第3章 建筑总平面设计（The third chapter is building general layout design）

第3章 建筑总平面（The third chapter is building general layout design） 第3章 建筑总平面设计(The third chapter is building general layout design) This paper consists of 1299732247 contributions Ppt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view. Architecture, building, architecture Third chapters The third chapter is building general layout design Content of general graphic design: content of general graphic design: ??????? function partition base; function partition base; base entrances; base entrances; base in the mode of transport, road system; the base mode of transport, road system; parking system base; parking system base; greening, landscape, square layout base the greening, landscape, square layout; base; base in pipeline engineering; base pipeline engineering; building orientation, size, shape, surface modeling; building orientation, size, shape and other plane; plane and vertical position at the base of the building. Plane and vertical position relationship of building on base. Requirements for the general layout of the building: requirements for the general layout of the building: ??? Reasonable function, reasonable function, technical safety, technical safety, economic requirement, economic requirement, sustainable construction, sustainable construction and unified and harmonious environment. Unified and harmonious environment. 3.1 construction and urban planning (Urban Planning) relationship between construction and urban planning (Planning) Urban planning includes overall planning and detailed planning in two phases. Urban planning includes overall planning and detailed planning in two phases. Namely: overall planning two stages The overall planning stage of urban planning, overall planning; overall planning stage of the urban planning outline, overall planning; detailed planning stage of control detailed planning, construction detailed planning. Detailed planning and detailed planning of construction in the detailed planning stage. 3.1.1 urban planning requirements The requirements of city planning and design for the architectural plane generally include: the requirement of the city planning design for the building of general plane generally include: the nature of land and land area; (1) on the nature of land and land area; (2) the rate for the volume, to control the volume rate, building coverage building coverage, green rate, green rate, building height, architectural height and distance back red and other indicators; control of building distance, back red index; (3) the traffic entrance regulation range. Directions for the entrance and exit of traffic. I. control over the nature of land use The overall planning of the planning area in each block of land properties are clearly defined, the overall planning of the planning area in each block of land properties are clearly defined, the provisions of the scope of it, decided to use in the constructability and discomfort construction, define the scope of application of it, decide to develop and build discomfort and conditions can be built building types. Building type. Urban land is divided into 10 categories, 46 categories, 73 small categories, 10 categories, the middle class, the small class. Urban land is divided into 10 categories, 46 categories and 73 small categories. R- public facilities land, residential land, residential land, public facilities, C- storage land, traffic land, foreign W- storage sites, T-, municipal utilities external traffic land, green space, U- municipal utilities, G- green, water and other land. E- waters and other lands. M- industrial land, industrial land, road, square land, S- Road, square land, special land, P- special land, Limit a project and choose only its base area within a given area. Limit a project and choose only its base area within a given area. Limit a plot can only do some nature of the use, and can not be arbitrarily developed and constructed. Limit a plot can only do some nature of the use, and can not be arbitrarily developed and constructed. Several professional nouns: several professional terms: Road red line: Road red line: urban road planning control of land boundaries, urban road land planning, control, boundary lines, generally by the urban planning administrative departments in the land condition map marked. The planning administrative department is marked in the condition map of the land. Blue line: blue line: urban planning management department in accordance with the overall planning of long-term retention of river planning line. River line. Urban greening line: urban greening line: the boundary lines of all kinds of urban green spaces determined in urban planning and construction. The boundary lines of various urban green spaces determined in urban planning and construction. Purple line: purple line: limits of protection of ancient buildings and sites. Limits of protection for ancient buildings and sites. Building control line: building control line: the control line of the base position of a building, the base line of a base in which the base of a building is allowed to be constructed, the base line of a building. The base line of a structure. Two, the control of the intensity of land use Based on the volume rate, building density maximum and minimum rate of green space based on the volume rate, building density maximum and minimum volume of the maximum rate of green and green rate limit value, the value can be defined, using the strength of base is controlled within an appropriate range. Within limits. Volume rate: volume rate refers to a base of the total construction area, land area ratio for developers, the total floor area and the ratio. The ratio of the total floor area to the land area within a base. For developers, the volume rate of land costs in the proportion of houses, and for households, land costs in the proportion of houses, and for households, the volume rate is directly related to the comfort of living. A good living quarters, high-rise residential volume rate should not exceed 5, multi-storey residential should not exceed 2 moderate. A good living quarters, high-rise residential volume rate should not exceed 5, multi-storey residential should not exceed 2, green rate should be no less than 30%, but due to the cost of land constraints, not all projects can do. 30%. The rate of green space should be no less than 30%. But because of the cost of land, not all projects can be achieved. Building density: building density refers to the coverage rate of buildings, and the coverage rate of buildings refers to the coverage rate of buildings, Specifically refers to all buildings within the scope of the basement base total area and land use planning and construction area ratio (%), it can reflect certain within the scope of land clearing rate and intensive construction. (%), it can reflect certain within the scope of land clearing rate and intensive construction land area ratio (%), it can reflect certain within the scope of land clearing rate and intensive construction. Green rate: green rate: described is the residential area with the sum of all kinds of green space within the land and residential land ratio. Described is a residential area with the sum of all kinds of green space within the land and residential land ratio. Green rate refers to the living area of land within the green "include public green space, Greenland etc.. Among them, the "land for residential areas within the green" include public green, Greenland etc.. Among them, the public green space, including residential areas and parks, small garden, green groups and some other massive, public green belt, including residential areas and parks, small garden, green groups and some other massive. Three, architectural form The control architecture is to ensure the quality of the comprehensive environment of the whole city to control architecture is to ensure the quality of the whole city comprehensive environment, create regional characteristics, cultural characteristics, harmony and unity of the appearance of the city and determined, geographical characteristics, cultural characteristics, harmony of the appearance of the city and determined, mainly for the protection of cultural relics lots, city key sections, for the protection of cultural relics, lots of city key sections, streets and characteristics of streets in the vicinity of the site, and in accordance with the functional characteristics, near the site of the land, and according to the functional characteristics, geographic conditions and environmental landscape conditions and other factors, put forward different requirements. Other factors, put forward different requirements. In addition to the above four points, in the planning of the building height, traffic entrance range, in addition to the above four points, in the planning of the building height, traffic entrance position, main building orientation, main entrance range and other requirements, the main building towards the main entrance, range and other aspects of the request, the architectural plane the design should also be met. Planning should also be fulfilled. General layout design of 3.2 building code requirements 3.2 architectural plane design code requirements "Civil design principles", "general principles of civil building design code for fire protection design of buildings" and "code for fire protection design of buildings" fire protection design of tall buildings "" fire protection design of tall buildings "," village "code for fire protection design of buildings etc.. Code for fire protection design of rural buildings " A fire spacing Two, geological and hydrological Geological conditions: the depth of soil characteristics; soil characteristics geological conditions of the depth of the soil; characteristics and composition of soil and rock in a certain depth below ground; soil freezing depth; and combination; soil freezing depth; the base area of the earthquake and the ground, the some bad geological phenomenon. The earthquake and the ground, some of the bad geological phenomenon etc.. Hydrological conditions: River water, river conditions, rivers, lakes, seas, reservoirs and other surface water conditions and groundwater levels. Water level. The geological and hydrological conditions of the site related to the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site in the position of the building site is related to the layout of buildings in the group site location selection and underground engineering facilities, pipelines and surface drainage and underground engineering facilities, fabric style. Weave mode. Three. Climate and microclimate Meteorological factors influencing the total plane design of the main perennial dominant wind direction, meteorological factors influencing the total plane design of the main perennial dominant wind direction in summer the dominant wind direction, wind conditions, sunshine, temperature, winter and summer, the dominant wind direction, wind, sunshine, temperature and precipitation. (1) climatic characteristics The layout of the building and the basic shape of the plane should take into account the heat preservation in the cold area or the heat dissipation in the hot areas. Requirements. The buildings in cold area should be centralized layout, and the buildings in cold area should be centralized and suitable for winter heat preservation. Keep warm in winter. The buildings in hot areas take a distributed cloth, which is a kind of loose and stretched plane form. This kind of loose and stretched plane form is flexible and penetrating, which is good for heat dissipation and ventilation. It is permeable to ventilation and ventilation. (two) sunshine