喝酒时抽烟对人体的危害

喝酒时抽烟对人体的危害 一、 实验目的: 1、 了解喝酒时抽烟对人体的危害; 2、 了解白酒中的甲醛与烟草中尼古丁混合对人体产生的危 害; 3、 了解酒中甲醛的提取过程; 4、 熟悉烟草中尼古丁的收集; 5、 了解人抽烟过程中尼古丁聚集的地方。 二、 实验设计意义: 甲醛(HCHO)是一种较高毒性的物质，是致癌和致畸形的重要物质，其浓度在每立方米空气中达0.06-0.07?,?时，儿童就会发生轻微气喘，达到30?,?时，会立即较人死亡。甲醛的毒性比甲醇大,,倍，比甲酸大6倍，能使蛋白质凝固，研究表明,,克甲醛可使人死亡，长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起慢性呼吸道疾病，严重影响人体健康。酒中含有低剂量甲醛，伪劣酒中甲醛含量高些，所以长期饮酒对人生命有coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 不好影响。 尼古丁是杂环化合物，是烟草中的重要有害成分，会使人上瘾或产生依赖性，人们通常难以克制自己，重复使用尼古丁会增加心脏速度和升高血压并降低食欲。大剂量的尼古丁会引起呕吐以及恶心，严重时人会死亡。抽一支烟可以使全身微血管痉挛2小时，连续抽烟则可使全身血管长期处于痉挛状态。长期抽烟则尼古丁等毒素破坏微血管粘膜，致使脂质沉积、内膜变性、管腔狭窄、弹性下降，而使动脉硬化。 总之，长期吸烟有害身体健康，长期饮酒对人体危害亦不小。但是事实如此，有的人对烟酒还是未能离弃。吸烟、饮酒随处可见。调查研究发现，很多人在饮酒时还带上吸烟，从某种意义上说，这种行为严重印象身体健康，轻者可致呕吐，重者可致死亡。长期喝酒抽烟对生命是慢性毒杀。本实验的意义在于研究甲醛与尼古丁在某种环境下反应生成的物质，该物质对人体有很大的危害，该物质存在后，告诫人们喝酒时别抽烟，尊爱生命，健康成长，顺利完成来人间的这一段路，别被该物质慢慢谋杀，夺去了这得之不易的生命。 三、 研究设计的背景与依据: 此实验研究是源于生活，经常有报道称喝酒而亡者，也有报道称吸烟而亡者，但不能就说他们酒精中毒而亡，亦不能就说是尼古丁中毒而亡，可能是此二者在人体内某种条件下coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 生产了对人体有害的物质，抹杀了生命，结束了一生。《南方农村报报道》湛江市麻章区区长陆燕朋喝酒抽烟中毒，后经17天抢救，因抢救无效，在昏迷17天后于7月30日上午去世。(2009年8月1日《南方农村报》)。自己实验多次，认为甲醛与尼古丁在某种条件下能生成某种有害物质。已经有研究证明尼古丁有抑制性激素分泌及杀伤精子的作用，同时烟草毒素可阻碍精子和卵子的结合，大大降低了妇女的受孕机会。研究表明:一支香烟所含的尼古丁可毒死一只小白鼠，20支香烟中的尼古丁可毒死一头牛。 虽目前无人能有力的证实这一现象，但也不能断定这两种物质同时进入人体，在一定条件下进行反应的。由于当今社会喝酒抽烟损害人群健康现象日益加剧，此实验研究设计致力于发掘喝酒的同时吸烟会对人体产生的害处，对人群的健康有着积极的作用。 虽然目前此实验研究设计无着力的证据，此类研究也无人证实。但甲醛与尼古丁围绕着我们，即便不抽烟喝酒，空气中也漂浮着此二种物质，在某种情况下含量过高，有了条件而反应，可称之无名中毒，可见尼古丁与甲醛对生命的危害是不可忽视的，我们的积极探索与研究。依据在于平凡的生活，每次被尼古丁与甲醛夺取的生命。 四、 研究的实验原理。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 尼古丁是杂环化合物，弱碱性，可和酸性气体反应，也可被氧气氧化，尼古丁是二元生物弱碱。甲醛熔点-92?，沸点-21?，液态时的密度为0.815克/3厘米(20?)，易溶于水和乙醇。乙醇密度:0.789 g/?; (液) 熔点:?114.3 ?C (158.8 K) 沸点:78.4 ?C (351.6 K)，酒中有害成分丙醇沸点97 ?C，乙戊醇131?C。加热白酒,,?C左右，酒中甲醛会挥发。 CHCOCHCOOCH+HCHO?(氨水，弱碱条件)?加入乙3225 酸(降低PH=7.0)?