标准体重对照表

标准体重对照 女子标准体重对照表 年龄|身高 152cm 156cm 160cm 162cm 164cm 166cm 168cm 170cm 172cm 176cm 19 46 47 49 50 51 52 54 56 57 60 21 46 47 49 50 51 52 54 56 57 60 23 46 47 49 50 51 52 54 56 57 60 25 46 48 49 50 51 53 55 56 57 61 27 47 48 50 51 52 53 55 56 58 61 29 47 49 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 62 31 48 49 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 62 33 48 50 51 52 53 55 57 58 59 63 35 49 50 52 52 53 55 57 59 60 63 37 49 51 53 53 54 56 59 60 61 64 39 50 52 53 53 55 57 59 60 61 65 41 51 52 54 54 55 57 59 61 62 65 43 51 53 55 55 56 58 60 62 63 66 45 52 53 55 55 57 58 60 62 63 66 47 52 53 57 57 57 58 60 62 63 67 49 52 53 56 56 57 59 60 62 63 67 51 52 54 56 56 57 59 61 62 63 67 53 53 54 56 56 58 59 61 62 64 67 55 53 54 56 57 58 60 61 63 64 67 57 53 55 56 57 58 60 61 63 64 68 59 53 55 56 57 58 60 61 63 64 68 61 53 54 56 56 57 59 61 63 64 67 63 52 54 55 56 57 59 61 62 63 67 65 52 54 55 56 57 59 61 62 63 66 67 52 54 55 56 57 59 61 62 63 66 69 52 54 55 56 57 59 61 62 63 66 男子标准体重对照表 年龄|身高 152cm 156cm 160cm 164cm 168cm 172cm 176cm 180cm 184cm 188cm 19 50 52 52 54 56 58 61 64 67 70 21 51 53 54 55 57 60 62 65 69 72 23 52 53 55 56 58 60 63 66 70 73 25 52 54 55 57 59 61 63 67 71 74 electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 27 52 54 55 57 59 61 64 67 71 74 29 53 55 56 57 59 61 64 67 71 74 31 53 55 56 58 60 62 65 68 72 75 33 54 56 57 58 60 63 65 68 72 75 35 54 56 57 59 61 63 66 69 73 76 37 55 56 58 59 61 63 66 69 73 76 39 55 57 58 60 61 64 66 70 74 77 41 55 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 43 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 45 56 57 59 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 47 56 58 59 61 63 65 67 71 75 78 49 56 58 59 61 63 65 68 71 75 78 51 57 58 59 61 63 65 68 71 75 78 53 57 58 59 61 63 65 68 71 75 78 55 56 58 59 61 63 65 68 71 75 78 