舒张压高(Diastolic pressure)
舒张压高(Diastolic pressure)
Diastolic pressure is the minimum value of arterial pressure at the end of diastole when the chamber is relaxed and the aortic pressure drops, also known as "low pressure."". The normal blood pressure in hypertensive patients is within 140-90. The most important and direct factor of the diastolic pressure is the high resistance of the peripheral vessels. In a sense, it is more dangerous than the high pressure. In addition to the small resistance of the peripheral vascular lumen, the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle can also significantly alter vascular resistance. In primary hypertension, the resistance is increased by increasing the caliber of resistance vessels, increasing the volume of pressor substances, and increasing the resistance to peripheral blood vessels, leading to increased diastolic blood pressure. Cerebral ischemia, high salt diet and stress can lead to sympathetic nerve activity, promote the release of norepinephrine, and activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, resulting in increased diastolic blood pressure. Loss of blood, shock, or secretion of some hormones promoting the contraction of the blood vessels caused by the endocrine tumor syndrome.
Diastolic pressure is high, indicating that the wall of the vessel is poor in elasticity. When the person is old, the elasticity of the large artery drops, and the same systolic pressure can relieve the tension, and the pressure is especially high. When diastolic heart does not maintain diastolic blood pressure effectively, the elasticity of the large artery decreases in elderly patients, which is characterized by simple systolic hypertension, mainly because
of the elasticity of the great arteries.
Medication
A beta blocker is preferred, such as propranolol, atenolol, Mei TORO M, betaxolol, pindolol etc.;
Two, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), such as Kato Pury, Benner Pury, Bea Knapp Leigh, fosinopril, perindopril etc.;
Three, angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB), when ACEI is not tolerated, ARB can significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality and mortality, such as valsartan, losartan, candesartan and so on;
Four, calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, nimodipine, nitrendipine, amlodipine, felodipine etc.,
Five, diuretics and other drugs, can be used according to the conditions of the patients, as appropriate, such as hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), furosemide, mannitol.
Of course, what kind of medicine or combination of these drugs need to be diagnosed by a hospital specialist.
Because diastolic blood pressure is higher, hypertension is more difficult to control than systolic blood pressure, so patients need to take medication on time. Reasonable diet, in order to reduce sodium salt, reduce dietary fat, and add appropriate amount of high-quality protein, supplement calcium
and potassium, eat more vegetables and fruits, quit smoking, drinking, drinking water as the principle.
Diet treatment
Diet should be light: advocate vegetarian based, vegetarian diet can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Therefore, patients with hypertension should be light diet, high vitamin, high fiber, high calcium, low fat, low cholesterol diet. The total fat is less than 30% of the total calories, and the protein accounts for about 15% of the total heat. Advocate to eat more roughage, grains, fresh vegetables, fruits, bean products, lean meat, fish, chicken and other foods, promote vegetable oil, eat less lard, greasy food and sugar, spicy, strong tea, coffee and so on. Related reading: high blood pressure can calcium?
Reduce the amount of salt: eating too much sodium is a pathogenic factor of hypertension, and controlling intake of sodium salt is good for lowering and stabilizing blood pressure. Clinical trials show that the daily dose of salt in hypertensive patients is reduced from 10.5 grams to 4.7 - 5.8 grams, which can reduce the systolic pressure by an average of 4 - 6 mmhg.
Smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence: tobacco and alcohol are the risk factors of hypertension. Smoking and alcohol may increase the risk of hypertension complicated by heart and cerebrovascular diseases, and alcohol can also reduce the reaction of patients to antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, people who have difficulty in quitting smoking, drinking or drinking alcohol should also limit their drinking.
Fourth, diet Festival: do three meals a day diet regularly quantitative, not too hungry, too full, not overeating. Every day to do the following arrangement: 250 carbohydrate diet - 350 grams (equivalent to 6 - 8 staple two), 400 - 500 grams of fresh vegetables, fruit 100 grams, cooking oil 20 - 25 grams, 250 grams of milk (ML), high protein food 3 (each 50 to 100 grams of lean meat,
Or egg 1, or tofu 100 grams, or chicken, duck 100 grams, or fish and shrimp 100 grams. 4~5 eggs per week are available.
Scientific drinking water: the hardness of water is closely related to the occurrence of hypertension. Research shows that contain more calcium and magnesium ions in hard water, which is an important regulator in vascular smooth muscle cells vasomotoricity if the lack of easy to make vascular spasm, resulting in increased blood pressure in hypertensive patients, therefore, try drinking hard water, such as spring water, deep water, natural mineral water etc..
Hypotensive food
The leafy vegetables: celery, chrysanthemum, amaranth, Shantou vegetables, leek, lily, Levin mustard and spinach;
The rhizome: wild rice, asparagus, radish, carrot, water chestnut, chestnut;
Fruits and melons: watermelon, wax gourd, tomato, hawthorn, lemon, banana, fruit, red dates, mulberry and eggplant;
Flowers, seeds, nuts: chrysanthemum, Apocynum, sesame, peas, beans, mung beans, corn, buckwheat, peanuts, watermelon seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, lotus seeds heart;
The aquatic products: kelp, seaweed, jellyfish, sea cucumber, green vegetables, seaweed, oysters, abalone, shrimp, whitebait;
The animal and other categories: milk (skim), pig bile, bezoar, honey, vinegar and soy products, black fungus, white fungus, letinous edodes.