什么是地面塌陷

什么是地面塌陷 47、什么是地面塌陷,有哪些种类,各类地面塌陷的发育、分布特点如何, 地面塌陷是指地表岩、土体在自然或人为因素作用下，向下陷落，并在地面形成塌陷坑(洞)的一种地质现象。当这种现象发生在有人类活动的地区时，便可能成为一种地质灾害。 地面塌陷的形成原因复杂，种类很多。根据不同的分类依据，可分为不同的类型。现将常见的分类列举如下: 1、根据形成塌陷的主要原因分为自然塌陷和人为塌陷两大类。前者是地表岩、土体由于自然因素作用、如地震、降雨、自重等，向下陷落而成;后者是由于人为作用导致的地面塌落。在这两大类中，又可根据具体因素分为许多类型，如地震塌陷、矿山采空塌陷等。 2、根据塌陷区是否有岩溶发育，分为岩溶地面塌陷和非岩溶地面塌陷。岩溶地面塌陷主要发育在陷伏岩溶地区，是由于隐伏岩溶洞隙上方岩、土体在自然或人为因素作用下，产生陷落而形成的地面塌陷。非岩溶地面塌陷又根据塌陷区岩、土体的性质可分为黄土塌陷、火山熔岩塌陷和冻土塌陷等许多类型。 在我国发育的各类地面塌陷中，以岩溶地面塌陷的分布最广、危害最重。其散布范围从黑龙江到海南岛，从青海湖到东海之滨，以华南、西南、华北地区最为广泛。目前，已见有22个省(区)发育这类地面塌陷。其中以桂、粤、黔、湘、赣、川、滇、鄂、冀、鲁等省(区)最为发育。据不完全统计，全国岩溶地面塌陷点在778处以上，塌陷坑总数超过3万个，每年造成的经济损失达数至10余亿元。矿山采空区地面塌陷，许多矿区均有发育，尤以北方煤田区最为严重。其他各类地面塌陷分布零散，发育规模和危害性相对较上。 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 地面塌陷是石灰岩(岩溶)地区和矿山开发地区经常发生的一种地面陷落形成塌陷坑(洞)的破坏灾害,是我国最重要的地质灾害类型之一。据调查,全国有23个省(区、市)共发生石灰岩地面塌陷近900起,塌陷坑总数超过3万个。采矿地面塌陷相当严重,据对全国1173个大中型矿山企业调查,地面塌陷破坏土地面积达84200多公顷,煤矿区最为突出。华北、华东地区煤矿采空塌陷,每年平均为10.5万亩。地面塌陷,毁坏城乡各种建筑、交通设施和农田,威胁人民生命财产安全,影响经济建设,造成严重的经济损失。 地面塌陷发生的前兆特征 1、井、泉水位的突然升、降,水色突然浑浊或翻砂、冒气; 2、地面出现环状裂缝并不断扩展,产生局部的地鼓或下沉现象。 应急预防措施 塌陷发生后对临近建筑物的地面裂缝、塌陷坑及时填塞。 因地制宜加强治理 铁道部门用扣轨梁跨越岩溶地面塌陷。 地质灾害 是指在自然或人为因素的作用或影响下,形成的对人类生 命财产造成危害的地质作用(现象)。地质灾害的形成是致 灾地质作用与受灾对象(人、财、物、设施)相遭遇的结 果。没有致灾地质作用,灾害无法发生;而若致灾地质作用 遇不到有价值的受灾对象,造不成损失,也不称为灾害。致 灾地质作用是主导因素,受灾对象是被动客体。地质灾害 的类型常按致灾地质作用的性质和特点进行划分,而灾害 大小则以受灾对象的损失大小进行评估。我国地质灾害种 地质灾害 类很多,常见的有10类30多种。 地质灾害可分为自然地质灾害和人为地质灾害两类。地质 灾害的发生、发展过程,有的是逐渐完成的,有的则具有很 强的突然性。据此,又可将地质灾害分为缓变性地质灾害 和突发性地质灾害两类。缓变性地质灾害如地面沉降、水 土流失、土地沙漠化等,突发性地质灾害 如地震、崩塌、 滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等。缓变性地质灾害常有明显前 兆,对其防治有较从容的时间,可有预见地进行,其成灾成果 一般影响范围大,只造成经济损失,不会出现人员伤亡。突position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 发性地质灾害突然,可预见性差,其防治工作常是被动式的应急进行,其成灾后果常造成人员伤亡和重大经济损失。所以,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等是地质灾害防治的重点对象。 是指容易产生地质灾害的区域。易发区是一个相对的概念,并且可按照灾害种类划定,不同灾种其易发区范围不同,有点、带、区域性易发区。一般说,崩塌、滑坡易发区为 地质灾害易发区 点状;地裂缝易发区为条带分布;地面沉降、泥石流易发区呈区域性分布。