地方性中小商业银行发展中的

地方性中小商业银行发展中的 地方性中小商业银行发展中的“蓝海战略”研究——以济宁银行小微信贷为例 [ 由于地方性中小商业银行在激烈的银行业竞争中处于劣势地位～因此寻找“蓝海战略”成为地方性商业银行经营策略的重中之重。本文通过对济宁银行的小微信贷案例进行剖析。来探索地方性中小商业银行的“蓝海战略”定位。 关键词:中小商业银行～蓝海战略～济宁案例 伴随着中国银行业改革发展进程加快～特大型国.有银行以及股份制商业银行的整体竞争力得到进一步提升。但是与此同时～国内地方性商业银行还非常多～这些地方性商业银行既包括城市商业银行～也有一些新组建的农村商业银行、农村合作银行。和大型商业银行相比～这些地方性商业银行由于其与生俱来的先天劣势～在金融市场竞争中处于明显弱势地位。因此～本文通过对济宁市当地的一家地方性商业银行——济宁银行的小微信贷产品进行案例～探索地方性商业银行是如何通过“差异化”经营～来实现商业银行激烈的同业竞争下的“蓝海”战略定位。 一、引言 (一)地方性商业银行“蓝海战略”的提出 “蓝海战略”(Blue Ocean Strategy)最早是由W.钱.金(W. ChanKim)和勒妮.莫博涅(Renee Mauborgne)于2005年2月在二人合著的《蓝海战略》一书中提出。如果我们把整个市场想象成海洋～这个海洋由红色海洋和蓝色海洋组成～红海代表现今存在 的所有产业～这是我们已知的市场空间,蓝海则代表当今还不存在的产业～这就是未知的市场空间。用简单的话来解释:红海就是红色的大海～防鲨网的范围之内～水质混浊～营养贫乏～但是人很多～在这个小圈围之内不能出围～人人都竞争激烈,而相对蓝海就是蓝色的大海～防鲨网之外海之深处～水质和营养物都很好很丰富～范围也相当广泛～竞争的人也少～蓝海竞争胜者将得到比红海多得多的利益。那么所谓的“蓝海战略”就不难理解了～“蓝海战略”其实就是企业超越传统产业竞争、开创全新市场的企业战略。 如今这个新的经济理念～正得到全球工商企业界的关注。“蓝海战略”认为～聚焦于红海等于接受了商战的限制性因素～即在有限的土地上求胜～却忽略商业世界开创新市场的可能。运用“蓝海战略”～视线将超越竞争对手移向买方需求～跨越现有竞争边界～将不同市场的买方价值元素筛选并重新排序～从给定结构下的定位选择向改变市场结构本身转变。“蓝海战略”要求企业突破传统的血腥竞争所形成的“红海”～拓展新的非竞争性的市场空间。与已有的～通常呈收缩趋势的竞争市场需求不同～“蓝海战略”考虑的是如何创造需求～突破竞争。“蓝海战略”的目标是在当前已知市场空间的“红海”竞争之外～构筑系统性的、可操作的战略～并加以执行。只有这样～企业才能以明智和负责的方式拓展蓝海领域～同时实现机会的最大化和风险的最小化。任 何一家企业～无论其规模大小～是已有的行业企业～还是新进入该行业的企业～都不应～也不能过度冒险。 “红海”是竞争极端激烈的市场～但“蓝海”也不是一个没有竞争的领域～而是一个通过差异化手段获胜的崭新的市场领域。在这里～企业凭借其创新能力获得更快的增长和更高的利润。因此～对于商业银行而言～要寻找激烈同质化竞争下的“蓝海”战略～将主要体现在金融产品的差异化定位上。差异化战略最早由哈佛商学院教授迈克尔〃波特提出。他指出所谓差异化战略～是指使企业产品、服务、企业形象等与竞争对手有明显的区别～以获得竞争优势而采取的战略。按照波特教授的一般性企业竞争战略原则去思考一些中国银行业的战略定位问题～不难看出～有效的差异化战略能够帮助银行摆脱同质化竞争的压力～提高利润水平～赢得细分市场的客户～从而最终为银行在竞争中赢得优势。