57 56 57 59 60 62 65 67 70 74 77 59 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 61 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 63 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 65 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 67 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 69 56 57 58 60 62 64 67 70 74 77 年龄|身高 152cm 156cm 160cm 164cm 168cm 172cm 176cm 180cm 184cm 188cm 国际上常用的人的体重计算公式，以及身材比例计算(比较适合东方人) 标准体重=(身高cm-100)x0.9(kg) 标准体重(女)=(身高cm-100)x0.9(kg)-2.5(kg) 正常体重:标准体重，-(多少)10,( 超 重:大于标准体重10,小于标准体重20,( 轻度肥胖:大于标准体重20,小于标准体重30,( 中度肥胖:大于标准体重30,小于标准体重50,( 重度肥胖:大于标准体重50,以上 标准体脂肪:体重指数BMI=体重(kg)/{身高*身高(m)} electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 正常女子,19-24 理想体征计算法:(身高高度-70)*0.6[单位:千克] 美容体重计算法:爱美女性们所追求的窈窕身材，就是所谓美容体重了，它的计算方法是，将自己的理想健康体重再减去5千克。这就是对身型更加精益求精的要求，也是现在对黄金身材的最新诠释。 完美的身材应该是腰以下的腿长点全身的61.8%，也就是俗称的黄金分割。 胸围,身高(厘米)×0.535，腰围,身高(厘米) ×0.365，臀围,身高(厘米)×0.565。 实际计算得出的指数与标准指数?3厘米均属标准。小于5厘米，说明过于苗条(偏瘦);大于5厘米，说明过于丰满(偏胖)。但职业女模特的三围标准与此不同，由于职业需要，她们的三围标准与正常标准有一定的差距。 一般女性三围的比例是:胸围约等于臀围，腰围比胸围或臀围约小23厘米。通过测量计算，如果发现哪个围度与标准数据有差距，则可以通过健美运动来弥补矫正。因为针对性的健美运动能加强“三围”的协调发展，防止比例失调。此外，健美锻炼还能使身体各部位肌肉与脂肪分布均匀，有利于整个体格的健美。 另一个方法: 一个科学且方便的公式可以帮你了解胸部的大小与身体比例是否恰到好处。先测出胸围(单位:厘米)，再测出净身高，然后开始计算。胸围,身高,,得出的结果就是自己胸部的大小系数了。根据结果，看看相应的判断吧。 胸部较小:系数小于0.49 标准指数:0.5至0.53 美观标准:0.54至0.6 胸围过大:系数大于0.6 人每天应摄入多少热量 electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 根据世界卫生组织出版的《热量和蛋白质摄取量》一书,一个健康的成年女性每天需要摄取1800,1900卡路里的热量,男性则需要1980,2340卡路里的热量。其中,蛋白质摄取量应为人体每日所需热量的10%,15%;碳水化合物摄取量应不少于人体每日所需热量的 55%;脂肪的摄取量应不超过每日所需热量的30%。此外，每天摄取的盐不应超过6克，膳食纤维每天的摄取量应不少于16克。 以健康的成年女性为例,平均每餐应摄入热卡含量为600,650卡的食物,相当于10,12只黑芝麻汤圆、12,15只水饺或4只卷着豆芽和酱肉丝的春饼。而如果吃的是火锅,则相当于50克羊肉、50克肥牛、150克各色青菜、50克豆腐,外加一枚烧饼及一碗浓浓的羊肉汤。 男性每餐应摄入的热量较女性为多,约为680,800卡,换算成食物,约比女性多四分之一左右,即每餐应摄入12,15只黑芝麻汤圆、15,20只水饺、5,6只卷着豆芽和酱肉丝的春饼,或60克羊肉、60克肥牛、180克各色青菜、60克豆腐,外加两枚烧饼及两碗羊肉汤。 下面10种方法被专家们视为减肥的最佳途径。