职业道德的内涵与特点

职业道德的内涵与特点 职业道德的内涵与特点 一、职业道德定义 职业道德～是社会上占主导地位的道德或阶级道德在职业生活中的具体体现～是人们在履行本职工作中所遵循的行为准则和规范的总和。 二、职业道德主要内容 爱岗敬业～诚实守信～办事公道～服务群众～奉献社会。 职业道德的涵义包括以下八个方面: ,,,职业道德是一种职业规范～受社会普遍的认可。 ,,,职业道德是长期以来自然形成的。 ,？,职业道德没有确定形式～通常体现为观念、习惯、信念等。 ,,,职业道德 依靠文化、内心信念和习惯～通过员工的自律实现。 ,,,职业道德大多没有实质的约束力和强制力。 ,,,职业道德的主要内容是对员工义务的要求。 ,,,职业道德多元 化～代表了不同企业可能具有不同的价值观。 ,,,职业道德承载着企业文化和凝聚力～影响深远。 每个从业人员～不论是从事哪种职业～在职业活动中都要遵守道德。要理解职业道德需要掌握以下四点: 首先～在内容方面～职业道德总是要鲜明地表达职业义务、职业责任以及职业行为上的道德准则。它不是一般地反映社会道德和阶级道德的要求～而是要反映职业、行业以至产业特殊利益的要求,它不是在一般意义上的社会实践基础上形成的～而是在特定的职业实践的基础上形成的～因而它往往表现为某一职业特有的道德传统和道德习惯～表现为从事某一职业的人们所特有道德心理和道德品质。甚至造成从事不同职业的人们在道德品貌上的差异。如人们常说～某人有“军人作风”、“ 工人性格”、“农民意识”、“干部派头”、“学生味”、“学究气”、“商人习气”等、 intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision 其次～在表现形式方面:职业道德往往比较具体、灵活、多样。它总是从本职业的交流活动的实际出发～采用、守则、公约、承诺、誓言、条例～以至标语口号之类的形式～这些灵活的形式既易于为从业人员所接受和实行～而且易于形成一种职业的道德习惯。 再次～从调节的范围来看～职业道德一方面是用来调节从业人员内部关系～加强职业、行业内部人员的凝聚力,另一方面～它也是用来调节从业人员与其服务对象之间的关系～用来塑造本职业从业人员的形象。 最后～从产生的效果来看～职业道德既能使一定的社会或阶级的道德原则和规范的“职业化”～又使个人道德品质“成熟化”。职业道德虽然是在特定的职业生活中形成的～但它决不是离开阶级道德或社会道德而独立存在的道德类型。在阶级社会里～职业道德始终是在阶级道德和社会道德的制约和影响下存在和发展的,职业道德和阶级道德或社会道德之间的关系～就是一般与特殊、共性与个性之间的关系。任何一种形式的职业道德～都在不同程度上体现着阶级道德或社会道德的要求。同样～阶级道德或社会道德～在很大范围上都是通过具体的职业道德形式表现出来的。同时～职业道德主要表现在实际从事一定职业的成人的意识和行为中～是道德意识和道德行为成熟的阶段。职业道德与各种职业要求和职业生活结合～具有较强的稳定性和连续性～形成比较稳定的职业心理和职业习惯～以致在很大程度上改变人们在学校生活阶段和少年生活阶段所形成的品行～影响道德主体的道德风貌。 三、职业道德的特点 ,一,历史性与技术性 道德都具有历史性和社会性的特点。而职业道德的历史性表现得最为明显～或者说～职业道德的历史就是整个社会道德历史性的典型表现。技术性～说到底其实也是历史性。但是～历史性的变化～是以整个社会制度的根本属性的更替作为其发展阶段～如从奴隶社会过度到封建社会～从封建社会过度到资本主义社会。顺便说一句～职业道intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision 德产生的历史阶段～应该是奴隶社会这个时期。因为只有到了奴隶社会～才真正出现 了比较稳定和细致的社会分工～而不像原始社会那样～本质上只是根据人的性别决定生产领域的分工。这种历史性体现在一般道德领域～如家庭道德～其历史的变化几乎与社会历史阶段的发展相一致与相统一的。而职业道德在这种总的历史发展的要求下～又与科学技术和生产技术的发展程度产生关系。比如 ～资本主义社会～其生产技术的发展已经有了数次大的变革～大体上就是流行于社会的《第三次浪潮》一书中依稀反映的内容。但那个历史反映显得太长了点～从人类第一次出现社会大分工开始算起～到资本主义大工业的出现～可以称为第一次。这以后到现代科学技术的应用～称为第二次。现代科学技术的应用就是第三次了。但就资本主义本身而言～也经历了手工业阶段、蒸汽机动力阶段、电气机械阶段和现在以计算机应用为中心的信息阶段。这些不同的阶段～对于职业道德产生了非常巨大的带有质变性的影响。不同的历史发展阶段、不同的经济发展时期～就有与之相适应的不同的职业道德标准。不能想象～ 一个手工业作坊的工作人员或老板遵循现代化、科学化大生产条件下同样的职业道德和职业守则。所以说～在历史性特点的基础上～技术性特点也是职业道德的一个重要特点～二者相联系～形成职业道德独特的历史风貌。 就历史性和技术性的区别而言～可以这样理解～历史性特点着重从职业道德这个角度反映了社会道德的一般法则和一般关系。举个例子来说～封建社会手工业艺人的师徒关系～私塾先生和学生的关系～实际上就体现了封建社会总的伦理关系和道德关系。