易发区的划定要通过专业队伍进行地质灾害专门调查,按照易发区划定要求,结合本地区实际情况划定,并经县(市)以上人民政府国土资源管理部门审查认定。 是指致灾地质作用处于临界稳定状态或不稳定状态,有明显可能发生地质灾害且将造成较多人员伤亡和较大经济损失的地区。危险区需进行监测和应急调查,提出预防措施,危险区范围一般较小,且多指突发性灾害,即崩塌、滑坡、 地质灾害危险区 泥石流和地面塌陷灾害所影响的范围。危险区划定要通过专业队伍进行专门调查或勘查,对致灾地质作用的稳定性作出后划定,并经县(市)人民政府地矿主管部门审查认定。危险区应有明显预警牌和告示,以防灾害发生,造成人员伤亡。 国土资源部要求各级人民政府负责地质灾害防治管理部门,每年汛期前必须编制汛期地质灾害防治预案,这是确保人民生命安全,最大限度减轻灾害损失的一项防灾减灾的有效措施。 省(自治区、直辖市)级防灾预案,主要对省内重要城市、重点矿山、重要交通干线等灾害作出初步评价预测,对其防治提出原则建议;对影响特别大、可能造成重大人员伤亡和严重财产损失的隐患点,尽可能提出较为具体的预报意汛期地质灾害防灾预 见,提出可行的防灾、减灾措施建议;作出汛期突发灾害隐案 患巡回检查。 市(地)、县级防灾预案,主要应参照省(自治区、直辖市)级防灾预案对本地区地质灾害的趋势预报和防灾要求,圈定重点防范区段;对重要灾害隐患点,作出中长期预报,对其可能造成的危害进行预测。逐点落实包括监测、报警、疏散、应急抢险等内容的预防措施,防灾责任要落实到具体的乡镇、单位,签订责任书。明确具体负责人;作出群测人员培训计划和重要隐患点巡回检查计划。 地质灾害预报制度是地质灾害防治过程中,为避免或减轻地质灾害给人民生命财产造成损失,针对不同地质灾害实行事先预报的一项基本制度。防治地质灾害应该是“预报” 地质灾害预报制度 重于“治理”。预报的内容主要包括:发生时间、发生地点、成灾范围、影响强度。预报分为长期、中期、短期和临灾预报。 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 地质灾害长期预报,是指5年以上的地质灾害危险性的预报,包括地质灾害区划和易发区的圈定;地质灾害中期预报,是指几个月到5年内将要发生地质灾害的预报;地质灾害短期预报,是指几天到几个月内将要发生地质灾害的预报;地质灾害临灾预报,是指几天之内将要发生地质灾害的预报。 地质灾害各期预报按有关规定分别由县以上各级国土资源行政主管部门提出,报同级人民政府发布。 国土资源部国土资发[1998]15号《关于加强汛期地质灾害防治工作的紧急通知》中,特别强调要进一步完善地质灾害速报制度,要求各级人民政府负责地质灾害防治管理部门,发生地质灾害后,要把准确情况迅速上报,其要求如下: 发生一般级地质灾害,所在县人民政府应及时向地区(市)主管部门上报,并由县人民政府组织调查和作出应急处理;发生较大级地质灾害,所在县人民政府应于48小时内上报地区(市)主管部门,同时越级上报省主管部门,由地区(市)组织及时调查和作出应急处理,将详情上报省主管部门;发生重大级地质灾害,所在县人民政府应于24小时内上报地区(市)主管部门,并同时越级上报省主管部门和国务院主管部门,由省组织及时调查和作出应急处理,并将详情上报国务院主管部门;发生特大级地质灾害,所在县人民政府应于24 地质灾害速报制度 小时内上报地区(市)主管部门并同时越级上报省和国务院主管部门,由国务院主管部门或委托省(自治区、直辖市)有关部门组织及时调查和作出应急处理。在24小时内提交的速报报告,应根据已获得信息说明地质灾害发生地点、时间、伤亡人数、地质灾害类型,并尽可能说明灾害体的规模、可能的诱发因素、地质成因和发展趋势等。同时提出主管部门所采取的对策和措施。地质灾害应急调查结束后,应及时提交地质灾害应急调查报告。报告内容应包括:?发生位置,包括行政区、县、镇、乡、村等;?发生时间、伤亡人数;?已造成直接经济损失,可能的间接经济损失;?地质灾害类型;?地质灾害规模;?地质灾害发生原因,包括地质条件和诱发因素(人为因素和自然因素);?发展趋势;?已经采取的防范对策、措施;?今后的防治工作建议。 国土资源部国土资发[1998]15号《关于加强汛期地质防治工作的紧急通知》等文件中,特别强调要进一步完善险情巡视制度,要求地质灾害严重的地区各级人民政府负责地质灾害防治管理部门,汛期要组织技术力量对重点危险区地质灾害险情巡视制 进行地质灾害巡回检查,发现危险点和群众提供的险情线度 索,要作现场调查、迅速作出危险性、危害性判断,立即向上级主管部门报告,督促当地政府采取必要的应急防灾措施。