2010年～不论是监管层面还是全国城市商业银行发展论坛第十次会议～都提出了城市商业银行差异化发展的要求。 (二)地方性商业银行的天然竞争劣势决定了其“蓝海战略”的选择 地方性商业银行的“蓝海战略”选择～其实也是一种无奈之举。因为和国有及股份制大型商业银行相比～地方性中小商业银行的天然竞争劣势是显而易见的。这些竞争劣势主要体现在以下几个方面: 1.自身固有的缺陷是其处于竞争劣势的根本 一是规模化不足。机构设臵上的局限使得地方性商业银行资产规模小、竞争能力弱、抗风险能力差～不仅导致其经营风险高～而且阻碍、牵制业务开拓发展。地方性商业银行由于规模小、网点少、营业额低.业务开发成本无法分摊～因此制约其科技水平的改善～也制约着其业务的发展和风险的化解～使得地方性商业银行竞争力不强～生存困难～存款有进一步向国有大银行集中的趋势。地方性商业银行与国有商业银行的改革和发展没有配套～国有商业银行按照改革和发展的要求～正在从一些地区和领域让出部分市场空间～而地方性商业银行的设立和发展却没有相应地连动起来。 二是市场定位不准。地方性商业银行“克隆”了国有商业银行的常见弊端～即“大银行病”～其直接影响是使其失去了地方性商业银行的特色与优势～经营成本上升。当我国地方性商业银行普遍追求“做大”、企图抛弃“中小概念”时～在西方发达经济国家～地方性商业银行却是广泛存在且高效运作的。尤其是一些地方性商业银行已呈现出与国有商业银行高度雷同的现象～特别是市场定位的趋同性～已经把地方性商业银行带入“死胡同”。由于地方性商业银行坚持跟随型战略～没有自己的经营特色～因此～至今无论从区域上～还是从产品上～甚至在某一单项业务上～都无法打破四大国有商业银行的垄断格局～没有形成自己的发展特色。尤其是近几年来～国有商业银行加快了改革和转轨步伐～ 并将业务发展重点转移到了中心城市～使得地方性商业银行业务开拓更加艰难。 三是内部治理结构不合理。地方性商业银行自身内部治理结构不合理～内控机制不健全～缺乏有效的监督机制～董事长往往超越职权～干预业务经营～使金融机构蜕变为某个企业的融资窗口,经营者素质普遍偏低～从业人员素质参差不齐～技术老化～知识结构失衡～高水平人才匮乏～很难适应现代金融业发展的要求～制约了大部分地方性商业银行的管理创新、业务创新和技术创新的能力。 四是缺乏市场定价权。由于国有商业银行与地方性商业银行在规模上的巨大悬殊对比～导致地方性商业银行在利率定价上缺乏足够的话语权。并且随着我国利率市场化进程的加快～这一问题将会更加明显。由于资金价格的保本点与资金规模的大小关联极大～即资金规模越大～资金价格保本点越低～这样国有商业银行在资金价格上的优势显而易见～国有商业银行可以利用利率的浮动区间合法地冲击地方性商业银行的资金价格。 2.外部环境的缺失进一步加剧了其劣势地位 一是政府的干预过多。由于地方性商业银行的地方属性比较浓厚～大多是由地方政府控股～在现行体制下～各级地方政府为了多上项目～以促进本地区的经济发展～往往对地方性商业银行的项目调查、信贷决策等经营活动直接干预～导致决策失误～造成资产质量低下～资产流动性差等后果。另外～政府主导的组建 模式使地方性商业银行承受较重的历史包袱～资产质量先天不足。部分地方性商业银行经营状况呈恶性化之势～表现为资不抵债、巨额亏损、坏账严重、管理松弛等。这其中不排除社会经济及银行自身经营水平等多种因素的影响～但关键的原因是政府主导的强制性变迁～特别是政府强制进行的城市商业银行的组建模式。 