所谓师徒如父子～所谓“天、地、君、亲、师”。这个“老师”可不像现代西方社会那样～可以直呼其名～拍拍肩膀～做朋友看待的。他与天地相配～与皇帝相比～与亲生父母的地位难分上下。这个历史性特点～可以说～在职业道德发展的各个历史阶段中～都得到了充分的体现。但是～职业道德不同于一般的道德的地方在于～它一方面反映了该社会的人与人之间的社会关系特点,另一方面～又直接反映人与物,生产内容、生产手段、生产目的,的关系和特点。在这二者相融汇交的基础上～产生了职业道德。 ,二,实践性与规范性 凡道德均有实践性特点～但职业道德的实践性特点显得特别鲜明、彻底和典型。其intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision 根据是:从职业道德接受者的情况看～没有直接参加社会实践的人也可以进行道德教 育～如对于儿童的道德教育。当然～这种所谓没有参加社会实践活动也不是绝对的～主要是指尚未在社会生活中取得独立地位。而职业道德对于与所从事职业无关的人来说～就毫无价值～而且也根本无法进行宣传和教育～接受者也就很难真正弄清道德的作用和具体含义。从职业道德的应用角度来考虑～没有臵身于职业实践当中去～无论有多么美好的愿望和多么惊人的接受能力～对于职业道德的规范和内容都无从做起。当然～不是医生也可以对于医生的医德作出善意的评价～但不是医生却无法把医德用于自身。实际上～职业道德的实践性主要表现在～它与其所从事的职业本身的内容是密不可分的～离开具体的职业就没有职业道德可言～这尽管占据了一个职业的位臵～却绝然可以不讲道德的情况完全不同。 所谓规范性特点～其实也是一般道德的共有特点～但在职业道德这里表现得更为鲜明、具体和典型。因为不论什么道德都是通过道德原则、道德规范这些内容具体地体现出来的。而职业道德既受一般的社会关系的制约～又与具体的职业相联系～所以职业道德的行为规范性还表现在人们对于一般道德规范的了解和理解上～同时～又有比较大的弹性。例如～生活在封建社会～那么～你对于仁、义、礼、智、信的具体内容可以知道很详细～也可以只知其大概。对于很多礼节～你可以详尽地了解～但不一定用得上。一个老百姓纵然精通见皇帝的礼节也用不上～因为没有见皇帝的机会。但凡是职业道德的内容都要求从业人员一定要知之甚详～并且照着去做。这些道德内容～一般地都是用合同、店规、厂纪或者从业人员守则的方式体现出来的。实际上～这种规范性～一方面表达了道德的意志和要求,另一方面也具有某些法的性质和特点。比如～一个人喝醉了酒～在家里摔盆摔碗～大耍酒疯～不过是酒后无德～最多会受到道德和舆论的谴责～而无须受到法律的过问和制裁。如果他喝醉了酒～影响和妨碍了自己所从事职业的正常活动～那么～他的行为就违背了职业道德～那就要受到处罚。象从事火车司机、汽车司机、飞行员等特殊职业的人～被要求在工作期间不得饮酒～虽然是作为纪律和法规提出来的～但同时也就含有了职业道德的要求和特点。 ,三,多样性与稳定性 intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision 随着社会的不断进步～科学技术突飞猛进的发展～社会分工也向着多样化方向发展～ 社会分工越来越细。社会分工的多样性～就决定了职业道德的多样性。可以说～有多少种分工就有多少种职业道德。虽然道德的基本精神在最高的理论层次上～也是可以相通的～但不同的职业有不同的职业道德标准。军人的职业道德～首先是无条件服从命令～勇往直前的杀敌精神～以及宁死于战场也不临阵脱逃或举手投降的英雄气概。但医生的道德却在于全心全意、救死扶伤。一个科学家的职业道德～无论其具有怎样的集体主义和协作精神～决没有必要把服从命令摆在每一位。所谓“不唯上～不唯书～只唯实”～这就是说～职业道德在不同的职业之间有相通的时代精神～却又有互不相关的具体内容和要求。 在人类走过的漫长历史道路上～任何一个人～从事业任何一种职业～如果要真正地得其精髓～成为合格的从业人员～都需要经过长期的努力和培养。职业道德的多样性就决定了这种多样性对于每一个具体的从者来说～又具有稳定性。一般地说～一个人的职业经选定之后～再试图变换职业就不很容易了。中国有句老话叫“隔行如隔山”～说的是每一种职业都有其各自的特点～样样精通是做不到的。尽管现代社会中～由于知识的相互渗透～人们掌握了比从前多得多的知识量～并不排除一人从事两项或更多的职业～但这并不是社会的主流～只是一少部分人的行为～或者是从事的职业～知识含量要求不高。因为人生有限～穷其一生学通、学精一项技能服务于社会～是大多数人的选择。因此～一个人选定了职业后～他的职业具有一定的稳定性～与之相适应的～他所应遵循的职业道德规范也就具有了稳定性。 总之～职业道德建设中有千金值得探讨的理论内涵和内在规律～以上仅是个人对职业道德建设一点不成熟的认识。说到底～加强职业道德建设～就是要更好地实践“三个代表”～更好地为人民服务～维护自身形象～不断地完善人格～树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观～使人们热爱祖国、遵纪守法～诚实守信～使之形成良好的社会秩序、工作环境和人际关系～推动社会的全面进步。 