以每天平均摄取2000大卡热量为基点。 一、降低热量的摄取 营养学家认为，无论你控制什么——蛋白质、碳水化合物或脂肪，最终降低的是热量的摄取。如果一个人每天少摄取800大卡的热量，可在6个星期内减少 10磅体重;少摄取 500大卡，可在 2个半月内减轻10磅体electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 重。但切忌体重降得过快，否则是很危险的。须知，每人每天至少要摄取1200千卡的热量，如果供给身体的热量太少;就会失去肌肉。肌肉是人体消耗热量、促进新陈代谢的关键。 二、少吃脂肪类食物: 专家们指出，每1克脂肪合9千卡热量。与脂肪相比，碳水化合物和蛋白质每克所含热量要低得多，约4千卡。因此，要减肥不必少吃东西，可以以新鲜的蔬菜、水果、谷物代替每日所食用的含脂肪的食物(如奶油等地专家们认为，如果做到每天只吃20—40克脂肪，可以在 2个月内减轻体重 10磅。然而，不是每个人少吃脂肪都能减肥，如果碳水化合物食用过多，也会使体重增加。 三、减少食物的摄入量: 要想减轻体重，无须放弃喜爱的食物，重要的是要加以控制。如果偏爱某种食物且食用量大，那就要注意减少每次的分量。不是每周4次，每次 200克肉的食用量，而是每次 100克，这样就可以少摄取1200千卡的热量，可在大约7个半月的时间内减少们磅体重。建议减肥者在厨房放一个秤，贴一条提示标语，注意提醒自己摄取食品的重量。 四、多吃流食: electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 通常，流食的制做是很方便的。若每天有一餐只食用流食或饮料，则可在8个月内减轻10磅体重。流食要多样化，以免缺少营养。在医生指导下，甚至可以每日两餐流食。这样可在5个星期内减轻10磅体重。但要确保所选择的流食能提供身体所需的营养素和蛋白质，并要保证一日三餐。 五(走掉体重: 坚持每周5天，每天1次，每次在45分钟内走5公里的路程，这样做可在6个月内减去10磅体重。若在45分钟内走6.5公里，则体重下降得更快。也许有人会说“没有时间散步”。其实，时间是挤出来的。心血管医生指出:采用这种减肥方法可能会增加食欲。因此，散步之前或之后，可以吃一些低脂肪的食品或新鲜水果，多喝水，以补充因出汗减少的体内水分。 六、固定锻炼: 每周进行3—5次固定锻炼，不失为减少体内脂肪、减轻体重、增加肌肉、使精力充沛的好方法。跑步，每周 5次，每次45分钟，每分钟 170米的速度，可在3个月内减少10磅;跳舞，每周6次，每次1小时，可在4个月内减少10磅;游泳，每周4小时，可在4个月内减少10磅;骑electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 自行车，每周4次，每次1小时，每小时15公里的速度，可在5个月内减少10磅。如果以前没有进行过固定的锻炼，开始时要少做一些，以防伤害身体。运动量过大，会增加食量，这样也达不到减肥的目的。 七、力量训练: 力量训练能增强肌肉。肌肉越多，新陈代谢就越快。每周进行3次45分钟的举重锻炼，可在10个月内减少10磅体重。为避免弄伤身体，应请教练帮助选择适当的重量和制订适宜的锻炼。锻炼前后要做伸展运动，以保持身体的灵活性，举重的重量和次数可逐步增加。 八、降低热量摄取与散步结合: 以苏打水代替可口可乐，每天可少摄取 150千卡的热量。若再加上每周5次，每次45分钟的5公里散步，则可在3个月内减少10磅体重。如果降低的热量再多一些，仍保持上述的散步，则可在7个星期内减少10磅体重。 九、减少脂肪摄入与举重结合: electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 这种方法可以消耗体内多余的脂肪，保持好的体型，增长肌肉，加快新陈代谢，促进心血管的健康。每天少食20克脂肪，举重20分钟，每周进行3次，可在3个半月内减少 10磅体重。 十、最佳的选择: 根据上述九种方法，制订一个循序渐进和能够保证实施的计划，最理想的组合是控制脂肪的摄入，加强锻炼和力量训练。只要有信心并坚持不懈地去做，就一定能达到减轻体重，增强肌肉，促进心血管健康和肌体新陈代谢的目的。每天减少100千卡热量的摄入，每周进行3次散步，每次用30分钟走3公里，每周做2次举重锻炼，每次40分钟。