二是政策性限制过多。首先～在市场准入方面～存在准入标准的软约束问题～特别是对于地方性商业银行设立异地分支机构这种市场准入的限制～很容易形成对国有银行低效率的保护。其次～在业务运营上～监管部门按照国有商业银行的经营范围限定中小商业银行的经营业务～实际上锁定了中小商业银行的发展轨道～限制了中小商业银行因地制宜进行业务创新的能力。最后～调控政策的“一刀切”也容易“误伤”地方性商业银行。例如2010年以来的贷款规模限制政策～把处于快速发展期的地方性商业银行和处于稳定发展期的国有银行同等对待～造成地方性商业银行在存款快速增长的情况下～却苦于贷款规模限制而不能发放贷款～结果是存贷比严重偏低～影响其经营效益～对地方性商业银行的发展起到了严重制约作用。 三是历史原因造成的信用环境缺失。由于国有商业银行打着“国字号”招牌做后盾～造成了对地方性商业银行的信用歧视。尤其是历史上一些中小地方性金融机构的关停整顿更是损害了地方性商业银行的信用形象～舆论宣传也未能从正面、积极的角 度进行报道。这些都造成了社会公众对地方性商业银行的信任危机。这样信用环境也对地方性商业银行的业务发展造成了一定影响。 正是由于上述原因～才使地方性中小商业银行迫切需要在当前激烈的竞争中寻找自己的“蓝海”～并使之成为今后经营发展中的重要战略选择。本文通过对济宁银行“小微”信贷进行详细剖析～来探索地方性商业银行是如何充分发挥地方性中小银行的优势～通过差异化竞争来制定经营发展中的“蓝海”战略。 二、济宁银行的“小微信贷” 济宁银行的前身是济宁市城市信用社～2006年正式改制为“济宁市商业银行”～2009年～为进一步拓展业务需要～又更名为“济宁银行”。该行自成立以来～为改变地方性商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中的先天劣势地位～确定了差异化、特色化的发展战略。其指导思想为:在金融监管部门的监督、指导下～在前期发展基础上～结合当地经济发展状况～构建系统的差异化、特色化经营体系～以“市场差异化、产品差异化、服务差异化”为主要内涵～分层推进、逐步实施～转变发展方式～全面推进差异化、特色化战略转型。尤其是该行的“小微”信贷产品～推出后受到了广大私营小企业主的青睐～产品发展迅速。 “小微”信贷～顾名思义就是对“小微”企业及个体工商户业主发放的贷款。2010年7月份以来～济宁银行通过与德仕金融公司合作～引进国际先进的小额贷款管理技术～成立解放路小 微企业贷款专营支行～全面实施“小微信贷工厂”项目～为个体工商户、小企业开辟“阳光”融资渠道～推动以小微贷款为核心的发展战略目标转型。根据小微企业、个体工商户“短、频、急”的贷款需求特点～设计推出了5千元-50万元的特色化小微贷款产品。对于贸易流通型小微企业～贷款利率执行15%的标准,对于生产型企业～贷款利率执行13.2%的标准。通过提供优质高效的服务～积极塑造小微贷款专营支行个性鲜明的形象和品牌。自2010年10月11日开办小微贷款以来～到2011年4月末～已累计发放小微贷款726笔～累放金额7416万元。贷款余额5776万元～实现利息收入191万元。主要做法: (一)打造小微信贷管理模式 按照《中国银监会关于银行建立小业金融服务专营机构的指导意见》要求～成立小企业贷款专营支行～单独核算贷款风险、利润与成本～主要为小微企业提供授信服务。设立隶属于总行直接管理的小微企业贷款中心～由专营支行的行长、副行长兼任小微企业贷款中心的主任、副主任～对小微信贷进行条线管理。