课堂作业:案例分析 医德沦丧是社会之痛 intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision 由于治病的需要，病人在医院转科治疗或转院治疗原本应该是一种正常现象。而今，由于在此过程中可获得不菲的回扣，有些医生就肆意“倒卖”起病人来。“倒卖”病人引起的严重后果就是让病人稀里糊涂地多花钱，甚至最终贻误病情。 当病人把自己的生命健康交托给值得信赖的医生后，医生却背叛了医者的誓言，瞄准的是患者的口袋，甚至不顾病人病情安危，肆意“倒卖”，这无疑是一个钱字在作怪。 抖出“倒卖”病人黑幕的外科医生说，这种现象在各家医院都非常普遍，既可以是同城医院之间的，也可发生在不同地区的医院之间;既可以是同等级别医院之间的，也可发生在不同级别医院之间;既能发生在医院内部各科室之间，也能发生在不同医院的同种科室之间;甚至还可以发生在“120”急救与医院之间……总之，只要有利可图，病人就能“倒卖”。他还说，比如接到中风、高血压等慢性病突然发作的病人，按照常规，“120”本应将病人送往最近的一家医院，但因为急救人员与某医院急诊科有“合作”关系，便自然而然地将该病人送往这家医院急诊科。想想多可怕，谁都知道，多拖延几分钟对急病患者而言意味着什么。 或许，愈演愈烈的“倒卖”病人现象，与现行医疗体制存在缺陷有关。但事实仅仅如此吗,更值得我们深思的是，作为以救死扶伤为天职的医生，仅仅为了几个钱，就能如此漠视生命，漠视病人的性命之托，难道仅仅是因为体制缺陷或待遇过低,无疑，这种医德的沦丧是社会之痛。我们不禁要追问，究竟是我们的医生培养环节出了问题，还是社会大环境出了问题, intensive development. (5) have different emphasis: for development, "with development, the emphasis on" way, from space, multiple groups from a single radiation-belt open development. Spatial structure of 2, the prominent cultural city protection elements on the development of the whole city and culture series supporting role, with natural landscapes and green for the background, according to the combined city, urban Group organization structure, set up a decentralized development patterns, building ... Three rivers: the Yangtze, jinsha River and minjiang rivers, cities in three rivers based on development along the Yangtze River, city on the River, River in the city. Multiple groups: the relatively compact area layout, each district consists of multiple groups, and the area has both integrated urban functions, and have their own characteristics and perimeter formation Li Zhuang, Li Zhuangdong characteristic tour area and Hong Kong in group, consists of 17 groups. Band: modern features gathering along the Yangtze River belt. Dvn group in the upper reaches of the jinsha River along the river continues to the East to South stream groups, layout along the city's main commercial, business, administrative, cultural and creative research and development in science and education function of modern service and port equipment manufacturing, liquor, and other features and modern industry. 2.5-2 spatial planning figure 2.6 in Yibin city, Central City urban development vision vision