综合验光仪验光流程

综合验光仪验光流程 在眼镜行业，多数验光师习惯采用传统的验光法进行验光，即先用电脑验光仪查出顾客的大概屈光度数，然后在此基础上进行插片，使视力矫正到1.0即可。由于此法操作非常简单，为多数从业者所接受。但传统验光法不能排除调节因素对验光结果的影响，散光轴向和度数也只能依赖于电脑验光仪的准确性，故对于调节力较强的顾客常会得到错误的矫正结果。要想准确地检查出顾客的屈光不正度需要按照规范的操作流程进行。随着综合验光仪在验光工作中的普遍应用，本文主要就如何使用综合验光仪进行有效规范的验光操作进行详细介绍，希望能为验光师的实践工作提供一定帮助。 1 客观验光 通常在进行一些必要的问诊后，首先进行客观验光，通过客观验光可以迅速知道被检者初步的屈光不正度数，为随后的主观验光奠定良好的基础。目前常用的客观验光法主要包括电脑验光和检影验光。 通过电脑验光或检影验光得出被检者初步的验光结果，并在此基础上进行主观验光。 2 主观验光 因客观验光不能排除调节因素影响，故客观验光结束后还要进行一系列主观验光检查，这样才能准确地查出患者真正的屈光不正度数。 2.1 置入客观验光结果 将电脑或检影验光所得双眼的客观验光结果置入综合验光仪中。因目前多数电脑验光的结果可能略有偏高，故若使用电脑验光进行客观检查，可将所得验光结果的数值减低-0.50D球镜再置入。 2.2 雾视 因被检者在客观验光过程中可能有调节存在，故为了让其充分放松调节，减少调节因素对验光结果的影响，在客观验光结果的基础上要首先进行雾视检查。 2.2.1 雾视法的原理 雾视法的原理是通过添加适量的正球镜(近视眼也可以减少负球镜)的方法让进入被检眼内光线的焦点会聚在视网膜的近前方，使其处于人工近视状态(如图1所示)，达到放松调节的目的。雾视的状态下，患者如果再使用调节，焦点便会更远离视网膜，物像会变得更加模糊，故其不会再使用调节。而若其想看清远处视标，自然会迫使自己and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 放松调节，因只有在放松调节的情况下焦点才会离视网膜更近，使物像变得更清晰。人眼有将物体看清晰的倾向，故在此情况下被检者自然会放松调节使物像更清晰，从而达到雾视的目的。 雾视检查一般先进行单眼雾视再进行双眼雾视。即将客观验光结果的度数置入综合验光仪后，在此基础上增加正球镜(远视眼)或减少负球镜(近视眼)直至视力至0.2左右，先右眼后左眼，然后进行双眼雾视。 2.1.2操作步骤 a.遮盖被检者左眼，对右眼进行雾视。嘱患者注视0.2行的视标 b.在综合验光仪上将右眼的球镜细调轮盘下拨，直至被检者能模糊分辨出0.2行视标。若用试镜架进行雾视时，可直接在被检眼前加+1.00DS的球镜进行雾视，检查此时的视力，若视力比0.2更好或更差，则适当增加或减少雾视片的度数，直至刚好可以模糊分辨0.2行视标即可。 c.遮盖右眼，使左眼处于打开状态，进行左眼雾视，方法同右眼。 d.打开双眼，让患者双眼同时注视0.3行左右的视标，模糊可以分辨即可。若0.3行视标很清晰，可双眼同时增加+0.25DS的雾视镜。 e.遮盖左眼，将右眼的球镜细调轮盘逐渐上拨0.25DS(即逐渐增加-0.25DS的近视球镜或逐渐减少+0.25DS的远视球镜)，直至其视力达到1.0左右。 注意有散光者::若受测者为轻度散光者,其测试方法与近视者同;:深度散光者(或弱视者),则需注意其无法明确的测至0.5.因此必须提前于0.3或0.4,甚至0.2让受测者看放射线视标.对于年龄小的儿童要事先戴云雾试戴镜半小时,后缓慢验光. 2.2、放射线视标测试: and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 测试该项时,验光者应先说明测试目的与解释其所呈现的状况. 例:某先生(小姐)您现在是否能看清楚放射状的视标?它是用以专门检查您有无散光的,如果这些线条都一样黑、浓度均匀，说明您没有散光;如果这些线条不一样黑、浓度不均匀，说明您有散光。请您比较一下，这些线条是否一样黑,如果不一样黑，请告诉我哪条线最黑最明显?