以简单、高效为二级机构设臵原则～依托县市区支行派驻信贷团队～复制小微贷款管理技术模式～扩大小微贷款业务覆盖面～增强县市区的竞争力和影响力。根据小微贷款工作目标和特点～建立《小微贷款业务流程》、《小微贷款业务工作质量管理手册》、《小微信贷员绩效考核办法》等～在市场开拓与客户选择、 信贷团队设臵与人员配备、贷款额度的配比与投向等方面实现独立决策～确保小微贷款业务封闭运行。 (二)创新小微贷款技术 制定了“全流程风险管理”模式～全力打造“小微信贷工厂”项目。以专业化的信贷团队～标准化的服务流程～让客户在3-5个工作日即可获得贷款的机会。小微贷款的推出～为广大小工商业主开辟了一个“阳光”的融资渠道。小微贷款主要流程见图1所示: 1.营销宣传多元化。在利用出租车、公交车以及各支行网点进行经常性宣传的基础上～通过齐鲁晚报、济宁广播电台等媒体网络宣传介绍小微贷款产品～并积极参与“青年创业大赛”等组织活动～不断扩大宣传面。同时～制定市场营销～分区域、分步骤～持续不懈地抓好专业市场及商场的营销工作。信贷员每人每周“扫街”营销的平均时间达到6.6小时以上～每月客户申请量近200笔。多方位的营销宣传不仅让小微贷款迅速推向市场～而且打响了济宁银行的知名度。 2.客户申请明确化。初次接触客户～首先看客户是否为长期居住且每月有稳定现金流的标准客户。通过询问客户的经营类型、偿还能力、贷款目的、提供担保等重要信息～在5分钟内做出综合分析判断。符合条件后～协助让客户在15分钟内填写好贷款申请表～并约定现场调查时间及客户应准备的事宜。 3.调查分析时效化。信贷员接到信贷主管分配的贷款申请表～做好贷前准备。开展现场调查分析～必须在2个小时内完成对申请人及共同借款的实地考察～并对经营指标做出逻辑校验,调查后1个工作日内～以自主开发的财务简表、逻辑检验表、不对称偏差分析图为核心～还原客户真实经营情况～形成图表形式的调查报告～提交贷审会备案。 4.贷款审批透明化。贷审会实行双人审批、一票否决制度～有权审批人随机组合～随时开会～随时审批。每笔贷款做到30分钟内完成审批。客户一笔贷款业务～只需跑2次银行～一次是 到银行提交申请～另一次决定发放贷款时来签合同～其他环节都是由信贷员找客户～让客户省时、省力、省事、省心的获得贷款机会。 5.贷后监控的常规化。放款后15天～信贷员完成实地监控～前3次实地监控时限不得大于3个月。同时采用非标准监控方式。 6.风险定价机制独立化。细分市场和客户～推出不同类型的小微贷款产品～按照不同风险、不同经营方式等条件～实行差别利率。 7.业务操作电子化。研发小微企业贷款管理系统～完善统计查询、收益计算、预警等功能～并通过与核心-系统对接～完成收入和成本的记账～实现独立核算。 (三)实施正向激励机制 一是实施团队PK活动。在做好绩效考核的同时～制定了《微贷中心团队月度“PK”办法(试行)》～根据团队任务完成率按月进行排名～对月度进入前三名的团队给予物质奖励～颁发流动锦旗。并对业绩突出、进入前三名的信贷员分别给予一定的物质奖励。通过PK活动～增强信贷团队的凝聚力和战斗力～营造了人人奋勇争先、不甘落后的良好氛围。 二是建立信贷员后三名勉励谈话制度。对月末业务进度排行榜中后三名的信贷员～由微贷中心管理人员与其一同分析业务进展缓慢的原因～寻找差距～并提出相应的改进～通过面对面、 心与心的沟通～为信贷员加油打气～帮助其克服困难、树立信心、释放压力～共同寻找业务发展的突破口。 三是建立信贷员评估制度。