伦敦2012奥运会奥林匹克公园设计理念

伦敦2012奥运会奥林匹克公园理念 外 情 通 报 No.200806〔12〕 日期:2008-06-24 上海同济城市规划设计 研究院 科研部 伦敦2012奥运会系列二:伦敦2012奥运会奥林匹克公园设计理念 2008年北京奥运会的脚步日益临近，各项准备工作都已经进入冲刺阶段，为进一步 了解和学习奥林匹克等运动场所规划，科研部特收集了北京奥运会的下届举办城市 伦敦为其奥运会做的各项准备工作，以提供借鉴。 — — 1 An inspiring legAcyA greAt Future AFter A greAt gAmes OUR visiOn is tO stage an exceptiOnal Olympic games and paRalympic games with a pROfOUnd and lasting legacy that inspiRes yOUng peOple and cReates a new eRa in cOmmUnity and URban develOpment linked tO spORt. the new Olympic paRk, the centRepiece fOR the games, will geneRate significant spORting, sOcial, ecOnOmic, cUltURal and enviROnmental benefits fOR the sURROUnding cOmmUnities fOR decades tO cOme. it will Reclaim the lOweR lea valley and tRansfORm One Of the mOst UndeRdevelOped aReas Of lOndOn and the Uk intO a benchmaRk 21st centURy URban enviROnment, One that Reflects the UniqUe, diveRse and vibRant pOpUlatiOn Of the city. the Olympic games and paRalympic games encOmpass a nUmbeR Of lOcatiOns and sites, bUt this dOcUment fOcUses On the site Of the Olympic paRk in lOndOn’s east end, wheRe the games will tRansfORm the lOweR lea valley intO a new URban qUaRteR that changes lives, a place Of lOcal and natiOnal pRide. we will Use the new spORting venUes, cOmmUnity facilities and seRvices fROm the games tO RegeneRate One Of the Uk’s and eUROpe’s pOORest cOmmUnities. OUR visiOn is tO maximise all the ecOnOmic, sOcial and enviROnmental benefits fROm hOsting the Olympic games and paRalympic games.water polovelodromebasketballaquaticsbmxathletes’ training areaOlympic villagefencingOlympic stadium handballhockeyibchockeympc| A spOrting chAncethe ‘Olympic, paralympic & legacy transformation the ‘site preparation planning application’ seeks planning applications’ for the Olympic park represent a permission for early works to allow the development of significant moment in delivering our vision for the Olympic Olympic and paralympic facilities. the ‘facilities and their park site and creating a benchmark 21st century urban legacy planning application’ seeks permission for the environment. the games are the catalyst for much core construction work and post-games reconfiguration of needed social, environmental and physical regeneration infrastructure for legacy use, including the construction of of a deprived area of east london – the lower lea valley six permanent venues.– and the sheer size and scope of the applications reflect both the scale of the challenge as well as the enormous a separate application is being made on land at clays opportunity that hosting the games will bring to this area. lane to accommodate that part of the Olympic village which is not within the stratford city development. Our job is to harness this potential and create one of the largest new urban parks in europe for 150 years, with a the Olympic delivery authority (Oda) and the london lasting legacy of world-class sports facilities, homes for development agency (lda) will also be preparing a the community that will live in the area and unrivalled ‘legacy masterplan framework’ which will focus on green open spaces around the park after the games. the post-Olympic delivery of residential, commercial and community use facilities. this will be a separate with the planning applications, we are effectively ‘locking-document, subject to a separate planning application. in legacy’ at this very early stage – five and a half years before the games begin.we have a long way to go to 2012. by planning legacy and games together now, we can ensure that the london 2012 One of the biggest sets of planning applications in Olympic games and paralympic games are remembered, european history – covering a land area of 246 hectares not only as a summer of fantastic sport, but also for the (2.5 square kilometres) – it sets out not just plans for regeneration of one of the most deprived areas of the Uk. new sporting venues, but also new highways, bridges, river works, utilities, parks, open space, and their post-games reconfiguration for legacy use. the application has been separated into two core elements to allow planning permission for site preparation works to be prioritised and approved in advance of the application for the park as a whole. this will enable key early works to proceed as soon as possible, allowing the early momentum of work on the Olympic park to continue.Roy mcnultysebastian coeActing chair, Olympic Delivery Authority chair, the london Organising committee for the Olympic games and paralympic games| the VisiOnOUR RespOnsibility is tO stage a gReat games fOR the athletes Of the wORld – a games that inspiRes yOUng peOple and heRalds a new eRa fOR cOmmUnity develOpment linked tO spORt, and maximises the sOcial, ecOnOmic and enviROnmental benefits Of the 2012 games fOR fUtURe geneRatiOns. the Olympic games and paralympic games are a worldwide celebration of sport, culture, art and design. the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural context for the long-term regeneration aspirations underpinning the london games 01 will place Britain centre stage in a global demonstration of cultural diversity and the strength of collaboration. the games and their legacy should be a showcase for the best of current and emerging creative talent drawn from the UK’s diverse population. The Olympic Delivery Authority’s (ODA) role in the physical transformation of the lower lea Valley will create a showcase for British architecture, urban design, construction, engineering and regeneration practice. In doing so, it is also preparing the ‘stage set’ for the london Organising committee of the Olympic games and paralympic games, its partner, to develop into the wider reaching showcase for sporting achievement, cultural diversity and creativity. RegeneRatiOn benefits?? Regenerate the lower lea valley, east london and the thames gateway, providing hundreds of jobs and business opportunities before, during and after 2012;?? introduce mixed-use development, comprising housing, employment, business, leisure and cultural and social facilities;?? bring forward regeneration that reflects the needs of local people; ?? create the platform for more than 9,000 new homes in and around the Olympic park – with schools, health and community facilities to match;?? provide state-of-the-art sport facilities for athletics, swimming, tennis, cycling, football and much more;?? improve connectivity and break down barriers to movement through the introduction of new highways, access points and bridges;?? enhance london’s infrastructure especially transport networks and access for disabled people;?? maximise the potential benefits of public transport infrastructure;?? enhance the physical environment, particularly through remediation, open space provision, waterway improvement and burying overhead powerlines;?? clean up the lower lea valley and provide the biggest new london park since victorian times;?? place the east end as one of the key destinations in the tourism economy of london; ?? Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases – through energy efficient design, renewable energy use, environmentally friendly transport and green spaces management.sOcial and cUltURal benefits?? bring 11,000 athletes to our doorstep, providing inspiration for the Uk’s youngest community;?? promote sport and healthy lifestyles – from walking through to elite competition;?? promote social cohesion in the most culturally diverse community in the Uk;?? engage and consult local communities and stakeholders in the development of the proposals;?? lift the arts and cultural life of the area, particularly through a sustained programme of festivals and celebrations;?? Radically improve east london’s image.| Our vision is to create an exceptional Olympic and paralympic games the aim is to create a park for legacy which will reflects its heritage, with a profound and lasting legacy, and in so doing reclaim the lower but responds to the diversity of cultures and demands of the lea Valley for london; creating a benchmark 1st century urban surrounding communities. Active engagement with the local residents environment reflecting the unique, diverse and vibrant population of will be an important means of ensuring that the park is appropriately the city. the london 01 Olympic games and paralympic games designed to foster pride and a sense of ‘ownership’ by those who are will drive one of the largest and most significant urban regeneration most likely to use it.projects in the uK; transforming the lower lea Valley into a new urban quarter and a place of community and national pride.the games as a catalyst fOR cOmmUnity RenewalAfter the london 01 games has come and gone, the regeneration We want to create a new benchmark for all future games; a fantastic of the lower lea Valley will have changed the city. it will have ‘once in a lifetime’ event, and the foundation for an inspired legacy, not established a new centre in London’s polycentric urban fabric, shifting only for the immediate Olympic park area, but the entire east end of development opportunities to the east. this newly connected and London. Built on the concept of ‘responsibility’, the 2012 Games will rehabilitated site will help provide for London’s projected growth respect and rehabilitate the environment and will provide opportunities for without increasing the city’s footprint. Focused on a vibrant active people who live in, work in and visit the area. As part of the commitment urban park and built along waterways, London’s newest centre will be to legacy, social infrastructure, education, healthy living and cultural a multi-functional and multi-cultural area. the goal will be to create expression are all essential components of the Olympic park proposals. an urban environment that embraces innovation with new ways of living, playing and working – fundamentally improving the quality of life every aspect of the delivery process, for the games and legacy, will for existing and new residents.be driven by our commitment to design quality and innovation to ensure that an exemplar new urban environment is created. london the lower lea Valley is already on the cusp of transformation. 