factor (1) toward: towards: Different latitude building on different sunshine, different geographical latitude building requirements for different sunshine, with latitude sunshine conditions are different, the same latitude sunshine conditions are different, so the orientation is different. Also different. The North-South architecture has been widely adopted in most parts of china. The North-South architecture has been widely adopted in most parts of china. Things to the building, the latitude 45 to 45 degrees north subfrigid zone, West building, the latitude of 45 degrees north of the subarctic and boreal area, conducive to the winter sunshine, can be used; with areas conducive to the winter sunshine, can use; A map of the movement of sunlight around a certain point on the earth Sunshine distance Alpha / beta / solar altitude; solar azimuth south Alpha beta (a) solar altitude angle and azimuth angle H North alpha L (b) / alpha sunshine spacing of buildings - height angle; azimuth angle beta (three) wind direction factor; With the help of the local dominant wind direction wind rose diagram shown in the test by the local wind rose toward the direction shown to consider building examination rose map. Consider the direction of the building. (four) microclimate factors Due to the impact of some specific conditions such as base and its surrounding vegetation, shape, vegetation, environment and buildings in the specific circumstances of the change based on the specific climatic conditions in the base area in the climatic conditions, the formation of base specific microclimate. On the basis of changes, the formation of base specific microclimate. The layout of the building should strive to create a good site microclimate environment. The layout of the building should strive to create a good site microclimate environment. 3.2. 2 building site construction environment I. external environmental conditions of construction sites Site location, site location, site around the road traffic conditions, venues around the road traffic conditions, municipal conditions, municipal conditions, adjacent site environmental conditions, environmental conditions, the adjacent site near the site has some special elements of the city. Some of the city's special elements near the site. These construction status is an important part of the land use conditions. These construction status is an important component of the land use condition, which plays a decisive role in the overall design of the building, and should be paid full attention to in the design. The overall design of the building plays a decisive role and should be paid full attention to in the design. Bell Tower and Drum Tower square, Xi'an Xi'an Bell Tower and Drum Tower square is located in Xi'an city centre, between the bell tower and Drum Tower, Xi'an Bell Tower and Drum Tower square is located in Xi'an city centre, between the bell tower and the drum tower, in order to highlight the two ancient buildings on the main body shape is a large area of green square, the large shopping malls located underground, so as to the subject, is a large area of green square. The large shopping malls located underground, so to ensure the visibility effectively improve the environmental quality of the city. As a result, the environmental quality of the city centre is improved. Two. Internal environment condition of construction site The original buildings, the existing buildings, the existing public services, infrastructure, the existing public services, infrastructure, and cultural relics in the site. The original building conditions, if a certain size, in good condition, the original building conditions, if a certain size, in good condition, or has a certain historical value, should be used in preservation, protection, or has a certain historical value, should be used in preservation, protection and utilization or combined with new buildings to use or and the new building in the way of combining to interdependence and harmonious environment. Harmonic dependence. 1234 Designed in 1930s, designed in 1920s, the auditorium was designed in 1980s 213 4 、 Library of Tsinghua University 3.3 the relationship between the building and the site Functional analysis and site zoning of 3.3.1 building site Analysis of a construction site, the function of??? Site function, site function, site of each part of the function of each part of the site characteristics, function characteristics, site of each part using objects and activities. The use of objects and activities in each part of the site. Parking Plaza Lounge courtyard Props makeup House of residence 451 Five Front office ticket Lobby Lounge Stage Lobby, office quarters and 32 Rehearsal Equipment kitchen (a) functional analysis chart (b) general layout, functional analysis and general plan of a cinema; 1- theater; 2- square; 3- ticket; 4- parking; 5- assisted building Two, site zoning The site division determines the functional relationship and spatial location of the site composition, thus the basic form of land layout is determined. And then determine the basic form of land layout. Site zoning follows two basic lines of thought: One is starting from the content requirements of the organization, function division and organization, one is starting from the content requirements of the organization, function division and organization, such as the similar properties, to use closely related content; the similar character, to use closely related content; a departure from the base point of use and land use division, a departure from the base of the aspect of land use classification, as with different content arrangement, such as the use of land for land in the main building, auxiliary building, square, the land, such as land use will be divided into the main building. Auxiliary building, square, parking lot and green garden land