贵州省省情省貌

贵州省省情省貌 贵州省省情 一、概况 贵州省简称“黔”或“贵”，位于中国西南的东南部，介于东经103?36′~109?35′、北纬24?37′~29?13′之间，东毗湖南省、南邻广西自治区、西连云南省、北接四川省和重庆市，是一个山川秀丽、气候宜人、民族众多、资源富集、发展潜力巨大的省份。全省东西长约595公里，南北相距约509公里，总面积为176167平方公里，占全国国土面积的1.8%。 二、气候地理 1.地貌 贵州省地处云贵高原东部，境内地势西高东低，自中部向北、东、南三面倾斜，平均海拔1100米左右。贵州高原山地居多，素有“八山一水一分田”之说。全省地貌可概括分为高原山地、丘陵和盆地三种基本类型，其中92.5%的面积为山地和丘陵。境内山脉众多，重峦叠峰，绵延纵横，山高谷深。北部有大娄山，自西向东北斜贯北境，川黔要隘娄山关高1444米;中南部苗岭横亘，主峰雷公山高2178米;东北境有武陵山，由湘蜿蜓入黔，主峰梵净山高2572米;西部高耸乌蒙山，属此山脉的赫章县珠市乡韭菜坪海拔2900.6米，为贵州境内最高点。黔东南州的黎平县地坪乡水口河出省界处，海拔高程147.8米，为境内最低点。贵州岩溶地貌发育非常典型。喀斯特(出露)面积109084平方公里，占全省国土总面积的61.9%，境内岩溶分布范围广泛，形态类型齐全，地域分异明显，构成一种特殊的岩溶生态系统。 2(气候 气候温暖湿润，属亚热带湿润季风气候区。气温变化小，冬暖夏凉，气候宜人，全省大部分地区年平均气温为15?左右;从全省看，通常最冷月(1月)平均气温多在3?~6?，比同纬度其他地区高，最热月(7月)平均气温一般是22?~25?，为典型夏凉地区。降水较多，雨季明显，阴天多，日照少，境内各地阴天日数一般超过150天，常年相对湿度在70%以上。受大气环流及地形等影响，贵州气候呈多样性，“一山分四季，十里不同天”。另外，气候不稳定，灾害性天气种类较多，干旱、秋风、凝冻、冰雹等频度大，对农业生产有一定影响。 三、自然资源 1.土地资源 全省国土总面积17615247公顷。其中，农用地15251925公顷，占土地总面积的86.58,;建设用地551847公顷，占土地总面积的3.13,;未利用土地1811448公顷，占土地总面积的10.28,。根据土地利用变更调查，2007年全省各类土地面积与2006年相比: 农用地面积减少16896公顷，减少0.1,;建设用地面积增加5126公顷，增加0.9,;未利用土地面积增加11770公顷，增加0.7,。全省土地利用率89.7%。全省耕地面积4487455公顷，人均耕地面积1.7亩。 2.生物资源 全省有野生动物资源1000余种，其中黔金丝猴、黑叶猴、黑颈鹤等15种列为国家一级保护动物;二级国家保护动物有69种，主要有:穿山甲、黑熊、水獭、大灵猫、小灵猫、林麝、红腹雨雉、白冠长尾雉、红腹锦鸡等。植物资源有森林、草地、农作物品种、药用植物、野生经济植物和珍稀植物等六类。银杉、珙桐、桫椤、贵州苏铁等15种列为国家一级保护植物。全省有药用植物资源有3900余种，占全国中草药品种的80%，“夜郎无闲草，黔地多良药”，是全国四大中药材产区之一。在国内外具有一定影响，品质优良的珍稀名贵植物有珠子参、三尖杉、扇蕨、冬虫夏草、鸡纵、艾纳香(天然冰片)等6种。此外，天麻、石斛、杜仲、厚朴、吴萸、黄柏、黔党参、何首乌、胆草、天冬、银花、桔梗、五倍子、半夏、雷丸、南沙参、冰球子、黄精、灵芝、艾粉等有地道药材之美称。野生经济植物资源中，工业有植物约600余种，以纤维、鞣料、芳香油、油脂植物资源为主;食用植物约500余种，以维生素、蛋白质、淀粉、油脂植物为主;可供绿化、美化环境及有观赏价值的园林植物约200余种;具有抗污能力的环保植物40余种。贵州农作物植物品种丰富，栽培的粮食作物、油料作物、纤维植物和其他经济作物近600个品种，粮食作物以水稻、玉米、小麦、薯类为主，经济作物以烤烟、油菜籽为主要品种。经济林木主要有油桐、油茶、乌桕、漆树、核桃等，“大方生漆”、“六马桐油”为贵州名优土特产品。