01 will set the dramatic backdrop to the games through its architecture, is only a moment in time, but this single event will be a catalyst for its iconic landmarks and the cultural diversity of its people. the london change for the games area as well as greater london. With the 01 games will be held in an exceptional physical environment, spark of regeneration afforded by focusing the games in the area, one that provides a compact precinct but is also a celebration of the these communities will be reinforced by new housing, new job extraordinary post-industrial landscape of the Valley.prospects, improved transport connections, training opportunities and rising aspirations. the area can and will change as a result of the Olympic park has been designed to create a spectacular visitor bringing the world to London’s East End.experience for the duration of the games and will be shaped by the confluence of the rivers and canals that drive the form and character the development of the Olympic park will deliver numerous benefits:of this special environment. the river lea and the undulating ?? Significant employment and business opportunities will arise as a topography provides a unique and captivating setting for the sporting result of the development, with jobs being created in the construction and cultural programmes being planned. and operation of the Olympic park and the legacy development. these jobs are sorely needed in the five host Boroughs where there the arrangement of the major stadia and smaller venues around a is a notable issue of unemployment.central unifying concourse space provides coherence to the Olympic ?? Up to 4,500 new homes will be built for the Olympic Village that will be park that will mean visitors always feel part of the show, whether they converted post-games as a start for newly created neighbourhoods are watching the 100 metres final or strolling along the river edge. with new local schools, community and health facilities, as well as appropriate utilities, roads, and transport infrastructure. And, while considerations of staging a spectacular games have informed ?? Significant amounts of additional housing will also be developed the evolution of the design, an important force behind the development of on and around the games site as result of the positive impact of the masterplans has been the ambition to ensure a positive legacy and the this investment in social and physical infrastructure as well as the regeneration of the lower lea Valley.wider connections to the london economy.?? The Olympic Park site itself will be converted from its current As such, the design of the Olympic, paralympic and legacy contaminated, derelict and abandoned state to high-quality, transformation masterplans have evolved simultaneously to deliver public parklands, one of the largest new urban parks constructed the greatest possible synergy between them, and the least amount of in europe in the past 1 0 years.change post-games. ?? The parklands will restore and enhance the recreational and ecological role of this important river valley. It will become part of London’s famed design intentnetwork of green spaces – connecting the 26 kilometres of the Lea games and legacy are being planned hand in hand to ensure that we Valley regional park in the north to the canal networks and river leave a post-games park which is economically viable. We are committed corridors that connect with the thames in the south.to leaving no white elephants. to achieve this, the park and facilities are ?? The parklands also provide the platform for a mix of world-class designed with permanent elements for legacy, and, as far as possible, with sports venues and training facilities with more passive leisure and temporary structures for the Olympic Overlay for the games. educational pursuits, including cycling, walking, bird watching, fishing, wetland and outdoor classrooms. concourses, venues, pathways, and bridges will be dramatically ?? New roads, bridges, footpaths and cycleways will help ‘stitch’ reduced in size after the Games. The large ‘back of house’ and ‘front of together the east/west ‘tear’ in the urban fabric created by the house’ operational areas needed to support the major venues during the disconnecting networks of railways, waterways and utility corridors. games, will be temporary and removed after the games. they will leave ?? The construction of new power, water and gas networks will create new development platforms surrounding the permanent facilities that will the capacity for future large scale urban development and generate form the basis of new residential and mixed-use neighbourhoods. renewed investment interest and drive increased land values. Waltham Forestwaltham foreststratford citsytratford cityhacknehyackneyvictoriaV ipctaorrkia parknewhamnewhamtower thoawmelre htsamletslower lleoaw vearl leeya Valleyexcel centreRiver trhiavemr etshamescanaryc wanhaaryrf Wharfmillennmiuilmlen dnioume Domeexcel centre| inclusiVe Design AnD the gAmes1100 OUR visiOn is fOR bOth the Olympic games and paRalympic key pRinciples: ?? inclusive: so everyone can use them safely, games in lOndOn tO set new easily and with dignity;?? Responsive: taking into account what people standaRds fOR seRvices, say they need and want; ?? flexible: so different people can use them facilities and OppORtUnities in different ways;?? convenient: so everyone can use them without too fOR disabled peOple.much effort or separation;?? accommodating: for everyone, regardless of their age, gender, mobility, ethnicity or circumstances;setting new standaRds ?? welcoming: with no disabling barriers that might exclude some people; and the paralympic games and the paralympic movement have a very ?? Realistic: offering more than one solution to help special place in the history and development of sport in the uK, balance everyone’s needs and recognising that one dating back to 1 and the origins of the paralympic games at solution may not work for all.stoke mandeville, near london. Our vision is for both the Olympic games and paralympic games in london to set new standards for services, facilities and opportunities for all people. Our vision for the games encompasses a continuous 0-day celebration of youth and passion that views Olympians and paralympians with equal respect.will be a new paralympic landmark; for the first time a permanent new Inclusivity is a key aspect of the ‘Olympic Spirit’. The Olympic Games venue – the Olympic Park tennis centre at Eton Manor – will be built and paralympic games will be designed to include all people. the specifically for the paralympic games. the paralympic Archery Venue will development of the legacy communities will build upon the values be transformed into a permanent hockey facility in legacy.established by the games and will set new standards for access to homes, workplaces and the local environment. the park will the internal layout of the venues will accord with the principles of address accessibility at its most fundamental level; both in terms of inclusive design, where disabled and non-disabled people use the the diversity of spaces to ensure use by all, and also physically, to same access routes and methods wherever possible. Facilities will ensure that the park is designed to encourage access to all areas by be accessible throughout and the appropriate sightline and viewing all users. inclusion and integration guide our vision. Our ambition standards for each of the sport disciplines required within each of is that all people will have a fantastic experience and appropriate the venues for all modes (Olympic, Paralympic and legacy) will be level of service in the park, venues and other facilities. this ambition achieved to ensure appropriate levels of accessibility for all. these will hold for everyone – athletes, spectators, journalists, sponsors, design principles also apply to the development of the residential staff, contractors and volunteers. it will be integral to every aspect units to house athletes in the Olympic Village during the games. of planning and operations across all functions. the aim is to create All homes in the Olympic Village will be built to lifetime homes and build venues, develop the Park and enhance transport (both for standards post-games, and 10% of all housing in the clays lane the Games and for the legacy facilities) which is of high quality and portion will be fully wheelchair accessible post-games. inclusive, that meets the built environment needs of everyone on equal terms regardless of age, disability, ethnicity or social grouping. inclUsive tRanspORtthe provision of accessible transport facilities leading to and around inclUsive designthe park will be crucial to its success as an inclusive development. inclusive design is an integral part of the design process, and has been the Olympic transport plan has been developed to take into account since the project began. even at this early stage, all of the Olympic park the diverse needs of visitors to the park. All of the public transport and venue concepts have been planned with the unique challenges in facilities serving the Olympic park will be accessible. the entire mind and the need to ensure an inclusive design solution. the Olympic Docklands Light Railway network and all of London’s 21,000 licensed Village, all of the sporting venues and the supporting facilities will be black cabs are already accessible to wheelchair users, as will be accessible both during and after the games. the aim, where possible, is every london bus by 00 . to provide gradients of 1: 0 across the primary movement corridors and to ensure ease of access to all venues and facilities.A creative approach to ticketing will be based on the successful promotion of paralympic events at the 00 commonwealth games in An inclusive environment does not attempt to meet every single need, but manchester. multi-venue day tickets and free transport between venues by considering people’s diversity, inclusive environments can break down will ensure every athlete enjoys passionate and vocal support. barriers and will often achieve superior solutions that benefit everyone. The phrase ‘inclusive design’ relates as much to the design process Our benchmark for the design is to ensure that the experience of the as to the final product and just as equally to management, operation park for a disabled person has to be at least comparable with that of and information, bonding user experience with professional expertise. a non-disabled person when developing the approach to the provision Inclusive design is not solely about disabled people’s access of transport within the park, during the games. it is envisioned that a requirements but about access for