etc.. Parking lots and green garden sites, etc.. In determining the partition, the two ideas are intertwined, two aspects of the problem should be considered. In determining the partition, the two ideas are intertwined, two aspects of the problem should be considered. Site Zoning: site zoning: The site division determines the functional relationship and spatial location of the site composition, thus the basic form of land layout is determined. And then determine the basic form of land layout. The area can follow two basic ideas: one is starting from the content requirements, function division and organization, a departure from the use of the contents of the requirement, function division and organization, such as the similar properties, to use closely related content; close to nature, with close contact the content is two; starting from the base using the angle of land use division, two is starting from the base using the angle of land use division, as for different content arrangement. Land for setting up. In determining the partition, the two ideas are intertwined, and in determining the partition, the two ideas are intertwined, two aspects of the problem should be considered. 3.3.2 layout of the building in the site First, the layout of the single building in the site (1) take the construction itself as the core, arrange in the middle of the site, take the construction itself as the core, The building arrangement in the primary position or the central site, around the space arrangement in the main position of building cloth or the central site, the courtyard greening, transportation hubs, formed in the building as the core, the space of courtyard greening, transportation hubs, formed in the building as the core, surrounded by building relationships. This is a prominent building, the environment as a foil to the relationship between the building. This is a prominent form of architecture. (two) the building is arranged on the side or corner of the site The building will be arranged in the field toward one side position, buildings will be arranged in the field toward one side position, the remaining land is relatively concentrated, for other internal layout of the site content. The land is relatively centralized, so that other contents of the site should be arranged conveniently. Two, the layout of the building groups in the site (1) the spatial layout of the building group (1) with space as the core and building enclosed space Taking space as the core, building enclosed space. In the space as the core, the construction of enclosed space layout mode, in space as the core, the construction of enclosed space for the layout, architectural form interface, the architectural form interface, enclosed closed inner space. (2) architecture and space interspersed with each other). Architecture and space interspersed with each other. Interspersed between architecture and space, interspersed between architecture and space, which is built on the construction of the space surrounded by the building layout in the open space, form a space for building surrounded the building into the environment. Five Figure 3-3-6 a general layout of primary school Six Four Four Four One Three Two General layout of Lanzhou University 1- 2- lecture group; 3- library; teaching building; 4- Museum; 5- 6- hall, club executive floor; Harvard University Graduate Center General Plan (two) combination of building groups Symmetric, free style, courtyard etc.. Symmetric, free style, courtyard etc.. Three, the art of building groups in combination Architectural plane design, construction general layout design, the basic principle of the basic principle, the rational use of architectural composition, the relative position between the various buildings are some inherent links, rather than irrelevant. Internal relations, rather than irrelevant. Each part of the existing diversity and harmonious order, unity, changes in diversity and harmonious order, unified change, unity change. (a) the principle of unity: master-slave manipulation focus, subordination, form the visual center; (1) the master-slave principle: focus, subordination, form the visual center; (2) to establish order: Order Construction clear between the design elements; construction of order: the design elements to establish order clear 1); design elements can be arranged along the axis, can also be arranged on both sides of the axis; axis can design elements can be arranged along, can also be arranged on both sides; is the axis, can also be partial axis and turning axis and cross axis. Is the axis, can also be a partial axis and the turning axis and cross axis. Centripetal: building around a center layout, form a centripetal space. 2): building a center around the centripetal arrangement, form a centripetal space. Counterpoint: geometric relationship between adjacent building unit. 3) para: a certain geometry position between adjacent building unit. The same elements according to certain rules of repetition, repetition and gradation (3): the same elements according to certain rules of repeated or orderly arranged like similar image; orderly arrangement; (two) contrast: break the monotonous, dull and dull feeling by contrast, highlight the contrast: break the monotony dull and dull feeling, by contrast, the main building space, make the group full of change. The contrasts are common: the main building space, the group changed. The contrasts are common: big and small, curved and straight, high and low, virtual and real, sparse and dense, dynamic and static, big and small, curved and straight, high and low, virtual and real, sparse and dense, dynamic and static, open and closed, inward and outward etc.. Open and closed, introverted and extroverted. Zhejiang University symmetrical campus space Group combination of an institution of higher learning General plan of a