全省饲养的主要畜品种有30多种，优良牧草资源2500余种，发展畜牧业具有良好条件。 3.能源 水、电、煤等多种能源兼备，水能与煤炭优势并存，水火互济。水力理论蕴藏量为18140.3兆瓦，居全国第六位，技术可开发量19489.63兆瓦。贵州素以“西南煤海”著称，煤炭资源储量达527.98亿吨,居全国第五位。煤炭不仅储量大，且煤种齐全、煤质优良，为发展火电，实施“西电东送”奠定了坚实的基础，同时为煤化工、实施“煤变油”提供了资源条件。 4.矿产资源 贵州至今已发现矿种(含亚矿种)125种，发现矿床、矿点3000余处。其中，有76种(含亚矿种)不同程度的查明有资源储量，共计产地(矿区、矿段或井田)2553处。煤、磷、铝土、锑、金、锰、重晶石、水泥原料、砖瓦原料以及各种用途的石灰岩、砂岩和白云岩等矿产资源，是贵州的优势矿产。不仅资源丰富，而且现实经济优势明显，是贵州矿业的主体，所创经济价值高。截止至2007年底，贵州有41种矿产资源储量排名全国前十位。其中，煤炭保有资源储量527.86亿吨(位列全国第五位)，铝土矿保有资源储量4.74亿吨(位列全国第四位)，磷矿资源储量28.68亿吨(位列全国第二位)，锰矿保有资源储量8100.54万吨(位列全国第四位)、占全国总量的10.24,，重晶石保有资源储量1.18亿吨(位列全国第一位)，占全国总量的31.06,，水泥用灰岩保有资源储量17.16亿吨，水泥配料用粘土保有资源储量10779.56万吨、水泥配料用砂岩保有资源储量9506.58万吨、水泥配料用页岩保有资源储量2687.35万吨,分列全国第8位、第11位和第11位。 四、行政区划 截至2005年12月31日，全省设4个地级市，3个自治州，2个地区;9个县级市，56个县，11个自治县，10个市辖区，2个特区;508个乡(其中含有252个民族乡)，691个镇，92个街道办事处。 贵阳市:辖6区3县，代管县级清镇市(市人民政府驻乌当区林城东路1号)、南明区(区人民政府驻箭道街)、云岩区(区人民政府驻贵乌路)、小河区(区民政府驻黄河路)、花溪区(区人民政府驻贵筑街道办事处贵筑路)、乌当区(区人民政府驻新天街道办事处航天路)、白云区(区人民政府驻艳山红镇)、修文县(县人民政府驻龙场镇)息烽县(县人民政府驻永靖镇)、开阳县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、清镇市(省辖县级市，省委托贵阳市代管，市人民政府驻青龙街道办事处)。 遵义市:辖2区8县2自治县，代管县级赤水市、仁怀市。包括红花岗区(区人民政府驻海尔大道)、汇川区(区人民政府驻汇川大道)、赤水市(省辖县级市，省委托遵义市代管，市人民政府驻人民街)、仁怀市(省辖县级市，省委托遵义市代管，市人民政府驻中枢街道办事处城南社区)、正安县(县人民政府驻凤仪镇)、桐梓县(县人民政府驻娄山关镇)、遵义县(县人民政府驻南白镇)、凤冈县(县人民政府驻龙泉镇)、余庆县(县人民政府驻白泥镇)、湄潭县(县人民政府驻湄江镇)、绥阳县(县人民政府驻洋川镇)习水县(县人民政府驻东皇镇)、道真仡佬族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻玉溪镇)、务川仡佬族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻都濡镇)。 六盘水市:辖1区1特区2县(市人民政府驻钟山区钟山大道)，包括:钟山区(区人民政府驻凤凰街道办事处碧云路)、六枝特区(区人民政府驻平寨镇)、盘县(县人民政府驻红果镇)、水城县(县人民政府驻滥坝镇) 安顺市:辖1区2县3自治县(市人民政府驻西秀区东关街道办事处中华中路)，包括:西秀区(区人民政府驻东关街道办事处黄果树大街)、普定县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、平坝县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、关岭布依族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻关索镇)、镇宁布依族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、紫云苗族布依族自治县(县人民政府驻松山镇)。 