all. shuttle bus will use the loop road to travel around the Olympic park. this service will pick up and drop off disabled people and mobility london 01 will see the paralympic athletes competing in many of the impaired at the venue front of house stops. internal buggies will carry same venues as the Olympians. this will include, among others, -a-side up to six people at a time and will travel at walking speed on the and -a-side football in the hockey Venue, goalball in the handball concourse. Additionally, manual wheelchairs and scooters will be on Arena, and Wheelchair rugby in the Basketball Arena. in addition, there loan at each of the entrance points to the Olympic park. |110011 the Olympic pArK Design cOnceptthe design Of the Olympic paRk is centRal tO the games’ sUccess and tO leaving a lOng-teRm legacy fOR the fUtURe, thROUgh the wideR benefits Of RegeneRatiOn. the aim is tO cReate a cleaR setting fOR the games with a gReat vaRiety Of spaces tO enRich and sUppORt the visitORs’ expeRience Of the Olympic pRecinct beyOnd 2012.masteRplan stRUctURe and elementscOncOURseto create an Olympic park that can be fully experienced by cOmpact pRecinctspectators and visitors, the site will be unified by the central spine the design concept that has guided the vision for the Olympic and that will form the concourse. paralympic masterplans is the delivery of a profoundly beautiful Olympic park following the river lea Valley. the park represents the the concourse has been designed to allow the easy movement and defining element of the london 01 games. With access points to flow of crowds. As the main circulation spine throughout the park, it the north, south, east and west, it provides a central circulation spine dynamically winds through the riverine landscape of the lea Valley to and parkland setting for the sporting venues.give public access to each of the venues. the concourse will carry the Olympic park continuously over any of the roads, waterways and RiveRine landscape rail lines that cross the site using dramatic land bridges. the Olympic, paralympic and legacy masterplans build on the existing characteristics of the lower lea Valley, especially the waterways and the venUesinteresting and varied topography. the area features a number of level the location of each venue is crucial. it is imperative that every effort changes, creating an undulating landscape of gentle hills and ridges is made to ensure that these venues perform to the levels demanded rising above and falling back down to river and canal edges. Although by such an important event. some areas require re-grading, the masterplan takes advantage of the level changes to assist crowd movement, create obvious landmarks and the individual venues are located to ensure that each one has the routes, and accentuate dramatic views into, from and through the site.necessary circulation space and room for the secure ancillary facilities that are required, and that over-crowding of the concourse areas is not accessan issue. the larger capacity venues, including the Olympic stadium, to ensure that the arrival and departure of spectators is dispersed Basketball and the Aquatics centre, have been located at the southern across the Olympic park, four spectator pedestrian entrance points end of the park to be closest to transportation hubs within stratford are proposed in the Olympic park.city. this ensures the best fit for an easy transition to legacy use.the four entrance points are:the smaller venues in the north of the site, including the Velodrome, ?? Eastern access, which is the primary access into the Olympic Fencing, BmX, hockey and handball Arenas have been clustered Park via the ‘Stratford City Bridge’ for spectators arriving from to give critical mass and help spread visitor movement and activity stratford regional station and stratford international station, throughout the park. and brings spectators directly to the Olympic Stadium’s principal entrance, passing the Aquatics centre;fROnt Of hOUse?? Southern access at the Greenway Land Bridge for spectators Each venue has a defined ‘front of house’ space positioned between arriving from West ham station and the temporary southern the venue entrances and the main circulation areas of the park. each coach drop-off facility; of these spaces has been sized to allow for general circulation and as ?? Northern access for spectators using the temporary northern a gathering area for spectators before they enter the venues. in the coach drop-off and disabled parking facility; case of an emergency evacuation of the venue, it is envisaged that ?? Western access for spectators arriving at the Greenway.they will offer an area of relative safety, which in most cases sets the required size. given the compact nature of this site, these areas are there will be temporary cycle parking available at the southern tightly organised in most locations but may allow for some kiosks or access, in Victoria park, and at the northern access points as well as temporary facilities should these be deemed safe from a crowd flow the existing bike parking available at stratford regional station.or evacuation standpoint.11 northern spectator transport mallwind turbinenorthern accessparalympic tennis & archery / athletes’ training areavelodromehockeybmx trackinternational broadcast centre / main press centrefencing hallmedia transport mallOlympic villagehandball arenastratford international stationOlympic family transport mallsponsors’ villageenergy centrebasketball arenawestern accessstratford Regional stationaquatics centreOlympic stadiumloop Roadeastern accesssouthern accesswarm up — athletics southern transport mall|11 1 back Of hOUseOlympic villageEach venue’s supporting facilities (back of house areas) are located to the Olympic Village is located immediately adjacent to the north-east the rear of each building, with access directly from the secure Olympic boundary of the Olympic park and stratford international station, loop road. these back of house areas are separated from the public offering a convenient and well served environment for athletes, concourse in the centre of the Olympic park. the guiding principle in officials and their families. through its location next to the Olympic the layout has been to consolidate the back of house spaces and to park, travel distance to all of the venues within the park will be less minimise their visual impact by tucking them behind the venues and than 0 minutes and this will account for up to 0% of athletes.infrastructure, creating an animated park edge. the vast majority of the back of house structures will be temporary tents, cabins, trailers, spectatOR seRvice aReasor modular units. the venues that are close together are able to share Within the park, there will be a number of spectator service areas. back of house facilities ensuring greater cost and space efficiencies.these range from large compounds which will hold food courts, restaurants, cultural pavilions, sponsors’ showcases, WC facilities, inteRnatiOnal bROadcast centRe retail shops and the like; to smaller areas which will feature kiosks, / main pRess centReinformation booths, and other event spaces. The International Broadcast Centre and Main Press Centre (IBC/MPC) site in the north-west corner of the Olympic park will provide an efficient, A number of different spectator service areas have been identified secure and easily accessible home for the broadcasters and press, on the masterplan to indicate their likely location. A few of these providing hour support and facilities. the facility is designed to meet areas will be dedicated to the larger weather-protected compounds, the highly technical requirements of the games, but retain the flexibility to while the others will be predominantly outdoor facilities with sun and transform into a number of legacy uses. its close location to the A1 , the rain shading. Where possible, the spectator support services will be loop road and the multi-storey car and coach park will guarantee good provided by permanent buildings which will be retained in legacy for circulatory linkages to individual venues and offsite events. uses such as a café, offices, event spaces and other park services.loop Roadconcourse — central circulation spineOlympic park / lea valley11 lOOp ROadUtilitiesthe loop road is located around the edge of the park. During the the scale of development proposed for the games will require new Olympic games and paralympic games the loop road will allow and additional supplies of power, gas, water, drainage and waste vehicular circulation and access to each of the main venues while organisation. this need provides the opportunity to install new acting as a secure area around the edge of the park. it is designed sustainable systems, that will be far more resource and energy efficient as a two lane, mainly one way figure-of-eight road (anti-clockwise) than those currently in operation. A local multi-utility network will which will provide connection between the back of house of each be developed to operate independently for the games, and will be venue, the Olympic Village, the Sponsors’ Hospitality Area and the integrated into wider lower lea Valley systems as these are developed surrounding strategic road network. All vehicles using the loop road in the future. generally, infrastructure solutions will be developed for will be security checked before entering the network. the legacy requirements with the addition of Games’ requirements achieved through temporary generators and support equipment.the loop road is approximately kilometres in length and provides full disabled access to all venues. At each venue the loop road will expand the goal is to deliver new renewable energy infrastructure that provides to five lanes (including a drop-off lane) to enable athletes, officials, media, up to 0% of the Olympic park and Olympic Village energy demand sponsors, workforce and Olympic Family members to be ‘dropped off’ post-games in 01 . this will be achieved by construction of a wind at the venue. in legacy, the intention is to retain up to 0% of the loop turbine on eton manor in the north of the site and a new energy centre Road and incorporate it into the design of the local ‘character areas’.on the Kings yard site at the western edge of the Olympic park, which there is a two-way link road situated in the middle of the park, on the will include a combined cooling heat and power plant and bio-mass