关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别 关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别
关系副词(where/when与“介词+which”的
区别
引导定语从句时where与in which有时
可互换,有时不能互换,注意以下几点:
一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情
形
当“介词+ which”在定语从句中作时间、地
点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词
when, where和why来替换。
1. when根据情况可以等于in which, at
which, on which等。如:
The day when (=on wh...
关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别
关系副词(where/when与“介词+which”的
区别
引导定语从句时where与in which有时
可互换,有时不能互换,注意以下几点:
一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情
形
当“介词+ which”在定语从句中作时间、地
点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词
when, where和why来替换。
1. when根据情况可以等于in which, at
which, on which等。如:
The day when (=on which) she arrived
was Thursday. 她到的那天是星期四。
July and August are the months when
(=in which) the weather is hot. 七八月是天
气很热的月份。——摘自《英语常用词多用
途词典》(金盾出版社)
这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句
中。如:
We’ll put off the picnic until next week,
when (=by then) the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天
气可能会好一点。——摘自《张道真英语语
法》(商务印书馆)
2. where根据情况可以等于in which, at
which, on which等。如:
This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying. 这就是他们当时
住的旅店。——摘自《英语常用词多用途词
典》(金盾出版社)
Do you remember the place where (=at which) we had lunch? 你记得我们吃午饭
的地方吗? ——摘自《英语用法指南》(外
研社)
这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句
中。如:
The Tower of London, where (=in which so many people lost their lives, is now a
tourist attraction. 在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧
命,它现在是旅游胜地。——摘自《朗文英
语语法》(外研社)
3. 关系副词若要换成“介词+which”只能
是for which。如:
The reason why (=for which) I came here was to be with my family. 我到这里来
的原因是要跟我的家里人在一起。——摘自
《英语用法指南》(外研社)
My success in business, the reason why (=for which) he dislikes me, has been due to hard work. 他为我在事业上的成功而不
喜欢我,我的成功归功于我努力工作。——
摘自《朗文英语语法》(外研社)
但是,反过来,for which并不一定能换成
why。如:
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻
的文件已经找到了。(此句中的for which
也不能换成why,理由同上句)——摘自《高
中英语语法详解》(湖南大学出版社)
二、关系副词与“介词+which”不能互换
的情形
1. 有些语境需要用特定的介词来明确其
关系,此时若换成关系副词,则会导致意思
不明确或句意不能通顺。如:
The ladder on which I was standing
began to slip. 我脚下的梯子开始向下滑
动。(句中的on which不能换成where,
否则意思不明确)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I
sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这
事,之后我坐着看报。(句中的after which
不能换成when,否则意思不明确)
2. 当“介词+which”后面接有被which修
饰的名词时,通常不能用关系副词代替。如:
The programme will continue until 1994
by which time $3million will have been
spent.
这个项目将持续到1994年。到那时开支
将达到300万美元。(句中的by which time
不能换成when或where,因为which后跟
有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《限定词
与数量词》(外文出版社)
We arrived at noon, by which time the
demonstration was over. 我们是中午到
的,这时游行业已结束。(句中的by which time不能换成when或where,因为which后跟有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《英
语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
3. 当“介词+which”并不表示时间、地点或
原因时,自然不能换成关系副词。
There are three principal routes by
which one can drive to North Wales. 开车
到北威尔士,有3条主要路线可走。(句中
的by which不能换成when或where,因为
这里的by which并不表示时间或地点,介
词by在此表示“通过”)——摘自《英语常用
词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
This is a subject about which we might
argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能
长时间争论的问题。(句中的about which
不能换成when或where,因为这里的about
which并不表示时间或地点,介词about在
此表示“关于”,所涉及的搭配是argue
about)——摘自《张道真英语语法
4、在表语从句和状语从句中不能互换
一、在表语从句中
Is this hotel ______ you said we
were to stay in your letter,.
A. that B. where C. the one
D. in which
此题可改为:This hotel is where you said we were to stay in your letter(实际上是由
where引导的表语从句,
为B项。
二、在状语从句中
We had better put the bottle of dleeping pills__kids can not find it in case
they mistake the pills for candies.此句中
“where”并非引导定语从句,而是引导地点
状语从句,故不能用"in which".
若用"in which",那句子就变成了定语从
句,
in which kids can not find...
= in the sleeping pill kids can not find...
句子就无法理解通了。
三、当定语从句带有不定式时,只能用
prep.+which
如,I want a pen with which to write. I live in a house in which to spend my rest
life.
不能用 I live in a house where to spend
my rest life.
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