如此组合，可在5个月中减少10磅体重。开始时就将三种方法结合起来做，可能不太适应，不妨试着逐渐增加。比如，一种方法一种方法地加上去做。要有耐心，不要急于求成。 专家指出妇女以每周减1—0.5磅体重最为理想，男性以每周减1,2磅体重为宜。 最佳答案一、饮食控制 饮食控制简单易行，是防治痛风的基本之一。其适应症包括:1、有痛风家属史的高危人群。2、有与痛风相关的疾病。如肥胖、高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症和心脑血管疾病。3、高尿酸血症。4、痛风性关节炎(包括急性发作期与间歇期)、痛风性肾病和尿酸性肾结石。 饮食控制的基本原则是不喝酒，不吃动物内脏,例如肝、肾、脑、心、肠等,和肉类的汤，少吃海产品，并且喝充足的水分，其他食品均可适当食用，但如果因某种食物过量摄入，确实曾引起过您的痛风发作，那么也应加以限制。 食物中嘌呤的含量目前尚无很好的方法，各家报道差异较大。对患者而言，定量的不准确可能会起误导作用，为此本节仅提出一些痛风患者必须坚持的饮食原则，以供参考。 electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 1、总热能:总热量的供给因人而异，如休息状态与体力劳动者有所不同。休息者热量每日按每千克体重25kcal,30kcal给予，体力劳动者则为30kcal,40kcal。对肥胖或超重者，应限制总热能，采用低热量饮食，即每日按每千克体重10kcal,20kcal给予。一般而言肥胖者每日减少50g主食为宜。1克蛋白质或1克碳水化合物在体内氧化能产生4kcal(16.8kJ)热能，而1克脂肪可产生9kcal(37.8kJ)热能。热能单位的换算:1kcal=4.18kJ(或简化为4.2kJ)，1kJ=0.239kcal，1MJ=1000kJ。 2、嘌呤摄入量:正常人嘌呤摄入量可多达600,1000mg/日。痛风患者在关节炎发作时每日不宜超过100,150mg。经治疗血尿酸能长期保持在正常水平后，摄入量可适当增加。但在具体操作时，难于做到定量摄入。相信没有人能知道一日三餐中嘌呤的精确量究竟是多少，但粗略的估计还是易于判断的，这方面内容将在以下有所详述。 3、碳水化合物:痛风患者主食应以碳水化合物为主，碳水化合物应占总热量的50%,60%，甚至可达70%。可选用大米、玉米、面粉及其制品(如馒头、面条、面包等)。但合并糖尿病者，碳水化合物的摄入应加于控制，每日按每千克体重4,5g给予为宜，约占总热量的50%,55%。 4、蛋白质:蛋白质每日摄入量按每千克体重0.8,1.0g给予为宜，约占总热量的12%,14%，每日蛋白质供应量可达60克左右。对于消瘦、体力劳动者、年迈者适当放宽。蛋白质以牛奶和鸡蛋为主，可适量食用河鱼，也可适量食用瘦肉、禽肉，但建议切块，煮沸让嘌呤溶于水，然后去汤再吃。对含有高嘌呤的食物如动物内脏和海产品，需减少摄取或禁止食用。 5、脂肪:脂肪每日摄入量按每千克体重0.6,1g给予为宜，约占总热量的20%,25%。并发高脂血症者要适当限制，尤其是在急性痛风发作期需避免高脂饮食，这是因为高脂饮食会抑制尿酸排泄。胆固醇的每日摄入量最好不超过300mg。少吃油煎食物。摄入的脂肪品种应以植物性油脂为主，例如:豆油、花生油、玉米油等。 6、盐:对合并高血压病、心脏病、肾损害者应限制盐的摄入，每日不超过6g为宜，一般控制在2,5g左右。 7、蔬菜、水果:蔬菜类除香菇、类豆(如扁豆)、紫菜和菠菜不宜大量食用外，皆可食用，水果则无禁忌。患者可饮用适量的果汁、菜汁，可使尿液变为碱性，促使结晶的尿酸溶解而容易由尿中排出。同时果汁和菜汁中含有丰富的维生素，有助于改善痛风的症状。 8、饮料及调味品:传统中医强调避免刺激性的饮料，如浓咖啡及浓茶类，甚至包括调味品、香料等也不宜多用。但现代医学主要根据食物中的嘌呤含量判断是否合适，所以对咖啡、茶及调味品没有限制。另外推荐碱性饮料，如可乐、雪碧、汽水、苏打水等可以碱化尿液，有助于尿酸排泄。但一般饮料中含糖量较多，对合并糖尿病者不宜，对肥胖者也不能过多饮用。 9、水:应多饮水，每日饮水量推荐2000,3000ml左右，可起到增加尿量(最好每天保持1500毫升左右的排尿量)，促进尿酸排泄及避免尿路结石形成的作用。水虽无毒性，但在某些情况下也不可多饮。例如:合并严重心功能不全、严重肾功能不全有显著浮肿时，不宜豪饮。 