existing carpenters road alignment. this link will negate the need to boiler. Additionally, the masterplan provides the flexibility to incorporate complete a full loop of the Olympic park. there will be three entrance emerging technologies to enhance the environmental performance of points onto the Loop Road; in the north (off the A12/Ruckholt Road), future developments on the site. the intention is to achieve a carbon south (off the A11/Marshgate Lane) and west (off the A12/Wick Lane). neutral park during our legacy transformation. design pRinciplesthe following principles underpin the layout of the Olympic and paralympic masterplans:?? a focus on the legacy from the very outset of the masterplanning exercise and the role of this legacy in the wider regeneration process;?? minimising the land requirement for the games through efficiency of layout and by co-locating venues which are able to share ‘back of house’ facilities;?? creation of a compact Olympic park that contains as many venues as possible to create a critical mass of activity and sense of ‘atmosphere’ within the context of public transport capacity and the circulation space required for the safe operation of the games;?? creation of entrance points into the Olympic park in locations which allow balanced management of crowds, with access in the north, south, east and west;?? definition of a central concourse to allow ease of movement around the site, aid crowd management, provide a core to the Olympic park from which venues can be accessed easily, provide an arena for hosting the many visitor facilities and spectator accreditation check areas, and provide a major park space for the lower lea valley following the games;?? creation of the Olympic park within a clearly defined security cordon which meets security requirements, with key ancillary facilities such as parking areas immediately adjacent to, but outside, the secure Olympic park; ?? creation of a perimeter loop Road, to act as a secure area around the edge of the park and provide easy access for servicing and transporting accredited user groups. this will also provide significant roadway infrastructure to access development areas in legacy.|11 1 Olympic Venuesnine new venUes will be sitUated within easy walking distance Of each OtheR, allOwing cOmpetitORs and spectatORs alike tO expeRience the UniqUe atmOspheRe Of the Olympic games and paRalympic games.Besides venues outside the Olympic park taking advantage of peRmanent venUes:existing sports infrastructure and iconic london locations, a number ?? Olympic Stadiumof high profile new sports venues are located in the Olympic park. ?? Aquatics Centre (except for Water Polo)each and every venue has a special role to play in the structure of the ?? Handball ArenaOlympic park and the staging of the games. ?? Eton Manor (Indoor Tennis and Hockey Centre)?? Velopark (Velodrome and BMX)the sporting venues, sitting within the urban park, will be both the ‘face’ of the Games as well as the visual memory engrained in tempORaRy venUes:millions of visitors and television viewers. ?? Basketball Arena?? Hockey Venue the primary goal for the design of the venues will be to deliver a profound ?? Fencing Venuevisual statement that reflects the importance of the games, while responding to the balanced urban, architectural and landscape framework design pRinciples:that defines the Olympic park. regardless of their temporary or permanent ?? Ensure the design and construction of venues integrate their status, design quality will be sought in the design of every venue.future use and size into their games form; clearly recognising the transition from games to legacy. Venue designers and contractors each venue is uniquely set within the overall park composition to provide will demonstrate feasibility, innovation and coordination;an independent identity while also reflecting the coherent design intent ?? Create a consistent language of architecture and architectural of the wider masterplan. the venues will embrace a combined design intent ensuring integration with the surrounding park;approach incorporating the building design with the landscape and front ?? Ensure the design of the venues reflects the high cultural and of house areas to ensure integration within the park.sporting importance of the london 01 games in terms of innovation, durability, lifecycle costing, maintenance, sustainability, the venues that will remain post-games will be tested according to environmental awareness, and suitability of application;legacy business cases, to ensure each has a sustainable future. A ?? Provide world-class sporting facilities and venues in accordance careful balance will be sought between minimising the amount of with iOc, international sport federations and uK legislation;temporary venues within the park, and minimising the economic risk of ?? Ensure all venue accommodation requirements are met;legacy venues without a firm and sustainability legacy business case.?? Ensure 2012 Games Overlay requirements are met; 11 ?? Provide safe crowd flow and spectator circulation routes;connections, the desire is that the legacy park and venues will ?? Ensure all venue and spectator circulation areas meet accessibility encourage and promote cycling and walking. each of the venue designs design standards, and incident evacuation requirements;will need to incorporate, support and strengthen the following concepts:?? Provide efficient and dedicated circulation routes with appropriate facilities for all accredited user groups;?? The synthesis of formal and organisational principles that will ?? Ensure spatial affinity between each operational compound layout;provide an all-encompassing image which will represent, through ?? Provide adequate logistics and service access to each of the architecture, the london 01 games;venues via the loop road;?? For the permanent venues; the delivery of a structure and identity ?? Provide spectator holding areas in relation to the competition that will become a lasting legacy for the lea Valley; symbolic of schedule as required;the commitment to providing community athletic facilities;?? Provide locations for the all spectator service areas;?? For the temporary venues, the design will embrace innovative ?? Ensure the design of all venues meets current client security protocol. use of materials and form to create a ‘stage-set’ that reflects the significance of the games; post-games the venues must seamlessly connect with their ?? The designs should reflect the integration of buildings within the surroundings, reinforcing links to existing communities and creating unique landscape of rivers, canals and industrial heritage; a fully integrated landscape where buildings and nature flow into ?? The venues should incorporate geometries that will be able to each other. the architecture of the buildings will need to carefully merge the character of the site and the nature of the event as well integrate with the more intimate scale of their parklands and urban as embody a strong statement for the legacy of the lea Valley; neighbourhood settings of their future surroundings. the venue ?? In addition to reflecting the forms, geometries and composition designs must support these objectives.of the park, the buildings should work with a material palette that has a common and consistent design intent. this aspect will be in legacy, a share of park visitors, particularly from the neighbouring further developed in emerging design codes;areas, will arrive at the venues by sustainable means of transport – in ?? The architecture of the venues must suitably address both Games and ways that benefit their health and the environment. For this reason, all legacy. Design must be flexible enough to efficiently accommodate the the legacy venues will be linked to Sustrans Route 1 (National Cycle business plan requirements – such as venues occasionally expanding Network); which is part of the Lea Valley Pathway, linking the Thames seating capacity to stage future major sporting events.pathway and the heart of london. through new cycle and pedestrian |11 1 Olympic stADiumlOndOn 2012 gameslegacyWith a seating capacity of up to 0,000 seats, the Olympic stadium Following the games, the Olympic stadium will be reduced in will truly be the showpiece venue of the games. innovative design capacity to its permanent legacy form. the ambition is to create a and construction techniques will be used to transform the stadium facility that with its surrounding buildings becomes an active part of into a signature legacy venue of up to ,000 seats.the neighbourhood and community, and, through its use, brings life and vibrancy to the local area. it will be primarily designed for use During the london 01 games the Olympic stadium will host as an athletics venue, but should be flexible in its ability to stage the opening and closing ceremonies, track and field events and concerts, and cultural, community and other sporting events to the marathon race finish. For two weeks it will be one of the most ensure operational success and long-term economic viability.recognised icons in world sport, seen by over a billion people watching the games around the world. the stadium will remain as one of the more prominent games venues within the park. located on an impressive island site in the south of the stadium will be designed and built with its legacy use and the park, surrounded by waterways and infrastructure, the stadium size integrated into its games form. it will incorporate sustainable will be connected to the Olympic park by a series of bridges. and intelligent building systems. the building will use cutting-edge technologies in temporary construction through the building’s transformational qualities and flexible architectural form.the 80,000-seat Olympic stadiUm will hOst the Opening and clOsing ceRemOnies, as well as the athletics events, maRathOn finish and Race walk staRt and finish. the icOnic venUe will be seen by OveR a billiOn peOple watching the games aROUnd the wORld.please note that the following drawings of the individual venues are illustrations only and are not the agreed designs. the Aquatics centre is the only venue where the concept design has been agreed.11 AQuAtics centrelOndOn 2012 gameslegacythe Aquatics centre will provide one of the most significant Following the games, the Aquatics centre will be reduced in capacity architectural elements in the Olympic Park — creating a front door