黔南布依族苗族自治州:辖2县级市9县1自治县(州人民政府驻都匀市文峰街道办事处环东中路)，包括:都匀市(市人民政府驻文明路)、福泉市(市人民政府驻金山街道办事处市府路)、瓮安县(县人民政府驻雍阳镇)、贵定县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、惠水县(县人民政府驻和平镇)、长顺县(县人民政府驻长寨镇)、独山县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、荔波县(县人民政府驻玉屏镇)、平塘县(县人民政府驻平湖镇)、罗甸县(县人民政府驻龙坪镇)、龙里县(县人民政府驻龙山镇)、三都水族自治县(县人民政府驻三合镇)。 黔西南布依族苗族自治州:辖1县级市7县(州人民政府驻兴义市向阳街道办事处沙井路)，包括:兴义市(市人民政府驻黄草坝街道办事处市府路)、普安县(县人民政府驻盘水镇)、晴隆县(县人民政府驻莲城镇)、贞丰县(县人民政府驻珉谷镇)、册亨县(县人民政府驻者楼镇)、望谟县(县人民政府驻复兴镇)、安龙县(县人民政府驻新安镇)、兴仁县(县人民政府驻城关镇)。 黔东南苗族侗族自治州:辖1市15县(州人民政府驻凯里市)，包括:凯里市(市人民政府驻遵义西路)、雷山县(县人民政府驻丹江镇)、黎平县(县人民政府驻德风镇)、施秉县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、麻江县(县人民政府驻杏山镇)、锦屏县(县人民政府驻三江镇)、台江县(县人民政府驻台拱镇)、剑河县(县人民政府驻革东镇)、三穗县(县人民政府驻八弓镇)、黄平县(县人民政府驻新州镇)、从江县(县人民政府驻丙妹镇)、镇远县(县人民政府驻阳镇)、天柱县(县人民政府驻凤城镇)、榕江县(县人民政府驻古州镇)、岑巩县(县人民政府驻思旸镇)、丹寨县(县人民政府驻龙泉镇)。 铜仁地区:辖1市1特区4县4自治县(行政公署驻铜仁市)，包括:铜仁市(市人民政府驻环西路)、万山特区(特区人民政府驻万山镇)、德江县(县人民政府驻青龙镇)、思南县(县人民政府驻思唐镇)、江口县(县人民政府驻双江镇)、石阡县(县人民政府驻汤山镇)、沿河土家族自治县(县人民政府驻和平镇)、印江土家族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻峨岭镇)、松桃苗族自治县(县人民政府驻蓼皋镇)、玉屏侗族自治县(县人民政府驻平溪镇)。 毕节地区:辖1市6县1自治县(行政公署驻毕节市)，包括:毕节市(市人民政府驻解放路)、大方县(县人民政府驻大方镇)、黔西县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、金沙县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、纳雍县(县人民政府驻雍熙镇)、织金县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、赫章县(县人民政府驻城关镇)、威宁彝族回族苗族自治县(县人民政府驻草海镇)。 五、人口情况 1.人口统计 2007年末常住总人口(常住一年及以上)达到3975.48万人，比上年末增加20.18万人。其中，女性人口为1917.74万人，男性人口为2057.74万人，男女性别比为107.30?100。 2.人口增长率 2007年全省总人口出生率为13.28‰，死亡率为6.60‰，人口自然增长率为6.68‰。