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兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯的作用

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兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯的作用兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯的作用 扬州市宝应县西安丰镇南窑小学 王俊兰 朱庆霞 【内容摘要】:心理学的研究和教学实践表明:采用生动的,适合学生心理发展水平的教学方式,可以成功地培养学生的学习兴趣。而兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯也起了一定的作用。在英语教学特别是在起始阶段,应该在唱中学,在情景中说,在说中熟,在游戏中运用掌握。 【关键词】:英语学习习惯 英语教学 学习兴趣 英语是一门工具学科。要掌握英语,除了需学习一定的语音、词汇、语法知识外,还得练就扎实的听、说 、读、写基本功。换言之,英语学习必...
兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯的作用
兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯的作用 扬州市宝应县西安丰镇南窑小学 王俊兰 朱庆霞 【内容摘要】:心理学的研究和教学实践表明:采用生动的,适合学生心理发展水平的教学方式,可以成功地培养学生的学习兴趣。而兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯也起了一定的作用。在英语教学特别是在起始阶段,应该在唱中学,在情景中说,在说中熟,在游戏中运用掌握。 【关键词】:英语学习习惯 英语教学 学习兴趣 英语是一门工具学科。要掌握英语,除了需学习一定的语音、词汇、语法知识外,还得练就扎实的听、说 、读、写基本功。换言之,英语学习必须通过大量的听、说、读、写训练。从这点出发,可以说,英语学习的 过程也是习惯养成的过程。小学生良好的英语学习习惯主要是指良好的听、说、读、写的习惯。著名教育学家乌申斯基说:“没有任何兴趣,而被迫进行的学习,会扼杀学生掌握知识的意愿。”孔子曰:“知之者,不如好之者,好之者,不如乐之者。”许多心理学家和教育学家都看过这样的感慨。兴趣是学习最好的老师,因此小学阶段的英语教学要根据小学生的思维特点和认识规律、心理特征采用适当的教学手段来激发学生学习兴趣,发挥学生学习主动性,能大胆开口、大声说、讲,并在说讲中获得初步的英语感性知识,以便为有目的地将教学内容融合在说说笑笑、唱唱跳跳、画画玩玩等一系列符合儿童“口味”的游戏式教学活动中,让学生轻松自主精神饱满地参与到学习中来。 在平时的教学中只有激发了学生学习英语的热情,调动了他们学习的积极性,才能使英语课从老师“盼他学”到“他要学”。作为英语老师,对利用英语课堂教学中培养学生学习习惯的重要性有一定的感受。在此,将自己的一些体会和做法介绍如下: professional engineer 1, each equipped with the professional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservation section chiefs and marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1-2 lawn maintenance can grow into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and management, to ensure the lawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weeding and other links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lawn, is a guarantee of normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of flux, coordination of water and soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed pattern, following a number of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the different periods of precipitation is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided into three periods: ? turned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requirements, and is one of the most crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Bush 2-4. ? largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil moisture content has increased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. ? to yellowing of the leaf after this period before the rainy season precipitation, evaporation is greater, 一、良好的听的习惯。 要求:认真听示范发音,听清后再模仿。用心听他人说英语。学习英语是从“听”起步的。“听”是“说 ”的前提,没有“听”,就无从模仿“说”。只有听得清,听得懂,才能说得准,说得好。用心地多听他人说 英语,有助于培养对英语的敏捷反应。因此,培养学生认真听教师或者录音的示范发音,用心听他人说英语是 至关重要的。 九年制义务教育英语学科三年级第一册课本没有出现英语文字,只有五彩缤纷的图片,使学生初学英语时 能集中全部注意力听录音,理解录音内容,进而正确模仿。与教材配套的录音带中有男、女、大人、小孩的不 同音色,其音自然、地道,其景生动、逼真,学生听来饶有兴趣。这十分有助于培养良好的听的习惯。 儿童心理学告诉我们,小学生爱模仿,模仿性强,但缺乏自控能力。课堂上,常有学生一听教师示范发音 ,就急于开口模仿,轻声跟讲,结果导致自身发音欠准,而且还影响了他人听音。因此,在英语起始教学阶段 ,教师就要训练学生静心听,可采用“手势暗示法”,即教师随着示范发音打手势“一、二”,这时学生边听 教师发音,边看教师嘴形,注意观察其大、小、扁、圆及变化情况,做到看明、听清,当手势打“三”时,全 班齐声模仿。这样,发音易到位,模仿效果好。小学生听录音跟说跟读,往往只满足于“听到”,能跟得上说 ,跟得上读,而不注意语音、语调、句重音、停顿等。