residential area Guangzhou Zhujiang Fanying building scheme 3.3.3 layout of road traffic The total plane design, general layout design, the layout of the road traffic system directly affects the block site use function, the land use function, also affect the content of the site location arrangement. Arrangement. The road is not only in the field of people, the road is not only the material basis in the field of people, cargo transportation and other water supply and drainage, electricity, telecommunications, heating, and also to the laying of drainage, electricity, telecommunications, channel heating, gas and other municipal pipeline facilities. Pipeline access. The basic content of traffic organization in the field includes two aspects: the basic content of traffic organization in the field includes two aspects: one is to determine the flow of the system, the system is set to determine the streamline flow system, the two is to determine the parking organization mode. The determination of parking organization mode two is the determination of parking organization mode. I. layout of roads (1) basic requirements for road layout; (1) meet the use of functional requirements. Meet the use of functional requirements. Traffic demand and public facilities of daily life in the carriage of goods life traffic demand and public facilities in transportation of goods, daily traffic demand and public facilities in cargo transportation, fire control, flow distribution under the conditions of car demand. Fire, flow, distribution and other conditions of the car needs. Establish a complete road system. (2) the establishment of a complete road system. Make clear the nature of the road and distinguish the function of the road. (3) make clear the nature of the road and distinguish the function of the road. Pedestrian, non motor vehicle, traffic road, pedestrian line, non motor vehicle or motor vehicle Traffic roads, living roads? Residential district level roads, residential district level roads, roads? Residential district road, residential area, residential housing cluster roads, road house before the road? Main roads, fields, sub roads, roads, front streets Main roads, venues, sub roads, roads, roads, sidewalks, etc. Road, road, sidewalk Consider environmental and landscape requirements. (4) consider the environmental and landscape requirements. (two) organization of site roads; (1) the site road system the basic form of 1 people and vehicles road system, the separation of people and vehicles in the road system, mixed vehicle road system, mixed vehicle road system, vehicle road system shunt part (2) site road layout the basic form of ring type, ring type, end type, end type, comprehensive type Four 312 Two 1- main building; 2- square; 3- parking lot; 4- sports ground Vehicle routing footpath Jeju branch of Korea central communication administration Sketch map of a residential district road system Inner ring Ring formula Semi ring End up Hybrid Road layout system in site Two. Organization of parking system (a) parking lot type ground parking lot, ground parking lot, combined parking lot (parking lot and building and the combination of comprehensive consideration) and the combined parking lot (parking lot and building and the combination of comprehensive consideration), multi-storey parking lot (two) layout of parking lot centralized, centralized and decentralized (three), and to determine the relationship between the site entrance to the relationship, and the site entrance and the relationship between building and building the parking lot entrance location 3.3.4 green environment The basic form of green space The first is green green is the basic form of marginal edge of Greenland, green edge is the basic form in Greenland, in general it back as green as some corner of land, the road on both sides of the edge of the form of green space. The king, as some corner of land, the road on both sides of the edge of the form of green space. Strong adaptability, most in the form of green green edge. Should be strong, most in the form of green green edge. The second is a small area independent green small garden greening facilities. Independent form of green space is small in scale, some small green garden facilities. Independent form of green space is smaller, the layout has great flexibility, is to decorate the environment, set up with great flexibility, it is a very effective way to decorate the environment, rich landscape; a very effective way; the third is the centralized green concentrated green space has certain scale is the allocation of green space favorable form, centralized green is the most favorable form, can give full play to the multiple functions of green space. Multi function. Two, green scale Green space index should comply with the relevant provisions of the local city planning department. Green space index should comply with the relevant provisions of the local city planning department. The third chapter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. of the total plane design must consider what content? The total plane design should consider what content? What is the volume rate, building density? What is the volume rate, building density? What is the line of control, building the road red line? What is the line of control, building the road red line? What is the sunshine distance? How to determine the sunshine distance? What is the sunshine distance? How to determine the sunshine distance? What are the types of green space in the form of the site? What are the types of green space in the form of the site? Thinking: thinking: The university campus as an example, a university campus as an example, what are the main characteristics of the general layout design of the campus? What? How to through the general graphic design to improve the quality of the environment and building site? One