社科文献英译

15 科学之编史学传统比较 赵克(上海社会科学院哲学研究所,上海 200235) 摘要:“科学”一词的语义差异,源自该语词的语境差异。从编史学角度,借助国标与分类学之阶元分类法有助于对科学的编史学传统进行定位。这些传统受“科学观”和“历史观”的双重影响并对科学史的主题与论域产生影响。通过定位比较明:兰克的编史学传统,是非科学史传统;与繁荣的分科史相比,萨顿的综合史传统后继乏人;黙顿的断代科学史传统,是社会学传统;李约瑟的科学史传统,是文明史传统;柯瓦雷的思想史传统,是人文传统;除兰克传统外,其他所有传统虽然全部对科学史学科的形成和发展做出了贡献,但是都既未能形成与专业科学史的有效对话,又都未能有效沟通两种文化。相比之下,雅默的思想史传统既克服了各传统的缺点又具有新的优点,成为科学编史学领域融合性较好的纲领。 关键词:纲领;传统;编史学;科学史 15 A Comparative Study on the Tradition of Historiography in Science ZHAO Ke (Institute of Philosophy , Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200235, China) Abstract: T he difference in the semantic meaning of the word science is derived from the different contexts of the word applied. In historiography, the taxonomy of order depended on international and taxonomic category help to position the traditions of Historiography in Science.These traditions are affected by the views in science and history, and have an effect on the theme and the sector of history of science. This positioning comparison shows: Ranke's aim was to study scientific spirit and method in history, not about the history of natural science; Sarton's comprehensive scientific history compared by the flourishing branches scientific history, lack worthy successors; Merton's tradition of dating in the history of science is a sociological tradition; Needham's tradition is one in civilization;Koyré's tradition of idea is a humanistic traditions. Though all the traditions made contribution to the formation and development of the study of scientific history, all failed to form an effective dialogue or build an effective bridge for the communication of the two cultures, except for Ranke's traditions. In contrast, Jammer's work, which not only overcame the shortcomings of all the traditions but had new advantages over them, was the most successful one and become quite a good program in scientific historiography field. Keywords: program; tradition; historiography; history of science