因此,教师要引导学生“听清”,在播放录音前,可分 步提出听的具体要求, nd is one of the most crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Busnts, a turned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requireme?o three periods: eriods of precipitation is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided intrent ppattern, following a number of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the diffeoordination of water and soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed lux, cawn, is a guarantee of normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of fruning, weeding and other links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lion, pgement, to ensure the lawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilizatn maintenance can grow into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and mana2 law-ion section chiefs and marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1uipped with the professional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservatprofessional engineer 1, each eq2iod before the rainy season precipitation, evaporation is greater, to yellowing of the leaf after this per?sture content has increased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oi largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. -h 2 使听一遍录音,便有一次收获。 英语课堂教学是小学生用英语交际的主要场合。其间,他们有很多听英语的机会。但小学生有意注意较弱 ,维持时间较短,特别是在听同学发言时易走神。教师除了向学生讲明专心听同学发言的好处外,在教学上要 采用生动、形象、活泼、多样的教学方法与手段。特别要避免枯燥操练,开“定向长火车”,要多用“有意点 叫”、个别提问,对活动与集体操练应频繁交替使用。同时在教学内容上设置“牵制性”提问,“逼”学生专 心听他人说英语,不听,就无法参与。如,教师问某生:How old are you?Where are you from?Is yourmoth er a teacher?随即转用第三人称问其他学生:How old is he?Where ishis from?Is his mother a teacher? 又如,请个学生用英语自述,然后让听的学生按此内容相互问答。还可请学生指出发言者哪儿讲错了,该如何 纠正等等。以此引导学生用心听他人说英语。 二、良好的说的习惯。 要求:大胆开口说英语、音量适度、仪表大方。积极参加语言实践活动,大胆开口说英语,是英语学习所 必需的。从心理学、生理学角度来看,三年级学生人小,较之高年级学生心理障碍和怕羞感少。这正是培养大 胆开口讲英语的有利条件之一。九年制义务教育小学英语教材为“说”提供了良好的素材,所选内容均来源于 学生学习及日常生活,为学生所熟悉的。教材具有科学性、趣味性、亲近性、实用性,为广大师生所欢迎。这 是培养大胆开口讲英语的又一个有利条件。因此,教师得抓住时机,充分运用教材,从起始年级,培养 e mostrned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requirements, and is one of th tu?on is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided into three periods: pitatinumber of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the different periods of preciand soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed pattern, following a water f normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of flux, coordination of ther links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lawn, is a guarantee oand olawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weeding w into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and management, to ensure the2 lawn maintenance can gro-d marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1ssional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservation section chiefs anprofessional engineer 1, each equipped with the profe3season precipitation, evaporation is greater, to yellowing of the leaf after this period before the rainy ?reased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oisture content has inc largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. -crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Bush 2 学生良 好的话的习惯。 首先,教师应十分注意发挥“情感教育”在英语教学中的作用。古人曰:“亲其师,才能信其道。”教师 要用“师爱”去赢得学生的亲近和信任,使师生感情双向交流,密切师生关系,形成轻松、愉悦的课堂气氛, 从而有效地帮助学生消除心理障碍,克服怕开口说英语的紧张心理,开创敢讲英语、争讲英语、爱讲英语的局 面。 同时,教师要精心组织教学,优化教学方法,利用一切教学媒体(图片、实物、玩具、幻灯、投影、录像 、录音、指套、木偶等等)创设情景,寓教于乐,让学生身置语境,有意识或无意识地开口练说,最大限度地 发挥学生说英语的主动性和积极性。 此外,教师要从课内到课外尽可能地为学生创造语言实践机会。如:组织语言游戏、竞赛,开辟英语角, 举办英语兴趣小组,排演英语文娱节目,强调师生间同学间用英语问候,要求学生把所学英语用到日常生活中 去,对做得好的学生给予“小红花”、“小红星”奖励等等。以此造成说英语的氛围,激励学生多开口说英语 。 要做到人人大胆开口说英语,不是一件容易的事。学生因各人的气质、性格不同,参与开口讲英语的程度 也不同。教师在教学中要特别关注那些存在怕说、缺乏自信心的学生。著名教育学家布卢姆认为,一个人学习 成功的次数越多,他的学习自信心就越强。学习成功是建立在学习自信心的基础上的。