与上年相比，出生率下降0.69个千分点、死亡率下降0.11个千分点、人口自然增长率下降0.58个千分点。自2000年以来贵州人口自然增长率已连续8年持续下降。 3.民族及人口 贵州是一个多民族的省份，有汉、苗、布依、侗、土家、彝等18个世居民族，少数民族人口占总人口的38.98%。 4.文化程度 2007年，全省“两基“教育攻坚成果进一步巩固，“普九”人口覆盖率达到100%。农村义务教育经费保障机制进一步完善，为全省193.23万名义务教育阶段贫困家庭的中小学生和特殊教育学校(班)学生提供了免费教科书，为51万名全省农村义务教育阶段贫困初中寄宿生发放了生活补助费。农村中小学建设得到加强，建成农村寄宿制初中150所。改扩建 普通高中15所。中等职业教育招生规模进一步扩大。高等教育经过结构调整、资源整合和体制改革，教育规模继续扩大，贵州大学进入“211工程”建设行列。全省人均受教育年限为6.75年，贵州本土“院士”实现了零的突破。 六、经济发展 1.2007年经济概况 2007年全省生产总值为2741.90亿元，按可比价格计算，比上年增长13.7%，是1985年以来增长最快的一年。2007年全省人均生产总值为6915元。 2007年，第一产业增加值为446.38亿元，比上年增长3.3%;第二产业增加值为1148.27亿元，比上年增长14.0%;第三产业增加值为1147.25亿元，比上年增长18.0%。第一产业、第二产业、第三产业增加值占生产总值的比重分别为16.3%、41.9%和41.8%，产业结构进一步改善。 2007年，全省工业增加值完成1007.75亿元，比上年增长15.2%。2007年，全省农业增加值完成446.38亿元，粮食总产量达到1100.86万吨。比上年增长6.1%。 2007全年完成进出口总额22.73亿美元，比上年上升40.5%。其中，进口总额8.08亿美元，比上年上升39.6%;出口总额14.65亿美元，比上年上升41.0%。2007全年新批外商投资企业50个，实际吸收外资金额15333万美元。 2007年，全省完成财政总收入556.98亿元，比上年增长24.1%。其中，一般预算收入285.14亿元，比上年增长25.7%。财政支出795.40亿元。 2.贫困人口和扶贫 2007年，全省有农村绝对贫困人口216万，低收入贫困人口388万。2007年省级财政安排2亿元产业化扶贫资金，其中1亿元用于发展草地生态畜牧业，大力推广“晴隆模式”，在全省83个有扶贫任务的县选择确定了20个石漠化和水土流失严重、25度以上坡耕地较多的县(2008年增加到33个县)，每个县专项安排财政扶贫资金500万元。 2001—2007年，全省共投入贫困地区农村劳动力转移培训财政扶贫资金1.622亿元，培训了388813人，转移就业332646人，转移就业率达85.6%;共投入中央和省级财政扶贫资金1.29亿元，重点抓了14个脱毒马铃薯繁育基地县建设，累计推广脱毒马铃薯2555万亩，新增产值64亿元，覆盖190多万贫困农户(次)，户均增收3300多元;7年共减少97万绝对贫困人口和170万低收入贫困人口。 主要扶持措施为:(1)采取“三种扶贫方式”:开发式、救助式、搬迁式;(2)解决“三个基本问题”:着力帮助贫困群众改善基本生产生活条件、拓宽基本增收门路、提高基本素质;(3)“三项重点工作”:切实抓好整村推进、贫困地区农村劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫。 2008年贵州省扶贫开发工作的目标任务:即减少农村贫困人口50万;实施“雨露计划”培训贫困地区农村劳动力10万人，转移就业或就地转产8万人;在1600个以上贫困村实施整村推进，配套修建小水池(窖)4万口;加大产业化扶贫力度，抓好33个县草地生态畜牧业科技扶贫和50个重点乡镇特色产业扶贫项目;动员社会力量参与扶贫开发，筹集社会帮扶资金5000万元以上。 3.支柱产业 电力、煤及煤化工、有色金属、旅游、铝及铝加工、烟、酒、民族制药。 