特别要加强连续降雨后或暴雨后的险情巡回检查,防患于未然。 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 地质灾害严重的县(市),当地人民政府要在开展地质灾害调 地质灾害群测群 查与区划工作过程中,进行地质灾害群测群防预警体系建 防预警体系 设。初步建立起群众监测网络、群专结合的预报预警系统和各级行政首长负责的防灾指挥系统。 各级国土资源管理部门应当根据调查,将明显可能受地质灾害严重威胁的区域划定为地质灾害危险区,经所在地区县(市)以上人民政府批准后向社会公布。地质灾害危险区划定、公布以后,国土资源部门应该根据公布的危险区范围在周界上、特别是周界的道路旁设立明显的危险区标志,如桩、牌等。同时加强对地质灾害危险区的监督管理。 (1)在造成灾害威胁的地质灾害体未能得到有效治理,灾害威胁尚未解除前,危险区内禁止开展任何建设活动。若确 地质灾害危险区管制 需开展建设的,其建设中必须包括切实、有效的防灾措施并经国土资源管理部门审查同意方可开展建设。 (2)地质灾害危险区内禁止任何可能加剧、诱发地质灾害的活动。禁止在崩塌、滑坡危险区内进行削坡、填土、开挖水渠等活动;在岩溶塌陷危险区不能超量开采地下水。 (3)责成危险区所在乡级人民政府编制地质灾害危险区防灾预案。(4)责成有关部门、单位编制危险区地质灾害防治方案,经国土资源管理部门审查批准后实施并进行监督检查。 从我国国情出发,地质灾害防治工作,应遵循以下基本原则:坚持可持续发展的战略要求,促进经济发展和地质环境保护的综合决策,保障经济与社会可持续发展;突出“以人为本”的思想,要把确保人民生命安全放在首位,最大限度减轻灾害损失;坚持“预防为主,避让与合理相结合”的原则,着重 地质灾害防治原则 落实建立起适应社会主义市场经济要求的地质灾害综合防治体系,包括地质灾害防治法律法规体系、监督管理体系、监督预报和群测群防的防灾体系;坚持各级政府对地质灾害防灾预警体系;坚持按客观规律办事,因地制宜,东、中、西部防治重点各有侧得的原则。 查明灾害险情是实施地质灾害治理工程的前提。地质灾害实施防治工作前,为工程措施的选择、工程布置、结构设计和施工要求等提供依据。必须做好勘查工作,准确查明地质灾害的险情状况,包括致灾地质作用的性质、原因、变形机制、边界、规模、活动状况、稳定状况及危险程 地质灾害治理工程要度,以及所处的地质环境条件,并预测评价可能造成的危 求 害。 要合理确定防治目标。防治工程的防治目标包括形象目标和安全目标。形象目标指防治对象的范围、部位;安全目标指经过工程防治所应达到的安全。 要多方案比选防治工程方案。方案比选的依据是地质有效性、技术可行性和经济合理性。要妥善确定施工方法和施 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 工程序实行信息法施工。地质灾害防治工程的施工方法,既要有利于顺利完成本身的施工任务,又要不因施工扰动而对变形的质体造成新的破坏。对每种新的或较有破坏性的施工方法,采用之前都要进行方法(工艺)试验。地质灾害防治工程的施工要分阶段进行,以便根据前期效果修改后期工程设计。在施工中遇有地质情况与设计图所预计的不同或发生新的变化时,应及时修改。 要加强地质灾害防治中的监测工作。通过监测才能较准确地掌握地质灾害防治工程的效果。监测内容依地质灾害的性质及防治措施而定,监测网一经建立,就要按预定期限,坚持连续监测,并须及时整理分析监测资料,做出定期动态评价;发现险情要及时上报。 地质灾害防治工程是一项非标准化特殊的地质工程。对承担地质灾害防治勘查、设计、施工、监理工作的单位的素质有特别的要求。国土资源管理部门已颁布实施了《地质灾害勘查——设计单位资质#管理办法#》、《地质灾害防治监理单位资质管理办法》、《地质灾害防治工程施工监理办法》、《地质灾害防治工程施工单位资质管理 地质灾害防治工程 办法》。上述几项办法明确规定了地质灾害防治工程勘 资质管理 查、设计、施工、监理甲、乙、丙三级资质单位应具备的具体条件。按现行管理程序,申请地质灾害防治工程承担单位甲、乙级资质的单位由其上级主管部门推荐,经所在省(区、市)人民政府国土资源管理部门审核,报国务院国土资源管理部门审批。申请丙级资质的单位由其上级主管部门推荐,经所在省(区、市)人民政府国土资源管理部门审批,报国务院国土资源管理部门备案。 