to to its permanent legacy form. the temporary seating and temporary the open space, sporting venues and ecological zones of the Olympic Water polo venue will be removed from the site, leaving the venue park. this impressive venue will be the first building spectators will with permanent seating accommodation for up to , 00 spectators. see as they arrive for the games from stratford city.the Aquatics centre will be designed from its inception for legacy use the design for the Aquatics centre has a spectacular, sinuous as the london Aquatics centre for elite training and development, with s-shaped roof, inspired by the flow of water, which is certain to make flexibility to inclusively support both local and wider community groups. it it a london landmark. the venue design includes two 0-metre will be a multifaceted venue, capable of hosting national and international pools, one for the main competition events and one for warm up, and aquatic events, as well as providing elite training facilities for the sporting a competition diving pool. it will have a temporary capacity of up to disciplines of swimming, diving, synchronised swimming and water polo. 0,000 seats for diving and swimming competitions and an additional 5,000 seats for Water Polo as well as all the ‘back of house’ facilities A range of leisure activities and facilities will be offered to the public required for the games. including two 0-metre pools, a diving pool and health and fitness centre to accommodate a diverse range of users. the additional legacy facilities During the games the Aquatics centre will host the swimming, and activity programme will contribute to the long-term viability of the Diving, synchronised swimming and Water polo and the swimming component of modern pentathlon competitions, as well as medal presentation ceremonies. the state-Of-the-aRt aqUatics centRe inclUdes twO 50-metRe pOOls and a wORld-class diving pOOl. the bUilding will pROvide a stUnning gateway intO the Olympic paRk – effectively the fROnt dOOR tO the paRk.|11 1 ‘this bUilding has an exceptiOnal scUlptURal qUality that will make it a wOndeRfUl bUilding tO visit, attRacting peOple tO east lOndOn. it sets the standaRd fOR aRchitectURal qUality in this key RegeneRatiOn aRea.’lORd ROgeRs 00 eUan glendale is a swimmeR whO tRained at the aqUatics centRe and is nOw paRticipating in the games.Euan Glendale stared up at the roof of the training pool. ‘I cannot believe I am here’, he says to himself. His endless training in Scotland seemed a long way away, since qualifying this summer for the national swimming team. today he was taking his first laps in the Olympic training pool; early this morning he had walked from the Olympic Village to the Aquatics centre. the walk through the park by the river was beautiful; there was mist on the river, sun shining through the trees, birds singing; the start of another hot summer’s day. Soon the Park will start to fill with spectators in anticipation of another day of Olympic competition. But for now, it was a private space for the athletes streaming out of the Village to enjoy the tranquility of the park.As he looked up at the extraordinary pool roof, he thought about the thousands of people who were at this moment walking above and how they probably didn’t realise that the main entrance to the Olympic Park was actually the roof of the training pool. The views from the bridge are really amazing; across the Olympic Park to the Olympic Flame and the City beyond. The coach’s voice broke into his thoughts, ‘OK, back to the training, Euan. No more daydreaming – give me 1000 metres, easy warm up…’| 00 1 hAnDBAll VenuelOndOn 2012 games legacythe handball Arena is located immediately south of the iBc/mpc in legacy, the arena becomes an important multi-purpose sports facility, and east of the hackney cut. During the Olympic mode it will host with the ability to host both large scale, World championship events for the full handball competition and the goalball competition during the handball, basketball, volleyball and national, regional and community paralympic games. events for a multitude of other key sports from the games programme.together with the two hockey Venues, the handball Arena provides a the arena will maintain its ability to host a full capacity of up to 10,000 major ‘spectator draw’ towards the north-west quadrant of the Olympic spectators in legacy with built-in seating flexibility to enable a variety of park, helping distribute visitors throughout the park. adaptable internal spaces and seating configurations to be able to hold multiple events and/or training concurrently.the arena is located directly on top of the two ctrl tunnels that leave stratford international station to the west. the rationale behind the north-south orientation of the handball arena is to enable the roof structure of the arena to span either side of the CTRL tunnel’s limits of deviation, providing the most cost effective structural solution for this large span arena.the peRmanent handball venUe will accOmmOdate Up tO 10,000 spectatORs in an indOOR aRena at the veRy centRe Of the Olympic paRk. the aRena will have a pOweRfUl legacy as a mUltipURpOse spORt facility. VelOpArKlOndOn 2012 gameslegacythe london 01 games will host four disciplines of Olympic and in legacy, the four integrated specialist cycling facilities -track, road, paralympic cycling races; track, road, mountain Bike and BmX events. mountain Bike and BmX cycling sports - will be clustered together to the track cycling and BmX events will take place within the Velopark; a form the new Velopark. this unique regional and community cycling multi-discipline cycling centre in the north east of the Olympic park.centre will provide amenities for a variety of disciplines and abilities. the central element of the Velopark will be the Velodrome where, The VeloPark’s legacy form will be a permanent expression of cycling during the Olympic games and paralympic games the ,000-seat excellence in the uK and this will be reflected in the architecture, Velodrome will host the indoor track cycling events and the track inclusiveness, security, operability and financial viability.medal presentation ceremonies. the Velodrome will be a significant architectural venue within the Olympic park; embodying both the While the central Velodrome venue will remain, the legacy addition games as well as the legacy aspirations for the lower lea Valley. the of a complementary outdoor road cycle circuit, BmX and mountain venue architects will be selected by design competition. bike course will ensure that each of the differing facilities within the Velopark will be capable of accommodating a broad range of Adjacent to the river lea and south of the Velodrome, a purpose built disciplines, ages and abilities in cycling from novice to elite-training. but temporary BmX circuit will be built for the games. the Olympic BmX venue will accommodate up to ,000 spectators during the three-day ensuring operational success and long-term economic viability is programme of the Olympic games. Following the games, the BmX circuit imperative, and as such, the legacy Velodrome will share amenities will be relocated to its permanent location to the west of the Velodrome.and operating facilities with the legacy BmX circuit, road cycling circuit and mountain bike course. the design will incorporate the flexibility to efficiently accommodate the Business plan requirements so that the lower lea Valley will incorporate one of the most comprehensive cycling facilities in europe.the velOpaRk, inclUding the velOdROme and bmx tRack, will be pURpOsefUlly designed as a RegiOnal, natiOnal and inteRnatiOnal bRitish cycling venUe, wheRe the majORity Of sessiOn times will be Used by the pUblic thROUgh schOOl, clUb and Open sessiOns. bRitish cycling’s elite and the talented natiOnal and RegiOnal sqUads will alsO have tRaining, cOaching and cOmpetitiOn access.| etOn mAnOrlOndOn 2012 games legacy the eton manor site is located at the most northerly point of the eton manor will be one of the sporting areas retained post 01 , a Olympic park. it will incorporate a number of venues for both the significant component of the Olympic legacy. the site is proposed as games and legacy. For the Olympic games the eton manor site will a future regional sports precinct with hockey and tennis centre legacy provide regional training facilities for athletes, including swimming venues, a community allotments area and green space link between and gymnastics (rhythmic, artistic, trampoline). These facilities will be hackney Wick and the Olympic park. the site will be located with the provided through both temporary and permanent structures.adjoining Velopark and renovated hackney marshes venues and facilities. During the paralympic games the site will host the paralympic Archery the future success of the eton manor site will be its ability to operate and paralympic tennis competition events. While the paralympic within the context of a sports neighbourhood within the Olympic park. Archery events will take place using the legacy hockey facilities (built eton manor will be a major competition venue for hockey and tennis with prior to the Games), Paralympic tennis venues will accommodate an an active community programme. The commitment is to provide ‘a world overall spectator capacity of up to 10, 00 seats; nine competition class’ hockey facility which meets the needs of top-level hockey players venue courts and four warm up courts. as well as the wider needs of London’s community in a facility capable of hosting the hockey World cup event. the elite facilities will largely be the site also accommodates a wind turbine as part of the onsite provided by the relocation of the original Olympic hockey stand and renewable energy network for the park. the large-scale turbine will pitches from the games. this means a legacy of up to ,000 permanent provide a portion of the Olympic Park site’s energy requirements with seats, with the ability to increase the capacity of the venue up to 10,000 carbon-free electricity, in support of the Games’ 20% renewable energy seats in a temporary fashion, will be achievable. A secondary pitch that target. The structure is planned to be 120 metres high (from base to can potentially accommodate other sports will also be provided. blade tip) and creates a landmark for the area. The turbine remains in legacy providing energy for the local community post 01 .the