当受测者表示出的较黑线条为: (1)若为12点方向较黑时,则将散光轴转至180度位置.(2)若为2,3,4,5等方向时,即以各数字乘以30,即为其大概之散光轴. 设定大概之轴度后,接着则必须预加散光度数,让其呈现的浓淡差异逐步,形成一样清晰状态,轴向可以使用电脑值的,速度会加快但若经测试后依然有浓淡而无法改善时,则显然在测试时有所偏差,可以不必刻意要求,可利用交叉柱镜来尽量弥补. 2.3一次红绿测试 红绿测试主要是用于检查被检者的球镜度是否适量。 2.3.1红绿测试的原理 红绿测试主要是利用色像差的原理。白色光是由红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫七种颜色的光混合而成的复合光，各种颜色光的波长、折射率不同，故白色光经过较密介质后会发生色散。在可见光中，红色光波长最长，折射率最小、速度最快，而紫光的波长最短、折射率最大、速度最慢。 正视眼恰能使黄光的焦点落在视网膜上，则红光的焦点落在视网膜后，绿光的焦点落在视网膜前(如图2a)，红光和绿光距视网膜距离基本相当，故红光和绿光在视网膜上形成的弥散圆的直径也基本相当，故正视眼观察红绿背景里视标的清晰度也基本相同。因而通过屈光不正矫正后，若球镜度适当，患者会感到红绿视标的清晰度相同。 若被检者处于近视状态时(即近视欠矫或远视过矫时)，黄光的焦点会落在视网膜前，红光的焦点在黄光之后，因而更靠近视网膜，而绿光的焦点比黄光更靠前，因而更远离视网膜(如图2b)，故红光在视网膜上形成弥散圆的直径要比绿光小，所以被检者会感到红色背景里的视标更清晰。因而红绿测试时，患者若诉红色视标更清晰，需要增加近视度或减and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 少远视度，使红绿视标同样清晰。 若被检者处于远视状态时(即近视过矫或远视欠矫时)，黄光的焦点会落在视网膜后，红光的焦点在黄光之后，因而更远离视网膜，而绿光的焦点比黄光更靠前，因而更靠近视网膜(如图2c)，故绿光在视网膜上形成弥散圆的直径要比红光小，所以被检者会感到绿色背景里的视标更清晰。因而红绿测试时，患者若诉绿色视标更清晰，需要减少近视度或增加远视度，使红绿视标同样清晰。 2.3.2 操作步骤 a. 雾视之后视力已通过调整球镜达到1.0 b. 投放红绿视标，嘱被测者比较红绿视标清晰度: •如被检者说红绿背景里视标同样清晰，说明此时球镜度刚好，不需调整。 •如被检者说红色背景里视标更清楚，则说明被检者处于近视欠矫或远视过矫状态，则需“增加,0.25DS或减少+0.25DS”即向上拨球镜细调轮盘，直至通过球镜调整使红绿视标清晰度相同。 •如被检者说绿色背景里视标更清楚，则说明被检者处于近视过矫或远视欠矫状态，则需“减少,0.25DS或增加+0.25DS”即向下拨球镜细调轮盘，直至通过球镜调整使红绿视标清晰度相同。 •如被检者说两面同样清晰，说明散光轴向准确，无需进行调整，可进行下一步散光度数的调整。 •如被检者说1面较清晰(图4a)，根据‘追红’原则，需将散光轴向朝着此时离手轮较近的红点方向即100?方向调整。在调整散光轴向的同时，交叉圆柱镜也会同时发生联动，手轮会自动转至100?方向。然后接着翻转手轮，让患者继续比较两面(图4 c和d示3面和4面)是否同样清晰，同理如诉同样清晰，轴向调整完毕;如诉4面更清晰，根据‘追红’原则，则需将轴向由100?调到95?，然后再翻转进行比较，直到调整至翻转两面清晰度相同为止;如诉3面更清晰，则将轴向由100?调到110?，然后再翻转进行比较，直到调整and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 至两面清晰度相同为止。 •如被检者说2面较清晰(图4b)，则将散光轴向朝着此时离手轮较近的红点方向即80?方向调整。此时手轮也会自动转至80?方向。然后接着翻转手轮，让患者继续比较两面是否同样清晰，按上述‘追红’的原则，直到通过调整使两面清晰度相同为止。 2.4.2精确调整散光的度数 a. 