因此教师要帮助这些学 生克服思想和心理障碍,要多给予鼓励和表扬,肯定其点滴甚至是微不足道的进步,进行个别耐心具体的辅导 ,设个坡度,扶着前进,不要急 -h 2nd is one of the most crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Busnts, a turned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requireme?o three periods: eriods of precipitation is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided intrent ppattern, following a number of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the diffeoordination of water and soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed lux, cawn, is a guarantee of normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of fruning, weeding and other links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lion, pgement, to ensure the lawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilizatn maintenance can grow into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and mana2 law-ion section chiefs and marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1uipped with the professional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservatprofessional engineer 1, each eq4iod before the rainy season precipitation, evaporation is greater, to yellowing of the leaf after this per?sture content has increased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oi largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. 于一步到位,让他们在口语训练中有所得,感受到成功和欢乐,以增强其说英 语的自信心,激起其说英语的内心欲望。 学生在讲英语时,教师最好别去打断,应允许学生暂时存在某些语言错误,待讲完后,教师再指出并纠正 。这样做,不干扰学生说话的思路、意念表达,不挫伤其说话积极性,又能帮助其提高言语水平。在大胆开口 讲英语的基础上,教师要引导学生注意讲话音量适度、仪表大方。三年级始学英语,要求学生大声讲英语,随 着年级的升高,要求学生根据不同场合,调整自己的音量大小,声音高低,对于活动、小组操练宜轻声些,班上发言得响亮些,让全班同学都能听到。有的学生急于发言,在连续说英语时,停顿过长,还常加“嗯”。此 时,教师要注意多留给学生一点思考时间,要求先想后说,想好再说。另外,教师要提请学生注意,说话时不 要低着头,或眼望天花板,或视窗外,要面对听者,举止要自然,不拘束,从小养成良好的说的习惯。 三、良好的读的习惯。 “读”对小学生来说,主要是指“朗读”。要求:正确拼读单词,响亮地、流利地朗读课文,语音、语调 等基本正确。拼读单词有利于学生记忆单词,积累词汇。朗读英语有利于培养学生语音、语调、节奏、语感等 。也有助于“说”的能力进一步提高。 九年义务教育英语学科三年级第二册课文开始出现文字,渐之,要求拼读单词。无论是个别还是全班拼读 (拼背)单词,都应要求学生先读一遍单词,再拼读字母,然后再读一遍单词。培养学生拼读 e mostrned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requirements, and is one of th tu?on is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided into three periods: pitatinumber of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the different periods of preciand soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed pattern, following a water f normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of flux, coordination of ther links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lawn, is a guarantee oand olawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weeding w into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and management, to ensure the2 lawn maintenance can gro-d marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1ssional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservation section chiefs anprofessional engineer 1, each equipped with the profe5season precipitation, evaporation is greater, to yellowing of the leaf after this period before the rainy ?reased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oisture content has inc largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. -crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Bush 2 单词的良好习惯 ,十分有益于学生认读单词,正确拼写单词。 朗读英语是小学生学习英语的主要内容之一。“说”英语与“读”英语有相通之处,关系密切,两者相辅 相成。学生朗读英语好与差,很大程度上取决于教师的示范。这是给学生“先入为主”的朗读音调印象。因此 ,教师必须十分注重范读和领读。授课前,教师最好先自身整音,尽量与标准音带取得一致。在自身(或音带 )范读、领读时,教师可配以手势以示升调、降调、重读等,加深学生的理解。以后还可指导学生在课文上标 音调符号。一般来说,新课之时,不宜请学生领读课文,以免一个错,错一片,给纠正增添麻烦。在朗读语言 材料时,须要求学生切勿操之过急,拿来便朗读,要先通阅,了解内容,理解含义,揣摩音调,然后再朗读。 这样,朗读效果好。 小学英语课文句短简单,读来朗朗上口。有些学生觉得这些句都已能讲能背了,在朗读时漫不经心,不是 看着一句句朗读,而是滑句,一古脑儿读完,存在“假读”现象。有的朗读时语速、节奏掌握不好,过慢、拖 沓,一字字顿着读,或是过快,发音不到位,无停顿,混着读。特在集体朗读时,伴有拖音明显,节奏较差, 语速偏慢等现象。为此,教师要对症下药,变换教法,随时纠正学生朗读的不良倾向,刻意培养学生良好的读 的习惯。 四、良好的写的习惯。 “写”对小学生来说,主要是指“书写”。要求:书写姿势、方法正确,规范书写,大小写、笔 顺、标点符号和格式正确。 