七、交通状况 1.铁路 贵州铁路以贵阳为中心，沪昆线、内六线连接东西，渝黔线、黔桂线贯通南北，并有开阳、水大、湖林三条支线，营运里程达1498公里，除黔桂线为内燃牵引外，其余已全部实现电气化改造，电力牵引营运里程达1147公里。贵阳枢纽是路网主骨架包柳通道和沪昆通道的重要交汇点，在西南铁路骨干网中具有十分重要的地位和作用。目前，贵州省境内已开工建设黔桂线扩能改造、贵阳枢纽扩能改造、黄织铁路、六沾增建二线、贵广快速铁路5个项目，另有贵阳到昆明、成都、重庆、长沙等快速铁路和隆黄铁路、渝怀增建二线等建设项目正在加紧。未来，贵州将形成对外主通道高、复线大能力、内部通路完善、布局合理、点线协调的铁路运输网络，在西南地区的交通枢钮地位将进一步凸显。2007年，铁路完成货物周转量485.30亿吨公里，完成旅客周转量139.83亿人公里。 2.公路 截至2007年底，全省公路通车里程达到123247公里，其中，高速公路924公里，二级以上公路3702公里，等级公路55517公里，高级、次高级路面26113公里，公路密度达到每百平方公里69.96公里。2007年，公路运输完成客运量7.04亿人、旅客周转量206.4亿人公里，货运量1.88亿吨、货物周转量127.99亿吨公里，比上年分别增长6.98%、10.43%、8.97%和11.8%。 3.水路 截至2007年底，全省内河航道里程达到3322公里，其中五级航道543公里。2007年，水路运输完成客运量1084万人、旅客周转量22933万人公里，货运量665万吨、货物周转量94182万吨公里，比上年分别增长14.35%、19.02%、11.02%和7.27%。 4.民航 民用航空已开通贵阳至香港以及贵阳至北京、广州、深圳、上海、成都、重庆、昆明、桂林、厦门、西安、海口、长沙、武汉等42个城市的航线。已有16家航空公司执飞贵阳龙洞堡国际机场，机场始发航线60条，日均起降航班134架次，日均旅客吞吐量达到11899 人次。至2007年底，贵阳机场完成旅客吞吐量425万人次。2008年1至8月份旅客吞吐量为277万人次，民航完成货物周转量2.7万吨。 八、历史沿革 作为我国古人类发祥地之一，贵州有悠久的历史，境内旧石器时代遗址由黔西南、黔西北到黔北呈曲线分布，无论早中晚期均相互关联。从发现的30多处旧石器时代遗址看，贵州距今五六十万年前就有人类栖息繁衍。其中最重要的有:黔西观音洞古人类遗址，属旧石器时代早期猿人，距今约五十至六十万年，稍早于北京猿人;桐梓岩灰洞古人类遗址，被命名为“桐梓人”，处于“古猿人”向“古人”过渡阶段，是我国南方最早发现的早期“智人”;水城硝灰洞古人类遗址，被命名为“水城人”，属典型的中晚期“智人”。是我国南方发现古人类用火最早和最多的遗址，时间约晚于桐梓人;兴义猫猫洞古人类遗址，被命名为“兴义人”，为旧石器时代晚期遗址，时间晚于水城人。属“古人”向“新人”过渡的晚期“智人”;普定穿洞古人类遗址，被命名为“穿洞人”，是我国旧石器时代晚期出土文物最丰富的遗址，较系统反映了新石器时代晚期智人的活动状况;具有重要考古研究价值的盘县大洞古人类遗址，为国内保存最完好的旧石器时代洞穴遗址，对研究远古人类东西方文化交流、古人类迁徙、古人类生活原貌等具有重要研究价值。被列入“1993年全国十大考古新发现”。 新石器时代，贵州发现多处遗址。根据威宁、赫章、毕节、平坝等地发掘研究，贵州新石器时代人类已由打制石器转入磨制石器和烧制陶器阶段。农牧业已从狩猎采集中分离出来，进入氏族公社时期。距今约4000至5000年。 夏商周及春秋时期，今贵州地区行政区划情况，学术界有两种说法。一说认为属“鬼方”，一说认为属古“牂牁国”。有待出土文物及文献作进一步研究。 春秋战国至西汉初年(公元前7世纪至前1世纪)，今贵州地属夜郎国，处于奴隶社会向封建社会过渡时期。秦统一中国后设置的黔中郡辖今松桃、铜仁一带。 汉代，牂牁、武陵、巴、犍为四郡分治今贵州地，部分地方形式上纳入中央王朝统治，实际上是一种松散的“羁縻”关系。 