将交叉圆柱镜的P点(P点所在位置可能为红点或白点)与调整后的散光轴向重合，此时也可听到轻微的‘咔’声。 b. 翻转交叉圆柱镜并将两面分别命名为1和2，嘱患者比较两面的清晰度: •如两面清晰度相同，说明散光度数准确，检查结束。 •如两面清晰度不同，说明原散光度数有误，则需要进行调整: 若红点与散光试片轴向重合时更清晰，说明原散光度数欠矫，则增加-0.25DC，然后继续翻转比较，直至调整到两面清晰度相同，柱镜增加-0.50DC时，球镜应先减-0.25DS。 若白点与散光试片轴向重合时更清晰，说明原散光度数过矫，则减小 -0.25DC，然后继续翻转比较，直至调整到两面清晰度相同，柱镜减小-0.50DC时，球镜应增加 -0.25DS。 例 如上例经散光轴向调整后，试孔内度数为,3.50DS/,1.00DC×100。调整散光度数时，需将交叉圆柱镜的P点转至与散光试片轴向100?重合的位置，翻转手轮将两面分别命名为1面和2面(如图5a和b所示)，让患者比较两面清晰度是否相同: •如被检者说两面同样清晰，说明原散光度数准确，无需进行调整，检查结束。 •如被检者说1面较清晰，即红点与散光试片轴向重合面清晰，说明原散光度数欠矫，需增加-0.25DC，即将原散光-1.00DC调整为-1.25DC。然后再翻转进行比较:如两面同样清晰，检查结束;如较清晰面仍为红点与散光试片轴向重合，说明散光度仍欠矫，则需将散光度调整为-1.50DC，此时球镜要相应减少-0.25DS，即球镜变为-3.25DS。继续翻转比较，直and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 至调至两面清晰度相同结束。 •如被检者说2面较清晰，即白点与散光试片轴向重合面清晰，说明原散光度数过矫，需减少-0.25DC，即将原散光-1.00DC调整为-0.75DC。然后再翻转进行比较:如两面同样清晰，检查结束;如较清晰面仍为白点与散光试片轴向重合，说明散光度仍过矫，则需将散光度调整为-0.50DC，此时球镜要相应增加-0.25DS，即球镜变为-3.75DS。继续翻转比较，直至调至两面清晰度相同结束。 注意事项: 手柄式交叉圆柱镜与综合验光仪上用法相同，只需把手柄看成手轮的作用即可。 上述介绍的是用交叉圆柱镜精确调整负散光的轴向和度数的方法，如遇到正散光可换算为负散光再按上述方法进行调整。当然，手持式交叉柱镜也可用来调整正散光的轴向和度数，但方法这里不再介绍。 2.5二次红绿测试 交叉圆柱镜检查结束后，可将球镜降低-0.50DS(即下拨球镜细调轮盘两档)后进行二次红绿测试，并通过球镜的调整达到红绿平衡。调整方法与一次红绿相同。 2.6 确认最佳视力 二次红绿平衡后，投放视力表视标，检查被检者此时所能看到的视力(即其最佳视力)，并在此基础上下拨0.25DS球镜(即近视降低-0.25DS或远视增加+0.25DS)，看其视力有无变化:若视力变降低一行，则上拨回至之前的球镜度;若视力保持不变，则再下拨0.25DS球镜，如视力下降则上拨0.25DS球镜。 例 二次红绿测试后，视孔内度数为,3.50DS/,1.25DC×100。投放视力表视标，让患者指出所能分辨的最小一行视标，假设此时患者能分辨的最小行视标为1.2行视标，则将球镜下拨0.25DS即变为,3.25DS，再查其视力，此时仍能分辨1.2行视标，则将球镜再下拨0.25DS即变为,3.00DS，再查其视力，此时视力下降为1.0，则需将球镜调回至,3.25DS结束。 至此，右眼的单眼验光结束。左眼此时仍处于雾视状态。将右眼遮盖，左眼打开，对左眼进行检查，步骤同右眼，直至找到左眼的最佳视力最大正镜化。 •如被检者说两面同样清晰，说明原散光度数准确，无需进行调整，检查结束。 3 双眼平衡测试 单眼验光结束后，两眼达到同样的最佳矫正视力只能说明两眼的视力达到平衡，但要保证在双眼调节量均衡的基础上达到视力平衡才是双眼平衡的最终目的。因为如果双眼调节力and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the 不平衡时容易引起视疲劳，也易引起患者单眼屈光不正度增加速度较快，故在单眼验光结束后进行双眼平衡测试是很有必要的。 