legacy tennis centre will be an important new regional facility with six indoor tennis courts and six outdoor courts. clubhouse, changing and operational spaces will be provided as an integrated structure and shared between the hockey and tennis centres. Using bOth tempORaRy and peRmanent stRUctURes, the etOn manOR site will sUppORt high level Olympic tRaining facilities, paRalympic cOmpetitiOn events and a legacy Of hOckey and tennis facilities. tempOrAry VenuestempORaRy venUes: and up to , 00 seats for the modern pentathlon event in Olympic basketball, hOckey & fencingmode, and a capacity of up to 1 ,000 seats in paralympic mode. in keeping with our commitment to hosting a games without leaving it will also play a key role during the opening ceremonies as a holding white elephants, a number of temporary venues will be constructed space for the athletes that will have travelled from the Olympic Village prior for use solely during the london 01 games and then removed to their procession into the Olympic stadium. the venue will be removed in legacy, allowing greater open space and other development and relocated in legacy leaving the land free for future development.opportunities to be brought forward.hOckeythe london 01 games will include more temporary venues, the temporary hockey venues are to be located in the north-east of infrastructure and operational buildings than any other games. the Olympic park, immediately adjacent to the iBc/mpc and to the this sustainable approach will be supported by recent advances in south of the A1 . the two open-air venues will host the full Olympic temporary technology and design. embodied in this approach will hockey competition and and -a-side Football competitions during be advances in reusable and transportable materials and modular the paralympic games. construction techniques which will meet the highest aesthetic, sustainability and accessibility standards. the temporary arenas will be the main hockey venue will have a capacity of up to 1 ,000 temporary designed in such a way that all the seats, courts and support facilities seats, while the secondary venue will have a capacity of up to ,000 can be removed, and the structures re-used.seats. the secondary venue will also serve as the warm up pitch during the competition period. the legacy hockey facility will be constructed basketballpre-games on eton manor with the pitch surfaces being relocated from the Basketball Arena is located to the north of the proposed Olympic the Olympic site to eton manor and re-used after the games.Stadium east of the Hackney Cut and a large Victorian 42” water main that runs in a north-south direction across the site. it forms the third fencingsports facility in the southern cluster of venues in the Olympic park.the Fencing venue is located immediately south of the Velodrome and Olympic BmX venues and to the west of the Olympic Village. this indoor venue will host the Basketball preliminaries competition, the temporary arena will have a capacity of up to ,000 seats for the modern pentathlon, shooting and fencing disciplines and the the Fencing preliminary and final competitions, and will be used for paralympic Wheelchair rugby and Wheelchair Basketball events. it will the paralympic events of Wheelchair Fencing and Judo, with minimal have a temporary seating capacity of up to 1 ,000 seats for basketball alterations to the field of play area.| internAtiOnAl BrOADcAst centre / mAin press centremichelle langdOn is a RepORteR whO has cOveRed the games aROUnd the wORld and wORks in the ibc/mpc dURing the games:michelle langdon ran, badge and backpack flapping, from her desk at the main press centre to the bus area to catch the bus to the Archery Venue at Lord’s Cricket Ground. It was hot but not nearly as hot as it had been in Atlanta in ’96. For more than 16 years she had been covering the summer and winter games. concentrating the Olympic venues in a large park was a great idea. Thinking back on the past transportation nightmares (although Sydney and Athens were not bad), Michelle reflected that she barely had to take a bus anywhere: ‘I can cover more events and actually get a chance to watch the sports.’ Today was the first time in a week that she had wanted to leave the park.‘Since most of my events are in the Park, covering the Games is more relaxed. The Olympic Park is where the personal side of the event – families and friends enjoying the sports – is apparent. It’s so much easier to convey the thrill and exhilaration of the competition and the show when you are based in the middle of the action. ‘The IT infrastructure means I can virtually file a story from anywhere, reporting is immediate and conveys the spontaneity of the event. London has been a landmark experience for journalists reporting on the Games.’ the cOmpact site will inclUde a state Of the aRt media centRe pROviding facilities fOR bROadcast and pRint jOURnalists fROm all OveR the wORld. the ibc/mpc will be mOdified and Used afteR the games tO pROvide high qUality mixed-Use emplOyment space sUppORting the lOndOn bOROUgh Of hackney’s develOpment plans.lOndOn 2012 gamesAs one of the most spectacular sporting events in the world, the games generate substantial news coverage. they attract a vast entourage of journalists, with up to 0,000 expected to make use of the facilities provided on any one day, equal to the total number of athletes attending the games. the international Broadcast centre and main press centre (IBC/MPC) is sited for easy access to the A12 to allow the media to arrive from their accommodation and leave for venues outside the Olympic park. its position on the loop road allows easy access to venues within the Olympic park. the size and varying uses of the iBc/mpc has been determined by studies of previous Olympic Games and Paralympic Games’ Media Centres and their requirements as well as discussions with the international Olympic committee and a selection of key international media organisations. the floor space specified within the schedule for the international Broadcast Centre (IBC) is required to accommodate television studios, production facilities, and communications suites for broadcast media and technical staff. The Main Press Centre (MPC) comprises office accommodation and communication facilities for news agencies, photographers, and technical staff. the buildings and site area retain a substantial amount of space within the Olympic park to accommodate the large media population. in addition to the required operational areas of the iBc/mpc, there are a number of functional support areas that provide food and beverage services, medical, dry cleaning, and banking facilities as well as casual meeting areas.During the games the iBc/mpc will be served by a multi-storey car park located to the north. the multi-storey car park will be required to accommodate up to 1, 00 cars and a bus mall for 0 coaches and will therefore host facilities for accreditation checking. it will also function as a physical security barrier between the A1 road and the iBc/mpc. legacyin legacy the main buildings of the iBc/mpc will be re-used with some sections of the buildings removed to create a series of urban streets and blocks. the buildings will be converted for industry and office uses in line with local planning policy for the area and its designation as a strategic employment location. the multi-storey car park will also be retained to serve the new employment accommodation.| strAtFOrD city AnD Olympic VillAgethe paRk will alsO inclUde the Olympic village with hOUsing fOR athletes and Officials aROUnd cOmmUnal sqUaRes with shOps, RestaURants and medical facilities. afteR the games, the village alOne will pROvide appROximately 4,500 hOmes, with a mix Of affORdable tenURes, shaRed eqUity and hOUsing fOR sale.lOndOn 2012 gamestransformation process to paralympic mode and reflects the most appropriate design for legacy housing. All apartment blocks will be The Village plays a significant role in the athletes’ experience at the fully accessible and equipped with modern lifts and stair access.games. For the period of the london 01 games, the Olympic Village will become a ‘Community of Olympism’, accommodating the the housing in the Village is designed around courtyard blocks which greatest athletes from around the world. the Village will therefore be will give a sense of identity within a community – privacy in courtyards designed to enhance the athletes’ experience, both in terms of their and a sense of space looking out on to busy street life and the ability to compete at the highest sporting level, and to engage with venues of the Olympic Park and London’s skyline. Each block will other athletes in intercultural events.have its own courtyard and amenity spaces allowing for individual athlete and team training, briefing and relaxation during the games, the Village itself will be totally secured and self-contained, offering and day-to-day family life in legacy post 01 . high quality accommodation and supporting facilities for over 1 ,000 athletes and officials. An amphitheatre for the welcoming ceremonies of the incoming teams will be situated at the eastern edge of the Olympic park. it will be provided with a pedestrian link from the Village and with vehicle access from the loop road.The ‘Water Promenade’ will provide a waterside backdrop for a programme of outdoor cultural events and performances, encouraging socialising between athletes of different countries. the design for the temporary Olympic overlay will be based on delivering an efficient layout for the operational aspects of the Olympic Village requirements. the intention is to maximise the design with the legacy position for roads, majOR cOmpOnents Of utility infrastructure and site configuration. the majority of the back of the Olympic village inclUde:house operations will be accommodated in temporary structures in order ?? accommodation for over 17,000 athletes to return cleared sites for development immediately after the games.and Olympic officials;?? international Zone located immediately to the north Athletes will reach the sport events and training venues by coach. of stratford international station, where athletes can A transport mall situated in the east of the Village will service the meet their family and members of the press;Olympic park and external venues. An internal village shuttle bus will ?? main arrival space where athletes can gather and be be