10、禁酒:痛风患者须禁酒，尤其是啤酒最容易导致痛风发作，应绝对禁止。虽然理论上可以喝一小杯啤酒，但谁会做到这一点呢,所以还是不喝为好。其机理是:(1)啤酒本身嘌呤含量虽然不高，约2,5mg/100ml，但它含有较多鸟苷，electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 代谢后会产生嘌呤。(2)酒精在体内会代谢为乳酸，易使体内乳酸堆积，乳酸可以抑制尿酸由肾脏排泄。(3)酒精会促进腺嘌呤核苷酸转化，加速体内ATP分解，产生尿酸。 11、豆类制品:可以适量吃一点。有学者统计发现，在所有引起痛风发作的诱因中，以啤酒最为常见,占60%,，其次为海产,18%,，内脏食物,14%,，而豆类制品则很少引起痛风发作,2%,。测量豆类的嘌呤含量除干黄豆外都很低。以豆类制品为主的素食者如和尚、尼姑也很少得痛风。这些均提示豆类制品可以适量食用，民间误传痛风禁忌豆类制品的说法缺乏科学依据。但豆类及其制品不宜摄入过多，特别是未加工过的豆类，笔者曾遇到一例在青蚕豆上巿时猛吃一大碗诱发痛风的患者。 二、痛风参考食谱 根据嘌呤含量，将食物分为低嘌呤食物(每100g食物含嘌呤<25mg)、中等嘌呤食物(每100g食物含嘌呤25,150mg)和高嘌呤食物(每100g食物含嘌呤150,1000mg)三类。但这只是个原则估计，在临床实践中需按实际情况作必要的调整。 1、可吃的低嘌呤食物 (1)主食类:米(大米、玉米、小米、糯米等)、麦(大麦、小麦、燕麦、荠麦、麦片等)、面类制品(精白粉、富强粉、面条、玉米面、馒头、面包、饼干、蛋糕)、苏打饼干、黄油小点心、淀粉、高粱、通心粉、马铃薯(土豆)、甘薯、山芋、冬粉、荸荠等。 (2)奶类:鲜奶、炼乳、奶酪、酸奶、麦乳精、奶粉、冰淇淋等。 (3)肉类与蛋类:鸡蛋、鸭蛋、皮蛋、猪血、鸭血、鸡血、鹅血等。 (4)蔬菜类:白菜、卷心菜、莴苣菜(莴笋)、苋菜、雪里红、茼蒿菜、芹菜、芥菜叶、水瓮菜、韭菜、韭黄、蕃茄、茄子、瓜类(黄瓜、冬瓜、丝瓜、南瓜、胡瓜、苦瓜等)、萝卜(包括胡萝卜、萝卜干等)、甘蓝、甘蓝菜、葫芦、青椒、洋葱、葱、蒜、蒜头、姜、木耳、榨菜、辣椒、泡菜、咸菜等。 (5)水果类:苹果、香蕉、红枣、黑枣、梨、芒果、橘子、橙、柠檬、莲、葡萄、石榴、桃、枇杷、菠萝、桃子、李子、金柑、西瓜、宝瓜、木瓜、乳香瓜、葡萄干、龙眼干。 (6)饮料:苏打水、可乐、汽水、矿泉水、茶、果汁、咖啡、麦乳精、巧克力、可可、果冻等。 (7)其它:黄油小点心、西红柿酱、花生酱、果酱、酱油、冬瓜糖、蜂蜜。油脂类(瓜子、植物油、黄油、奶油、杏仁、核桃、榛子)、薏苡仁、干果、糖、蜂蜜、海蜇、海藻、动物胶或琼脂制的点心及调味品。 2、宜限量的中等嘌呤食物 (1)豆类及其制品:豆制品(豆腐、豆腐干、乳豆腐、豆奶、豆浆)、干豆类(绿豆、红豆、黑豆、蚕豆)、豆苗、黄豆芽。 (2)肉类:鸡肉、野鸡、火鸡、斑鸡、石鸡、鸭肉、鹅肉、鸽肉、鹌鹑、猪肉、猪皮、牛肉、羊肉、狗肉、鹿肉、兔肉。 (3)水产类:草鱼、鲤鱼、鳕鱼、比目鱼、鲈鱼、梭鱼、刀鱼、螃蟹、鳗鱼、鳝鱼、香螺、红鲙、红魽、鲍鱼、鱼丸、鱼翅。 (4)蔬菜类:菠菜、笋(冬笋、芦笋、笋干)、豆类(四季豆、青豆、菜豆、豇豆、豌豆)、海带、金针、银耳、蘑菇、九层塔、菜花、龙须菜。 (5)油脂类及其它:花生、腰果、芝麻、栗子、莲子、杏仁。 electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain 3、禁忌的高嘌呤食物 (1)豆类及蔬菜类:黄豆、扁豆。紫菜、香菇。 (2)肉类:肝(猪肝、牛肝、鸡肝、鸭肝、鹅肝)、肠(猪肠、牛肠、鸡肠、鸭肠、鹅肠)、心(猪心、牛心、鸡心、鸭心、鹅心)、肚与胃(猪肝、牛肝、鸡胃、鸭胃、鹅胃)、肾(猪肾、牛肾)、肺、脑、胰、肉脯、浓肉汁、肉馅等。 (3)水产类:鱼类(鱼皮、鱼卵、鱼干、沙丁鱼、风尾鱼、鲭鱼、鲢鱼、乌鱼、鲨鱼、带鱼、吻仔鱼、海鳗、扁鱼干、鲳鱼)、贝壳类(蛤蜊、牡蛎、蛤子、蚝、淡菜、干贝)、虾类(草虾、金勾虾、小虾、虾米)、海参。 (4)其它:酵母粉、各种酒类(尤其是啤酒)。 三、对饮食控制的评介 食物只占每日尿酸来源的1/3至1/6，其余多为体内代谢自行产生，饮食控制大多只能使尿酸下降60umol/L。如果饮食控制太严格，维生素和必需的营养物质就不足，会造成蛋白质摄食不平衡，导致体内组织分解，内源性尿酸大量产生，反使血尿酸升高而加重痛风。