小学生在学英文书写前,已学会汉字及汉语拼音的书写,且已养 -h 2nd is one of the most crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Busnts, a turned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requireme?o three periods: eriods of precipitation is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided intrent ppattern, following a number of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the diffeoordination of water and soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed lux, cawn, is a guarantee of normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of fruning, weeding and other links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lion, pgement, to ensure the lawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilizatn maintenance can grow into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and mana2 law-ion section chiefs and marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1uipped with the professional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservatprofessional engineer 1, each eq6iod before the rainy season precipitation, evaporation is greater, to yellowing of the leaf after this per?sture content has increased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oi largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. 成一定的书写习惯,这对学习英文书写有利也有弊。就书写而言,二者有相同之处,但更有不同之点。对于书写的坐姿,握笔方法,两者要求相同。但有些个别字母的写法还是有一些区别,因此,英语教师必须利用学习正迁移,防止学习负迁移,对学生英文书写进行严格的训练。时至三年级,仍有部分学生书写坐姿、握笔方法不正确。这就要求英语教师在教英书写时及时纠正,不能放任自流。要让学生明白书写坐姿、握笔方法不正确会影响身体健康,影响书写质量与速度,对今后学习不利 。启发学生加强自我督促意识,保持正确坐姿,握笔方法。 在书写教学一开始,学写字母时,教师就必须十分重视培养学生按照规范笔顺书写,在四线三格中位置正确。值得一提的是,要强调每个字母都要稍向右斜,斜度要一致(约,?)。中国学生由于写汉字的习惯,竖直横平,有棱有角,四方端正。因此,在书写英文时,常出现直、方、角现象。对此教师要运用“比较法”教学,及时指正。随着学习的进展,教师要继续坚持不懈地抓好单词、句子、段、篇的书写及标点符号的正确使用,切实做到英文书写规范,使学生养成良好的写的习惯。 总之,良好的英语学习习惯不会自然生成的,而是经有意识培养形成的。小学生学习英语,主要通过课堂教学形式。所以,良好的英语学习习惯的养成主要是靠教师。教师必须十分重视良好学习习惯的培养,注意在日常教学活动中有计划地、有步骤、严格地训练学生。兴趣教学对小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯也起了一定的作用。 to yellowing of the leaf after this period before the rainy ?reased to a level sufficient to meet the needs of lawn growth. oisture content has inc largely ceased during the rainy season irrigation. Air humidity during this period, grass transpiration decreased soil m?4. -crucial irrigation under soil water retention properties of strength and rainy periods during which Bush 2 e mostrned green before the rainy season. High temperatures during this period, transpiration, water requirements, and is one of th tu?on is extremely important and timely irrigation of different grass species. Can generally be divided into three periods: pitatinumber of technical points for reference. (1) the irrigation time growing season, according to the different periods of preciand soil and improving the microclimate of the Center, water cannot be implemented according to a fixed pattern, following a water f normal lawn. In view of the lawn during the growth season, lawn and the environment is in a State of flux, coordination of ther links. 1, irrigate irrigation lawn fertility environments can be improved, adding water plant the lawn, is a guarantee oand olawn landscape continues for a long time. Lawn maintenance management including: irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weeding w into the fullness of the week. After the lawn grow, but also to carry out regular maintenance and management, to ensure the2 lawn maintenance can gro-d marketing grasp work and coordination. Six and lawn maintenance, planting is completed, often with a 1ssional technician 1, 2 technicians, carry out their duties. By the Resident Engineer of the conservation section chiefs anprofessional engineer 1, each equipped with the profe7season precipitation, evaporation is greater,
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