秦汉时期，夜郎国逐渐缩小。汉成帝河平年间，(公元前28年至前25年)夜郎王兴因反叛被诛，夜郎国灭亡。 魏晋南北朝，今贵州所辖郡县略有调整。隋代设沅陵等六郡辖今贵州地。唐代基以乌江为界，江以北设经制州，朝廷委派官吏治理，江以南为“羁縻”州，由民族首领治理，仍推行汉代的“羁縻”政策。 宋代今贵州虽分属夔州路、荆湖北路、广南西路、潼川路管辖，实际大部分地区仍分布着数十个羁縻州。从汉至宋，贵州成为全国“羁縻”州最多的地区。 元代置行省。今贵州分属湖广、四川、云南三省。并开始推行“土司”。设有八番顺元、播州、思州、思南、亦溪不薛、乌撒乌蒙等六个宣慰司及普定、普安、永宁三路。 明初维持元代土司制度，并先后设立30个卫、140多个所，置屯军镇压威慑少数民族。明代设三司治理行省。明洪武十五年(1382年)设贵州都指挥使司，永乐十一年(1413年)，因思南、思州两宣慰司长期争斗，明王朝杀田琛、田宗鼎两宣慰使，撤销宣慰司，设贵州承宣布政使司，贵州正式建省，成为全国13个行省之一。永乐十四年(1416年)设贵州提刑按察使司，贵州三司齐备，下辖思南、镇远、铜仁、乌罗、思州、石阡、新化、黎平八府;普安、普定、永宁、镇宁四州及贵州宣慰司。 明万历二十九年(1601年)，播州宣慰使杨应龙反叛被诛后，撤销播州宣慰司，设遵义、平越二府。清顺治二年(1645年)，原明朝桂王朱由榔在广东肇庆即帝位，年号永历。在清军追击下，永历政权先后迁到梧州、桂林等地，顺治九年(1652年)，大西军余部将领孙可望迎永历帝至贵州安龙并独霸朝政，顺治十一年(1654年)，永历帝支持李定国除孙未遂，孙即于安龙诛杀了参与此事的18位大臣，其墓葬后人称为“明十八先生墓”，并建祠供后人瞻仰。顺治十三年(1656年)李定国军至安龙，移永历帝往云南。康熙元年(1662年)永历帝在缅甸被杀。 清顺治十五年(1658年)，清军攻占贵州，继明代永乐、万历两次“改土归流”，康熙、雍正两朝全面推行“改土归流”。贵州土司制度基本废除，但残存一些长官司，至民国时期仍有土司存在。清初从邻省划进遵义等州县属贵州省，清末贵州省辖12府，2直隶厅、13州、13厅、43县、53长官司。 )，贵州相继为兴义系军阀和桐梓系军阀统治。民国元年(1912年)至民国24年(1935年 民国24年(1935年)国民党中央军尾追红军进入贵州，取代军阀统治，建立中央直接控制的政权。民国30年(1941年)，设贵阳市、新增6个县。至民国38年(1949年)全省有1直辖区、6行政督察专员区;1市、78县、1设治局。 九、旅游资源 贵州是中国旅游资源极为丰富的省份，目前集观光、度假和深度文化体验为一体的新型和谐旅游目的地正在悄然形成。正如世界旅游组织所称赞的贵州是“生态之州、文化之州、歌舞之州、美酒之州”。 1.旅游资源特点 贵州是一个旅游资源高富集省份。其资源分布广、类型多、品位高、保护好。概括起来讲，有五大特点: (1)由特殊地质地貌构建的自然景观的奇特性。贵州省位于中国大陆的西南部，总面积17.62万平方公里，东西相距595公里，南北相距500公里，地势东高西低，地貌属中国西部高原山地的一部分。山地和丘陵占总面积的92.5%，其中岩溶面积约10.9万平方公里，占61.9%，是世界上喀斯特地貌发育最典型的地区之一。贵州的岩溶面积由于岩溶发育三维空间的不断扩展，导致地形演进过程的变化十分复杂，发育于地表的石芽、漏斗落水洞、竖井、洼地、峰林、峰丛、天生桥、岩溶湖、瀑布、跌水，与发育于地下的溶洞、暗河、暗湖、伏流等纵横迭置，形成了一个极富地域特色的自然“岩溶博物馆”。漫长而奇妙的地质结构过程，孕育了全省千姿百态的奇山秀水、飞瀑异洞，形成了无数地上地下贯通，动态静 态结合的自然奇观。著名的黄果树大瀑布、龙宫、织金洞、马岭河、小七孔等，就是这个喀斯特王国的典型代表。2007年，荔波被列为“中国南方喀斯特”世界自然遗产地。 (2)多民族构建的文化原生性。贵州省的常住总人口3975.48万人，其中少数民族占38.9%，世居少数民族18种。