双眼平衡的方法主要有交替遮盖平衡法、棱镜分离平衡法和偏振分离平衡法三种，其中前一种方法适用于插片验光，后两种方法适用于综合验光仪。下面简单介绍三种平衡方法的操作步骤。 3.1 交替遮盖平衡法 a.打开双眼，双眼同时雾视+0.75DS，使视力降至0.6左右 b.交替遮盖双眼，让患者注视0.5行视标，比较两眼的清晰度是否相同: •若两眼清晰度相同，说明双眼已经平衡。 •若两眼清晰度不一样，则在较清晰眼前加+0.25DS雾视镜，使其与较模糊眼的模糊程度相同。反复调整，直到两眼达到同样模糊，说明此时双眼已平衡。 c.双眼同步等量地逐渐增加,0.25DS，并观察视力的变化，每增加,0.25DS视力至少提高一行，直至加到双眼的最佳视力最大正镜化结束。 3.2 棱镜分离平衡法 a.打开双眼，双眼同时下拨0.75DS球镜进行雾视(使视力降至0.6左右)，并投放斑点状视标。 b.让患者闭上双眼，在其右眼前置3?BD;左眼前置3?BU(如图6所示)，让其睁开双眼同时注视远处斑点状视标，此时患者应能同时看到上下两个斑点状视标(其中上方视标为右眼所见，下方视标为左眼所见注1)，让其比较上下两个斑点状视标的清晰度是否相同: •若患者说上、下两个视标同样清晰，说明已双眼平衡。 • 若患者诉上方视标更清晰，则将其右眼球镜下拨0.25DS球镜(即近视降低-0.25DS或远视增加+0.25DS)，再让其比较，直至调整到两眼达到同样模糊。 and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the • 若患者诉下方视标更清晰，则将其左眼球镜下拨0.25DS球镜(即近视降低-0.25DS或远视增加+0.25DS)，再让其比较，直至调整到两眼达到同样模糊 c.双眼同步等量逐渐向上拨球镜细调轮盘，每上拨0.25DS，被检者视力至少提高一行，直到找到双眼的最佳视力最大正镜化结束。 3.3 偏振分离平衡法 a. 打开双眼，双眼同时下拨0.75DS球镜进行雾视(使视力降至0.6左右)。b.在其右眼视孔内置入P135，左眼视孔内置入P45的偏振镜片注2，并投放偏振平衡视标(如图7所示)。 b. 通过偏振镜片，通常右眼看到的是上排视标，左眼看到的是下排视标，双眼同时睁开可看见两排视标。让患者比较上排和下排视标的清晰度是否相同:•若患者说上、下两个视标同样清晰，说明已双眼平衡。 • 若患者诉上排视标更清晰，则将其右眼球镜下拨0.25DS球镜(即近视降低-0.25DS或远视增加+0.25DS)，再让其比较，直至调整到两眼达到同样模糊。 • 若患者诉下排视标更清晰，则将其左眼球镜下拨0.25DS球镜(即近视降低-0.25DS或远视增加+0.25DS)，再让其比较，直至调整到两眼达到同样模糊。d.双眼同步等量逐渐向上拨球镜细调轮盘，每上拨0.25DS，被检者视力至少提高一行直到找到双眼的最佳视力最大正镜化结束。 注意事项: a. 双眼平衡检查时，应记住始终是在较清晰的眼前调整球镜(减少近视度或增加远视度)，使其与模糊眼所看到的物像达到同样模糊。 b. 双眼平衡时，若通过球镜调整始终不能达到两眼清晰度相同，可让主导眼略为清晰些。 and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the c. 双眼平衡检查结束后，达到双眼最佳视力最大正镜化的度数是患者真正的屈光不正度数，但具体配镜处方应结合患者双眼视功能的检查结果及试戴效果最终确定。 [1]:因三棱镜可使物像向尖端方向移位，故因其右眼放置的是基底向下的三棱镜，左眼放置的是基底向上的三棱镜，因此上方视标为右眼所见，下方视标为左眼所见。 [2]:有些综合验光仪上只有P，并无明确方向，通常表示右眼是P135方向的偏振片，左眼是P45方向的偏振片，但也有极少品牌的综合验光仪例外，故验光师在检查之前最好先看一下设备的说明。 and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the