C. family D. country ( ) 3. A. moves B. moved C. moving D. to move ( ) 4. A. went B. go C. to go D. going ( ) 5. A. out B. at C. off D. up ( ) 6. A. work B. works C. worked D. to work ( ) 7. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 8. A. a lot B. many C. a lot of D. very much ( ) 9. A. died B. die C. dying D. death ( ) 10. A. to B. in C. with D. out