由顾问和微贷中心管理人员组成评估小组～对每个信贷员前期的工作情况进行了评估～根据评估成果指导信贷团队有的放矢地开展业务工作。 (四)强化贷款风险防控 一是认真落实《质量管理考核办法》～规范内部运作秩序～强化检查监督～对管理对象形成一种刚性约束。 二是严格执行贷后监控制度～要求信贷员务必在规定的时间内核实客户贷款用途～认真填写贷后监控表。对客户未履行贷款用途的～应及时上报风险管理委员会说明情况。并组织人员对市区3个团队的贷后监控情况进行了抽查～对检查发现的问题进行了通报。通过严密的监控制度～让信贷员与贷款客户加深沟通了解.逐步建立起良好的信用合作关系。 三是高度重视逾期处臵工作～成立逾期追讨小组～分组模拟客户逾期追讨的情景～根据客户赖账的特点～发扬不急不躁、不到南墙不回头的精神～做到有理、有据、有礼、有序的开展逾期追讨工作。 (五)塑造小微信贷文化 小微信贷要实现可持续健康发展～必须加强特色的小微信贷文化建设～发挥“文化引领”的作用～以文化提升服务品质～进 而树立良好的外部形象。在实践中通过组织开展一系列追求卓越活动～不断丰富独特的文化内涵。每周召开团队主管视频会议～分析、解决近期存在的问题～形成电子文本的会议纪要～下发至各团队指导开展工作,按月召开主管现场会议～分享团队管理经验～通报月度工作开展情况及下一月度工作重点,按季召开信贷员沟通互动会～选派各团队信贷员代表～畅谈各自工作的经验、想法、困惑或建议。通过文化的不断渗透～培养了员工“忠诚、审慎、责任”的核心价值观～使小微贷款“专业、便捷、高效、廉明”的服务形象深入人心。 三、济宁银行“小微信贷”与其他类型企业放贷绩效比较 (一)小微信贷的放贷绩效对比 从济宁银行小微信贷产品的特点我们可以看出～小微信贷产品由于利率定价较高:对贸易流通型企业执行15%的利率标准～对生产型企业执行13.2%的利率标准～而且由于收益较高的贸易流通型企业在实际目标客户中所占比重更高～所以该产品有别于一般信贷品种～具有较高收益的特点。但是与此同时～由于小微信贷的单笔放资金额较小～小微信贷产品的各类成本支出也比其他信贷品种成本要高。这也使得小微信贷产品“高收入、高支出”特性非常突出。为进一步了解小微信贷的绩效情况～来验证小微信贷是否可以成为地方中小商业银行发展中的利润“蓝海”～我们采用的方法是:通过对济宁市当地商业银行对各类企业发放的 贷款收入和支出情况进行调查～把不同类型企业放贷绩效进行对比～验证小微信贷是否具有较高的放贷绩效。 从表1可以看出～在对三种类型的企业:大型、中小型和小微企业发放贷款进行绩效对比后～可以非常明显的看出:一是在放贷收入上～小微信贷具有非常明显的优势～每千万元贷款～小微信贷可以平均获得148万元的利息收入～远远高于中小企业的88.15万元和大型企业的75.34万元的平均利息收入。二是在成本支出上～小微信贷(56.3万元)高于大型企业放贷支出(46万元)～低于中小企业放贷支出(58.4万元)。如果考虑到济宁银行的小微信贷进入成熟期后～其内部资金拆借成本会提升到一个正常水平～那么小微信贷的成本支出水平在三者中是最高的～但成本的增加幅度主要体现在人员工资水平上(小微信贷需要的信贷人员较多)。三是从净收益上看～小微信贷的每千万元放贷净收益(91.7万元)明显高于其他两种类型的企业～而且～从表中可以看到～中小企业虽然在放贷净收益上排在第二位～但和大型企业相比并没有显著差别。这主要是因为对中小企业的放贷利率和大型企业相比并没有高出多少～而支出的工资成本和风险覆盖成本却比较高(注:以上比较均未考虑其他支出成本)。