provided to connect athletes’ accommodations with the catering, officially addressed;health, leisure and other support facilities within the Village.?? athletes’ services (e.g. gymnasium and polyclinic);?? athletes’ accreditation centre;?? a large transport mall connected to the loop Road legacyand external transport network;?? teams’ and officials’ parking;As part of the legacy of the games, the Village will form part of a ?? communal dining hall with the capacity to feed up to wider regeneration programme to transform stratford city into a high 5,000 athletes in one sitting;quality international centre for commerce, with new retail and leisure ?? Operational back of house areas; facilities and new residential developments. By 01 a new district of ?? support facilities (e.g. retail, leisure).the city will emerge around stratford international station and after the games the Village will become an integrated part of stratford city. the design of the Village responds to the need for an easy | COMMON DOMAIN – the circulAtiOn spine 00 safe passage intO and thROUgh the Olympic paRkthe space is also designed to accommodate people with limited A primary function of the concourse is to provide for safe passage for accessibility by providing level access to venues and where possible spectators into and through the Olympic park. During the games the 1: 0 gradients or less. the widths for the concourse, bridges and Olympic park is essentially a secured area, where the visiting public paths have been studied using computer crowd modelling techniques will arrive through security-controlled entry points to the north, east, which also take into consideration the schedule of events within the west and south. Once inside the park, extensive circulation space is park and emergency evacuation.required to allow the large visitor numbers to move between venues and through the park. As there may be up to 00,000 people at any the overall design of concourse will integrate with the landscape and one time moving through the park, the width of the concourse is landforms of the Park, and ‘carry’ the crowd flow across rivers and determined by acceptable densities and comfort levels of the crowd. other obstacles. tO cReate an Olympic paRk that can be expeRienced as a Unified whOle, theRe will be a centRal spine that will fORm the cOnstant datUm Of the Olympic cOncOURse. it flOws and meandeRs thROUgh the RiveRine landscape, caRRying hUge cROwds Of spectatORs acROss RiveRs and Obstacles tO give access tO all the Olympic facilities.| 00 1 a RiveRine landscapethe Olympic park is defined by its Valley setting. the . kilometres of rivers and canals running through it have a profound influence on its design, creating a unique backdrop and the building blocks for an exceptional setting for the games. the proposed remodelling of the topography will direct visitors through an undulating mix of high points with dramatic long distance views into central london and intimate river edge, valley floor walks. the ODA is working with British Waterways to reinstate an historic water control structure to the south of the site (in the Prescott Channel) to create a more constant water level and improved water quality throughout the park. it will also facilitate the delivery of construction materials to the games site and encourage future river leisure use.A new central wetland feature will also be created at the heart of the site. this will be a designed as a spectacular outdoor room and amphitheatre, which in legacy will develop into a thriving wetlands habitat and a key feature within the river lea. this new habitat will act as a large retention plain to reduce the flood risk within the Olympic park and beyond.the plant species palette for the park is planned to be largely native to england, appropriate to london and preferably of regional or local origin. seed collections have already been carried out on site to this end. habitats may include existing native mature woodland, scrub, woodland edge habitats (including tall herbs), wetlands (including reed bed and wet woodlands) and various species-rich grasslands. One form of grassland proposed is stony meadows: low nutrient and species-rich grassland established on re-used demolition waste. Amenity grassland is planned to be in the form of species-rich lawns, so that even the most robust and well-used areas will contribute to the overall ecological value of the park. more opportunities within buildings will be evaluated to provide cost-effective habitats for native species. this could include elements such as swift bricks and other nesting cavities and will maximise the potential for ecological benefits.the cOncOURse and bRidge design – cReating cOntinUity and exciting enviROnmentsDue to the large number of ‘obstacles’ in the site, from waterways to rail tracks and highways, over 0 bridges are required to carry the concourse across them. the bridges are intended to help create continuity in the concourse and create a coherent Olympic park with a unique sense of place. the sensitive integration of these structures with topography, concourse, river and habitat are vital in creating crossing points, which delight the visitor while providing a robust platform for ecological habitats. the waterways passing beneath these bridges form important habitats and ecosystems which are sensitive to overshadowing and restriction. Large bridge widths could potentially ‘sterilise’ large strips of this green corridor and break its ecological continuity by starving the waterways of daylight. For this reason the large bridges necessary for the games will be removed in legacy and care will be taken to ensure that bridges cause minimal impact. Where possible, abutments and riverbanks will be designed as ‘living structures’ integrated into the landform.each bridge creates an exciting place in its own right, offering seating, activity and the opportunity to enjoy views of the waterways and landscape beyond.| an embedded legacy stRUctURebe designed to become a permanent outdoor ‘exhibition and event As far as possible the Olympic park will be designed with the legacy space’ for changing programmes and sport activities, remaining park in mind. path systems, planting, drainage, and the infrastructure contemporary in design and an attraction for visitors and local people of the future park will be embedded into the structure of the Olympic in the long term. A ‘palette’ of informal performance and exhibition park and concourse. this approach ensures that the time, cost and spaces will be created out of the landscape of the park. natural energy required to transform the park post-games is reduced, and amphitheatres will be formed from river terraces, canvasses out of the benefits of the legacy condition are realised early.retaining wall structures and all structures designed to accommodate regular changes in overlay and dressing for events.Once the games are complete the concourse will transform dramatically. the legacy path structure will be revealed, and the large stReet fURnitURe areas of temporary paving between, will be removed, and recycled. Where possible, it is intended that all permanent street furniture built these are then absorbed by the legacy park, becoming areas of for the games, such as seating, lighting, handrails, and signage will specific activity or simply regions of planting and soft landscape. be placed in its final legacy position. if this is not possible it will also be designed to be easily relocated within the park or elsewhere within peRfORmance and exhibitiOn spacesthe legacy development. the street furniture will form part of a suite the concourse will also be designed to accommodate stages for that is robust and compliments the braided geometry of the park and performances as part of the cultural programme, spectator seating concourse design rationale.and service areas including facilities such as food halls, cafes, bars and toilets. lightingDuring the games, there is the potential for dramatic lighting to in the same way that the south Bank was left as a legacy of the reinforce the concept of creating a night-time ‘stage set’. In legacy, 1 1 Festival of Britain, it is envisaged that the Olympic park will the principle aim of the lighting for the site is to create an organised structure for the night-time environment, which will form a cohesive series of spaces across a visually varied landscape. it will also assist way-finding, and provide a sense of security and safety. the absence or reduction of lighting, in certain areas, is also important to minimise the impact on ecological habitats and conserve views of the night’s sky.aRtthe ambition for the Olympic park is to integrate public art into the landscape and buildings in order to showcase creative talent and celebrate the Olympic movement. rather than conforming to the traditional view of public art being an object in the landscape, it will be embedded in many aspects of the design as part of an integrated arts programme whose main aim is to communicate the identity and vision of the park. Artistic proposals, as part of the detailed design and landscaping of the Olympic park will be guided by a series of principles such as improving design quality of the built and external environment; ensuring relevance to the generations of people that will witness their impact now and in the years that follow; celebrating local identity; assisting memorability and stimulating public thought and response; opening competitions for specific elements of projects through framework briefs.