地质灾害危险性评估是对地质灾害的活动程度进行调查、监测、分析、评估工作,主要评估地质灾害的破坏能力。地质灾害危险性通过各种危险性要素体现。分为历史灾害危险性和潜在灾害危险性。历史灾害危险性是指已经发生的地质灾害的活动程度,要素有:灾害活动强度或规模、灾害活动频次、灾害分布密度、灾害危害强度。其中危害强度指灾害活动所具有的破坏能力,是灾害活动的集中反映,是一种综合性的特征指标,只能和灾害等级进行相对量度。 地质灾害危险性评估 地质灾害潜在危险性指未来时期将在什么地方可能发生什么类型的地质灾害,其灾害活动的强度、规模以及危害的范围、危险强度有多在的一种分析、预测。地质灾害潜在危险性受多种条件控制,具有不确定性。地质灾害活动条件的充分程度是控制地质灾害潜在危险性的最重要因素,包括地质条件、地形地貌条件、气候条件、水文条件、植被条件、人为活动条件等。历史地质灾害活动对地质灾害潜在危险性具有一定影响。这种影响可能具有双向效应,有可能在地质灾害发生以后,能量得到释放,灾害的潜在危 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 险性削弱或基本消失。也可能具有周期性活动特点,灾害发生后其活动并未使不平衡状态得到根本解除,新的灾害又在孕育,在一定条件下将继续发生。 灾害所造成的人员伤亡、财产损失、资源毁坏以及社会经济系统失控等一系列社会——经济现象称为灾情。地质灾害灾情评估是指对由于地质灾害造成的自然环境恶化,人类生命财产损毁或人类赖以生存发展的资源、环境发生严重破坏的现象进行调查统计、分析、评估的工作。 地质灾害灾情评估要素包括:致灾环境要素、地质灾害活动要素、受灾体要素、破坏损失要素。地质灾害灾情评估有多种类型:根据评估时间分为灾前预评估、灾中跟踪评估、灾后总结评估;根据评估范围分为点评估、面评估、区域评估。 地质灾害灾情评估 灾前预评估是对一个地区或一个潜在地质灾害事件的危险程度和可能造成的破坏损失程度(期望损失)的预测性评估,它的目的除了为减灾决策和防治工程提供依据外,还可对地区经济发展规划、城市建设规划以及土地利用规定等提供依据;灾中跟踪评估和灾后总结评估都是在灾害发生后,对已经出现的灾害进行调查、统计、分析,其目的是为及时、有效地进行抗灾救灾提供依据;点评估是指对一个地质灾害体或一个具有相同活动条件和特征的相对独立的灾害群的灾情进行评估;面评估是对一个具有相对统一特征的自然区域或社会区域进行的地质灾害灾情评估。区域评估是指跨流域、跨地区的地质灾害灾情评估。 国土资源部发布的《地质灾害防治管理办法》和《建设用地审查报批管理办法》中都明确规定,建设用地审批之前必须进行地质灾害危险性评估。所谓地质灾害危险性评估就是对在进行工程建设项目过程中,可能导致工程建设场地及其附近地质灾害发生的危险性,或者在已知的地质灾害易发区进行工程建设项目过程中,可能诱发地质灾害的危险性进行评估和估量,提出切实可行的防止地质灾害发生的必要措施,以避免或减轻国家和人民生命财产遭受损失。 建设用地地质灾害 崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害之所以会对人 危险性评估 类生命财产造成危害而成为地质灾害,基本有两种情形:一是工程选址不当,将居民点、重要工程选在受崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等威胁的地方;二是不适当的工程活动诱发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等,从而对人民生命财产造成危害。如果在工程建设前进行了地质灾害危险性评估,避免因工程选址不当或不恰当的工程活动诱发地质灾害,就能在很大程度上减轻损失,这是做好地质灾害的预防工作最有效的手段。 进行建设项目地质灾害危险性评估,对规范、约束人类工程经济活动,减少人为诱发地质灾害的发生具有十分重要 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and 的意义。评估结果必须经省级以上国土资源管理部门认定。申请办理建设用地审查批准手续时,必须持经省级以上国土资源管理部门认定的地质灾害危险性评估结果。凡省级以上国土资源管理部门认定不符合条件的,不予办理建设用地审批手续。 地质灾害危险性评估是一项专业性很强的工作,需要具有专门资质的单位按统一的技术要求进行评估工作。 position, ensure party always in thought, and political Shang, and action Shang with Central keep height consistent, makes we party always became has ideal, and has faith of Marx doctrine party. XI General Secretary of important indicates, full show has central in-depth advance full strictly rule party, and constantly strengthening Marxist ruling party itself construction of political set force, full reflect has central insisted thought party and system party phase combined, and continued grasp party of thought political construction of firm determination, full reflected has central deepening party education, and full promoted tube party rule party work to grass-roots extends of sharp attitude, has is strong of ideological, and political sex, and guide sex and targeted, for carried out "two learn a do" Learning education in the right direction, provided the fundamental follow. On February 29, in all members of the party, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular on "Constitution Party rules, series of speeches, be qualified party members" learning programme for education ... A major political task, carefully planned well, well organized, good solid. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the municipal party Committee to convene the meeting, conveyed the province's "two" educational Working Conference, discussed the city's follow-up. Municipal Secretary Mu Weimin presided over Conference Shi stressed, carried out "two learn a do" learning education is promoted full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of powerful hand, city levels party to stations overall, to Central par, put learning education as a items major political task, strengthened responsibility play, insisted above rate Xia, carefully organization implementation, and current the focus work organic combined, for construction big beauty XX, and vitality XX, and