加入正己烷(提取) 4Cu SO4+8NaOH+HCHO? (?)CO2?+2Cu2O?+5H2O+4Na2SO4生成砖红色沉淀。 C5NH4-C4H7NCH3+2NaHSO4?Na2SO4+盐?(+2NaOH)?尼古丁+Na2SO4 用NaOH洗脱 甲醛+酚试剂?嗪?(酸性条件高铁离子) 化合物(兰绿色) 根据颜色深浅，比色定量(高效液相色谱法)。 尼古丁+甲醛?(铅) 尼古丁+甲醛?(HCl) 五、 研究的实验步骤: 1、 酒中甲醛的提取。 取5份半斤白酒置于锥形瓶中，分别置于70?C水浴箱中加热，取5份编号为1、2、3、4、5的5ML乙酰乙酸乙酯和2ml氨水混合液分别收集甲醛。30分钟后。收集完成，向5组中加coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 入乙酸将PH降至7.0加入正己烷提取。向第一组中加入硫酸 铜与氢氧化钠，观察。 2、 烟中尼古丁的提取: 将6只烟抽尽后取下烟头，2只一组的置于编号6、7、8的 10ML硫酸氢钠溶液中，5分钟后，取出烟头，用镊子挤干， 分别向6、7、8组试管中加入10ML氢氧化钠溶液。 3、 将6与2的溶液混合，摇匀，静置3分钟，加入硫酸铜 与氢氧化钠混合液，观察颜色变化。 4、 将3与7的溶液混合，摇匀加入2ML盐酸(胃酸)，静 置2分钟加入硫酸铜与氢氧化钠的混合液，观察颜色变 化。 5、 将4加入酚试剂，酸性条件下加入高铁离子。5与8混 匀，加入酚试剂，酸性条件下高铁离子。比较两组颜色 深浅，比色定量。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 六、 研究可能遇见的问题及解决。 1、 酒中甲醛含量少，不易收集 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 2、 70?C水浴加热白酒时，收集到的除了甲醛外，还有很多酒中挥发性物质，可用冷凝管收集，减少收集甲醛的杂质含量。 3、收集到的甲醛含量少，加入指示剂显色不意看清，可垫上白色并且亮的东西下观察。 4、收集尼古丁时，提取烟头，烟头上带有大量尼古丁，要用镊子充分挤干。 5、最后的比色定量，颜色深浅不易辨别，可用高效液相色谱法辨别。 七、 研究特色与创新之处。 本实验接近生活，与人的生命健康息息相关，可谓是特色关爱健康，本质在于热爱生命。实验源于生活，依据在于平凡的烟酒对伟大生命的屠杀。创新在于不被人们留意的平凡的烟酒合起来对无价生命的损害，平凡的生活习惯谋杀了无价的生命，谓之热爱生命、关爱健康的平凡亦能称创新。 八、 预期研究结果。 1、1号试管收集的甲醛能使指示剂变色; 2、尼古丁与甲醛在一定条件下反应，生成对人体有害的某种物质，指示剂加入后比色定量，颜色变浅，甲醛量变少。 九、 经费预算。 3斤白酒30元+1包烟5元+NaOH 硫酸铜等化学物质 共计100元左右。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 十、 心得与体会。 此实验设计为创新实验，所谓创新，就是以新思维、新发明和新描述为特征的一种概念化过程。通过此次举行的创新实验设计，提高了学生的动手能力、思考能力以及团队协作能力，开阔学生的视野，为以后工作与研究探索了思维。 我们组的实验室将白酒中提取的甲醇与烟中提取的尼古丁分别在各种情况下反应。用指示剂检验反应后甲醛的含量。探索甲醛与尼古丁在人体内生成某种物质，威胁着人的生命。我们翻阅了一些有关尼古丁与甲醛各方面的书籍资料，拟定了此次试验设计。创新实验中，我学会了创新实验要认真仔细，但不能太死板、生搬硬套，要思维灵活，不拘泥于书本上的东西;对自己的创新思维坚持不懈，不能烦躁、半途而废;遇到困难时，要认真解决。 总之，我非常感谢学校和有关部门能够提供这样一个可以提供自身能力、开拓自己创新思维、探索研究的机会，感谢老师对我们的指导和教育，感谢团队的成员不懈的探索研究。 十一、参考资料。 泰州新闻，报道了兴化狄垛镇村长喝酒抽烟而亡。 《西陆网》尼古丁对人体的危害。 网易新闻。 2009年8月1日《南方农村报》。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave,