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关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别 

2017-09-20 6页 doc 19KB 131阅读

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关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别 关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别  关系副词(where/when与“介词+which”的 区别 引导定语从句时where与in which有时 可互换,有时不能互换,注意以下几点: 一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情 形 当“介词+ which”在定语从句中作时间、地 点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词 when, where和why来替换。 1. when根据情况可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如: The day when (=on wh...
关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别 
关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别  关系副词(where/when与“介词+which”的 区别 引导定语从句时where与in which有时 可互换,有时不能互换,注意以下几点: 一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情 形 当“介词+ which”在定语从句中作时间、地 点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词 when, where和why来替换。 1. when根据情况可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如: The day when (=on which) she arrived was Thursday. 她到的那天是星期四。 July and August are the months when (=in which) the weather is hot. 七八月是天 气很热的月份。——摘自《英语常用词多用 途词典》(金盾出版社) 这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句 中。如: We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when (=by then) the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天 气可能会好一点。——摘自《张道真英语语 法》(商务印书馆) 2. where根据情况可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如: This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying. 这就是他们当时 住的旅店。——摘自《英语常用词多用途词 典》(金盾出版社) Do you remember the place where (=at which) we had lunch? 你记得我们吃午饭 的地方吗? ——摘自《英语用法指南》(外 研社) 这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句 中。如: The Tower of London, where (=in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. 在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧 命,它现在是旅游胜地。——摘自《朗文英 语语法》(外研社) 3. 关系副词若要换成“介词+which”只能 是for which。如: The reason why (=for which) I came here was to be with my family. 我到这里来 的原因是要跟我的家里人在一起。——摘自 《英语用法指南》(外研社) My success in business, the reason why (=for which) he dislikes me, has been due to hard work. 他为我在事业上的成功而不 喜欢我,我的成功归功于我努力工作。—— 摘自《朗文英语语法》(外研社) 但是,反过来,for which并不一定能换成 why。如: The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻 的文件已经找到了。(此句中的for which 也不能换成why,理由同上句)——摘自《高 中英语语法详解》(湖南大学出版社) 二、关系副词与“介词+which”不能互换 的情形 1. 有些语境需要用特定的介词来明确其 关系,此时若换成关系副词,则会导致意思 不明确或句意不能通顺。如: The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我脚下的梯子开始向下滑 动。(句中的on which不能换成where, 否则意思不明确) This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这 事,之后我坐着看报。(句中的after which 不能换成when,否则意思不明确) 2. 当“介词+which”后面接有被which修 饰的名词时,通常不能用关系副词代替。如: The programme will continue until 1994 by which time $3million will have been spent. 这个项目将持续到1994年。到那时开支 将达到300万美元。(句中的by which time 不能换成when或where,因为which后跟 有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《限定词 与数量词》(外文出版社) We arrived at noon, by which time the demonstration was over. 我们是中午到 的,这时游行业已结束。(句中的by which time不能换成when或where,因为which后跟有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《英 语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社) 3. 当“介词+which”并不表示时间、地点或 原因时,自然不能换成关系副词。 There are three principal routes by which one can drive to North Wales. 开车 到北威尔士,有3条主要路线可走。(句中 的by which不能换成when或where,因为 这里的by which并不表示时间或地点,介 词by在此表示“通过”)——摘自《英语常用 词多用途词典》(金盾出版社) This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能 长时间争论的问题。(句中的about which 不能换成when或where,因为这里的about which并不表示时间或地点,介词about在 此表示“关于”,所涉及的搭配是argue about)——摘自《张道真英语语法 4、在表语从句和状语从句中不能互换 一、在表语从句中 Is this hotel ______ you said we were to stay in your letter,. A. that B. where C. the one D. in which 此题可改为:This hotel is where you said we were to stay in your letter(实际上是由 where引导的表语从句,为B项。 二、在状语从句中 We had better put the bottle of dleeping pills__kids can not find it in case they mistake the pills for candies.此句中 “where”并非引导定语从句,而是引导地点 状语从句,故不能用"in which". 若用"in which",那句子就变成了定语从 句, in which kids can not find... = in the sleeping pill kids can not find... 句子就无法理解通了。 三、当定语从句带有不定式时,只能用 prep.+which 如,I want a pen with which to write. I live in a house in which to spend my rest life. 不能用 I live in a house where to spend my rest life.
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