多种族群和不同地域的文化因子经反复对撞和相互涵化，逐渐积淀在贵州文化的各个层面中，各民族的建筑、服饰、饮食、婚俗、祭祀、节庆、艺术等等，无不富含着异彩纷呈的人文底蕴。正所谓“三里不同风、十里不同俗”，“大节三六九、小节天天有”。走进民族村寨，人们会发现，汉晋遗风，唐代发型、宋代服饰、明清建筑等古老的文化模式，在这里仍被原汁原味地保存着，成为中华民族珍贵的一笔文化遗产。 (3)历史文化的厚重性。人类可能起源于中国的云贵高原，在这里人类完成了由猿到人的演变。在距今4亿—2.3亿年前的古生代，这一带曾几经海浸。在贵州发现的大量古生代的鱼、龙化石表明，陆地脊椎生物的祖先，很可能最早就出现在这里。此外，贵州还发现有旧时器时代中期的“桐梓人”、中晚期的“水城人”和晚期的“兴义人”文化遗址。贵州不仅是古生物的发源地之一，也是古人类的发源地之一。 春秋时期，牂牁国是贵州这块土地上的大国之一，春秋后期夜郎国取代牂牁，日渐强大，今天，在贵州仍不难寻觅到夜郎文化的遗踪。明太祖朱元璋从南京等地调集30万大军到贵州屯田驻军，“开一线以通云南”，使江南文化与高原山地文化相互交融，形成了内涵丰富的屯堡文化。被称为“中国儒学最后一个高峰”和“近代启蒙思想先导”的王阳明，在“王学圣地”贵州修文龙场“悟道”，开一代学风，推动了中国思想界的变革;发生在贵州的“遵义会议”和“四渡赤水”，则是中国现代史和军事史上最具浓重色彩的一笔，是“长征文化”的经典。 4)以茅台酒为代表的酒文化的显赫性。“酒”和“游”，自古以来就结下了不解之缘;( 贵州酒文化对贵州旅游的影响尤为深刻。在贵州各种文化品牌中，酒文化叫得最响。茅台酒被誉为文化酒、外交酒、健康酒。在少数民族村寨饮酒，我们所领略到的酒文化则别有一番情致，敬酒、劝酒、饮酒的方式林林总总，酒伴着舞，酒和着歌，无酒不成席，无酒不会客。从浓浓的酒香中，可以品味出各民族的风土人情，感悟到酒文化的真谛。 (5)天然避暑型气候的独特性。贵州的避暑型气候资源已属于越来越稀缺和珍贵的生态环境资源。贵州地势西部高，向北部、东部和南部逐渐降低，平均海拔1100米。贵州属亚热带高原季风气候，温暖湿润，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，大部分地区的年平均气温在15?左右。降水较丰富，年降水量在1300毫米左右。日照比较充足，年日照时数在1300小时左右。全省森林覆盖率达到40,，且以每年超过一个百分点的速度增长。夏季平均温度23.1度,有天然空调省的美誉，形成了理想的人居环境和避暑度假胜地。 2.旅游产品 经过20多年的持续发展，贵州现有“中国南方喀斯特”世界自然遗产1个，国家5A级旅游区2个，国家4A级旅游区3个，黄果树等13个国家级风景名胜区，梵净山等8个国家级自然保护区，百里杜鹃等21个国家森林公园，织金洞等6个国家地质公园，六枝梭戛等4个国际性民族生态博物馆，青龙洞等39个全国重点文物保护单位，侗族大歌等31项54个国家级非物质文化遗产，56个省级风景名胜区和1.8万个民族文化旅游村寨。 目前，贵州已经形成贵阳、安顺、荔波、凯里,镇远、黎平,从江,榕江、兴义,安龙、梵净山、遵义、赤水,习水-仁怀、织金,黔西、威宁-六盘水、乌江峡谷等综合旅游区和特色旅游区;正逐步推出高原喀斯特生态、丹霞桫椤生态、苗侗文化生态和民族文化、屯堡文化、长征文化、国酒文化、阳明文化、洞穴文化、夜郎文化等特色文化品牌;以民俗体验为特色的乡村旅游，已成为贵州旅游新的亮点。从产品空间分布上，现已形成以贵阳为中心向东南西北延伸的跨省精品旅游线:沿贵阳至黄果树高速公路与云南联接的，以观赏喀斯特景观和体验多民族文化为特色的西线黄金旅游线;向东沿伸至广西、湖南的黔东南苗侗体验原生态民族文化及自然生态的特色旅游线;向南沿伸至广西的荔波绿色喀斯特和布依、水、瑶民族文化旅游线;向北沿伸至重庆、长江三峡的长征文化、酒文化和丹霞风光旅游线 ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.