综上所述～由于较高的利率定价和增加幅度并不大的支出成本～小微信贷的放贷绩效优势是非常明显的。 (二)影响小微信贷放贷绩效的变量分析 以上结论～是假定目前影响各种类型企业放贷绩效的各种因素不变的情况下得出的。不过～在以上各种因素中～在其他变量基本不会发生大的变化的情况下～可能会影响小微信贷产品收益的最大变量有两个:一是规模～二是不良贷款率。在小微信贷产品开展初期～由于前期投入较高～业务未得到充分发展之前～该 产品有可能会出现亏损～但随着产品的逐步成熟及信贷规模的不断扩大～规模不足这一问题会很快得以解决。除此之外～可能会影。向放贷绩效的另外一个最为重要的因素就是不良贷款率。在表1中～不良贷款率的变化会显著影响不良贷款的变化～从而显著影响风险覆盖成本。当小微信贷的高利率定价所带来的额外收益不能弥补不良贷款的增加所带来的损失时～小微信贷的放贷绩效会明显回落～甚至可能会造成亏损。因此～风险控制是否得力成为小微信贷能否会持续发展并成为济宁银行实施“蓝海战略”的重要依据。从调查情况来看～济宁银行建立在引进德国技术基础之上的小微信贷产品～具有比较明显的风险控制能力～主要体现在: 一是先进的技术和数据库积累是风险控制的保证。引进的这套德国技术除在德国经受住时间的检验并证明确实可行外～在我国个别地区地方商业银行的推广也得到了成功～如在包头和常熟等地区的推广也取得了非常好的效果～不良贷款率均能控制在一个极低的水平～证明这套技术具有较先进的技术和可靠的数据库积累。 二是对细节的注重降低了风险发生的概率。虽然由于商业机密等原因～我们无法一窥这套德国技术的全貌～但是通过对信贷员放贷过程的跟踪调查～可以看出～小微信贷对细节是非常注重的。在放贷过程中～对诸如私营小企业主家庭是否和睦～是否常 住～和亲戚朋友的关系及借贷情况均进行一定程度的关注和调查～这也对贷款风险发生概率的评估和授信起到一定作用。 三是现场调查保证了各项财务数据的最大真实程度。和一般信贷品种不同～小微信贷不需要借款人提供各类财务报表和数据～而是由信贷员进行现场调查并编制财务报表～信贷员对借款人的存货、进货单、供货单等均进行现场核实～最大程度保证了所编制的财务数据的真实性～为放贷提供尽可能可靠的依据。 四、地方性商业银行“蓝海”战略定位的基础:信息成本优势与资源优势 通过对济宁银行小微信贷的案例进行分析～我们可以得出这样一个结论:“蓝海”经营策略的发展战略定位～是地方性商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中存活并发展的根本经营之道～对解决我国地方性商业银行的先天劣势具有很强的借鉴意义。通过进一步分析我们可以看出～地方性商业银行的特有的“信息成本”优势与“资源”优势是选择“蓝海战略”定位、实施“差异化”经营的基础。 (一)地方性商业银行在收集中小企业的信息上具有得天独厚的成本优势～为他们开展差异化经营奠定了基础 因为受规模所限～区域化经营是地方性商业银行的一个基本策略～所以地方性商业银行的地缘性基本上都很强。这种地域或区域优势使地方性商业银行对本地区小微企业的各种信息～从企业经营状况到企业经理和所有者的能力与信用、从静态信息到动 态信息都能比较及时获得～其信用调查成本要比大银行低,另一方面～地方性商业银行通过与小微企业之间的长期互动而形成关系型信贷过程中所需要的具有人格化特征的“软信息”～也具有大银行不可比拟的优势～从而使地方性商业银行的信息搜寻成本进一步降低。