总之，有人听到尿酸过高就过分强调限制饮食，因而失去了生活的乐趣，有人则置之不理，导致更严重的并发症，过犹不及都不是正确健康的态度，唯有耐心调整及坚持长期随访才是治疗成功的关键。 四、推荐的饮食控制方法 急性期的饮食:急性期应严格限制嘌呤的摄入，每日在150mg以下，可选用可吃的低嘌呤食物。蛋白质每日50g,70g，以牛奶(每日250g)、鸡蛋(特别是蛋白)、谷类为蛋白质的主要来源，脂肪不超过50g，以碳水化合物补足热量的需要。禁用高嘌呤食物，中等嘌呤食物也应控制。液体进量不少于每日3000ml，此外可用碳酸氢钠等药物使尿液碱性化。 缓解期(间歇期)的饮食:给以正常平衡饮食，以维持理想体重。蛋白质每日仍以不超过80g为宜。并发肾功能明显受损者应减少蛋白质的摄入。禁用高嘌呤食物，中等嘌呤食物有限量地选用，其中的肉、鱼、禽类每日可用60g,100g，还可将肉类煮熟弃汤后食用。低嘌呤食物可自由选用，其中新鲜蔬菜每日250g,500g，水果每日100g,200g。如果患者坚持服用降尿酸药物，血尿酸长期保持在较理想的水平，饮食控制相对可以放宽。反之，如果血尿酸据高不下，饮食控制就相对严格。 一日食谱举例如下:主食(米饭、馒头、面条、面包等均可)，牛奶1袋，鸡蛋1个或鸡蛋清2 份，瘦肉或河鱼2两，豆制品1两，绿叶蔬菜1斤，新鲜水果200克，植物油20克(约2汤匙)，食盐4克。 electrophysiology basics, pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing, and dynamic electrocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and other techniques. Understand the basics of coronary angiography and interventional therapy. 2. basic requirements number of studying disease and ask the kinds of diseases in heart failure ... Science is a broad, high integrity of clinical medicine, it is closely associated with the clinical section and is the Foundation of clinical subjects. Within the scope of scientific research including respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, blood, endocrine, nervous system disease, nutrition, and metabolism of connective tissue, joints, physical and chemical factors, and mental diseases. Training objectives of the phase II basic training, training during residency are not professional. Training in internal medicine on which to enable the resident working basis. Requires accurate inquiry, writing a history, a comprehensive physical examination, General familiar with the Rotary section diagnosis and treatment (including diagnostic and treatment technologies), the basic master the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of internal medicine, has a certain