除此之外～中小金融机构的经理大多是在当地社会有相当关系网络～也都是地区的社会精英～尤其在企业界和各级地方政府的人脉较广～因此他们能为地方性商业银行的资金寻找到潜在的信贷客户。特别是在中国～由于有家乡情结、亲朋的顾虑～借款者的违约风险较低。虽然大银行在地方上也设有分支机构～但其决策人员多由上级行派出～这些经理与地方的精神联系不能与地方性商业银行相提并论。因而与客户联系不够密切～难以通过人际关系渠道吸引潜在的客户～并且风险较高。由于地方性商业银行局限于区域内经营～因而区域内如有某个发生违约～信息会在狭小的范围内非常敏感且受人关注～信息的传播速度极快～从而形成低成本的有效社会监督。而且～区域内的中小企业和地方性商业银行为了能够在区域内长期生存共同发展～中小企业与中小金融机构基于共同的利益～倾向于长期互惠合作～因而在合作组织中的中小企业之间～企业和银行会形成一个信息交流网络～有利于双方互相的监管督查。 (二)小微企业的市场潜力～是地方性商业银行进一步发展的“资源”优势 数据表明～中小和小微企业的市场潜力并不亚于大型企业。2010年末～济宁市的民营经济发展到33.0万户～增长2.1%。其中民营企业2.9万户～增长9.9%,个体工商户30.1万户～增长1.4%。从业人员达到187.3万人～增长3.9%,注册资金486.3亿元～增长14.1%,资产总值达2208.1亿元～增长10.1%。全市民营经济的税收贡献额占到全市税收收入的59.3%～已超过全市总税收的半壁江山。多数小企业和个体工商户融资需求旺盛～为小微信贷提供了丰富的客户资源。因此～避开与大中型银行的同质竞争～也避开了把自己推向“傍大款、垒大户”的“独木桥”～更规避了因贷款集中度过高而导致的流动性风险。所以～地方性商业银行通过增强对小企业金融服务重要性的认识～“不与大银行抢市场、争客户”～将小企业作为基本的客户群体～把信贷业务发展战略重点转移到服务小微企业上面～可以更好地利用其小企业的“资源”优势得到进一步发展。 四、几点结论 通过对济宁银行小微信贷案例的剖析～可以得出以下几个结论: 一是地方性中小商业银行先天劣势决定了必须要选择“蓝海战略”定位～实施差异化竞争策略。从济宁银行的经营发展之路我们可以看出～避开和国有以及股份制等大型商业银行的同质化竞争～利用地方性商业银行独有的优势～通过实施“蓝海战略” 定位～走“差异化”经营之路～才能保证地方性中小银行得以快速发展并在和“大银行”的竞争中保持自己的优势。 二是地方性中小商业银行可以利用其特有的信息和资源优势～在细分领域的差异化竞争中实施“蓝海战略”。地方性中小商业银行的天生地域性就像一把双刃剑～虽然具有明显的规模不足导致的抗风险能力较差的劣势～但是这种地域性也使地方性中小商业银行具有“大银行”所不具有的信息和资源优势。能够做到扬长避短～充分利用自己的优势～正是地方性商业银行实施蓝海战略的基础。 三是地方性中小商业银行能够实施“蓝海战略”的核心是对风险的控制～良好的风险控制体系是决定其“蓝海战略”能够持续发展的基石。由于实施“蓝海战略”一般具有“高收益、高风险”的特性～因此如何有效控制战略实施中的风险成为“蓝海战略”能否成功的关键。反过来看～“蓝海战略”的选择～由于在经营上与大多数商业银行的“非同质化”～在某种程度上～甚至可以削弱系统性风险如金融风暴等带来的冲击～有利于增强地方性银行的“非规模化”的抗风险能力。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.