| utilities inFrAstructurethe games Utility stRategy is a pOsitive stORy Of Renewable, lOcal pOweR geneRatiOn and eneRgy efficient design. the intentiOn is tO cReate a Renewed pUblic pRide in sUstainable civic seRvices. lOndOn 2012 games Utility stRategykey infRastRUctURe and Utilitiesto make a strong link to the relevance of sustainable energy to the london 01 games and the longer term regeneration everyday life, the intention is to design all new utility buildings and proposals to be taken forward will place a significantly increased structures (such as transformers, headhouses and pump station) as demand on utility infrastructure within the lower lea Valley. to meet important elements of the park. these energy and utility requirements for the long term a number of new infrastructure and utility networks will be built for the games the london 01 games utility strategy is a positive story of with the appropriate capacity for future developments, including:renewable, local power generation and energy efficient design. it will be symbolised by major on-site power generators including wind turbines ?? Primary utilities corridor;and Combined Cooling and Heating Plants (CCHP), demonstration ?? Energy Centre, to include a CCHP Plant;and micro generators and innovations in water recycling. By investing ?? Primary electricity substation;in good design and promoting utility provision as an essential part of ?? Wind turbine;the urban fabric, the intention is to create a renewed public pride in ?? Terminal Pumping Station (TPS);sustainable civic services. ?? CTRL Cooling Box; and?? Temporary and permanent telecommunications masts and antennae to be mounted on the venues.the new energy infrastructure will provide 0% of the Olympic park and village energy demand in the immediate post-games period in 01 from renewable sources. in addition, the project will be future-proofed to go much further in the future when new technology allows.pRimaRy Utility cORRidORA utilities corridor will be constructed to contain all primary utilities (gas, electricity, water, foul drainage, and telecommunications), service diversions for all existing utilities within the games site and connections to all host utilities outside the park boundary. the routes of the corridors will generally follow primary infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and existing utility routes and to deliver primary services to the areas of high demand using the shortest practical routes.eneRgy centRe and cOmbined cOOling heat and pOweRWithin the park heating and cooling will be provided by the proposed combined cooling heat and power plant within the energy centre at Kings yard. the plant will provide low carbon electricity, heating and cooling. heating is provided to the permanent retained legacy venues south of the A1 and the retained iBc/mpc with provision for expansion into the long-term development proposals. the parameters set out for the energy centre provide sufficient space to enable future expansion of the plant should the need occur.pRimaRy electRicity sUbstatiOn A new primary electricity substation will provide grid supply to supplement the cchp and will be centrally located, to the east of Kings yard, to minimise electrical losses.wind tURbineA 1 0-metre wind turbine is proposed for eton manor to the north of the park site. the proposed turbine is anticipated to provide the energy equivalent to supply 1, 00 homes over an average year. procurement for construction is due to start in spring of 00 , so the turbine is fully operational by 010. the turbine will continue to provide power for an expected 0 years. A substation enclosure will house the electrical equipment required to connect the turbine into the site-wide electricity network, providing significant carbon mitigation.integRated Renewablesintegrating renewables into the permanent venues in the Olympic park is also under consideration. these could include ground source heat pumps and photovoltaic cells and other proven integrated renewal technologies available at the time.| the 01 gAmes legAcythe inheRited infRastRUctURe Of the lOndOn 2012 games will leave a spORting legacy, a lasting memORy fOR lOndOn and will pROvide an excellent platfORm and staRting pOsitiOn fOR the fUtURe develOpment Of the new neighbOURhOOd. the visiOn fOR the games legacy is theRefORe tO cReate a vibRant new paRt Of lOndOn that exhibits the best Of URban design, civic spaces and aRchitectURe, pRedicated On a deeply embedded sUstainability stRategy that deliveRs a high qUality Of life tO its Residents.the Olympic heRitage legacy tRansfORmatiOn Following the games the area will undergo a significant With a goal to ensure that the work undertaken to deliver the games transformation to form the platform for subsequent legacy forms the foundation of an inspired legacy, the masterplan is being development proposals. Venues that would not operate with a developed to minimise the subsequent transformation. the inherited viable legacy will be removed and temporary structures will be infrastructure of the games will leave a sporting legacy and a lasting decommissioned. permanent venues, the parklands and large pieces memory of london 01 while also providing an excellent platform of infrastructure such as bridges will remain to form the catalyst for for the future development of the new neighbourhoods.new development. legacy stRategyVenues like the Aquatics centre, Olympic stadium and Velopark the Olympic park design embodies a clear strategy for the long-term will be modified to suit future elite training as well as community future that will trigger major regeneration in the lower lea Valley use, forming the focal points of new mixed-use neighbourhoods within the wider context of the thames gateway. it anticipates the which will be developed around them. the Olympic loop road will area being transformed from Olympic park into a new urban quarter, be integrated into the local route network while continuing to link which will contribute to the urban character, economic potential and the individual venues and the new emerging districts together. the sporting significance of the entire Valley. the ambition is to go forward iBc/mpc will provide new high quality workspace and the adjunct with a truly outstanding development that will enhance east london multi-storey car park will give sufficient parking for future events and and demonstrate excellence in 1st century city development. A sporting festivals. the Olympic Village will be transformed into a new vibrant new part of london will be created that offers the best of vibrant city district providing new homes. it will form part of the new urban design, civic spaces and architecture, predicated on a deeply stratford city development including the international station which, embedded sustainability strategy that delivers a high quality of life to when completed, will become a new prominent gateway for london its residents. and a thriving commercial centre. A ‘Commitment to Sustainable Regeneration’ document has been the wide open expanses of concourse, so important for the games, prepared by the ODA and the lDA to set out the principles of the will no longer be required in the Legacy Park. During the Park’s design of the new urban quarters. it delivers the necessary social transformation the site will undergo significant changes in order infrastructure and environmental measures which will be brought to create a vibrant and successful park post-games. in addition, forward. it describes the transformation which can begin immediately the areas used as back of house during the games will become after the games.development sites and extensions to the Olympic park. hackney football pitchesallotmentswind turbinetennis centrehockey venuescycle circuitvelodromebmx trackmulti-storey car parkmulti-Use sports venuestratford international stationenergy centreRemediated and serviced future development landstratford Regional stationaquatics centrelegacy stadiumloop Roadgreenway| 00 sally king, is a yOUng adUlt whO expeRienced the games as a child and nOw lives in the aRea. sally King drinks her morning coffee staring out the window of her new flat, across the willow trees that line the river lea. She can remember when she first came to this part of London; Sally’s parents brought her and her sisters to see the Olympic Games in 2012. At the time her family lived in Hammersmith, they had taken the tube to King’s Cross and then the ‘Olympic Javelin’, seven minutes to Stratford’s new station and the Olympic park. coming out of the station, the atmosphere was electrifying. the sense of anticipation, the extraordinary street entertainers at the park entrance, and then passing through the turnstiles with the huge Olympic stadium rising up in front of her. As they crossed the river the park unfolded in front of them; incredible buildings, huge structures, sculptures, banners and the excitement of so many people.Of course, that day in 2012, she was only really interested in seeing Britain’s athletes taking on the best in the world. But the excitement as you entered the park; all those people from so many different countries, the green of the park, bright banners, the smells of exotic food and the sounds of music from local bands, it was an extraordinary sight and it stayed with her. And, just last month she bought one of the flats overlooking the park; it was incredible to remember herself and her family coming to the Olympic park as spectators but even more satisfying to sit in her own living room looking out over the river Lea and the early morning joggers in the Park. Too many memories… it’s time to get to work. Luckily it is only a short walk to her office in Stratford City.the games heRitage in 2013:?? a platform for long-term urban development with a world-class public transport system;?? a new public park with a sporting and recreational legacy for london, which will form the glue between the new urban neighbourhoods and become the venue of choice for hosting future national and international sporting and cultural events;?? an concourse which will extend to create new connections, facilitating the connectivity between the new park and surrounding areas;?? a series of world-class sporting facilities like the aquatics centre, the Olympic stadium and velopark, which will be transformed to suit future elite training and community use;?? an Olympic loop Road which will bind the new neighbourhoods together and provide access to the legacy venues; ?? an improved network of green spaces connecting the lea valley park to the north with canal and river routes to the thames in the south;??1 access to a new active ‘green lung’ for london which will reinvigorate the recreational and ecological role of this important riverine lea valley;?? a new regional commercial centre developed around stratford international station which will form a new transport hub for london and a gateway to the Uk;?? an Olympic village which will be transformed into the first new vibrant city district providing new homes;?? an ibc/mpc which will be modified to provide a new high quality employment centre for the london borough of hackney; ?? a series of vacant remediated and serviced development platforms surrounding the permanent venues for occupation by residential and mixed-use neighbourhoods;?? a state of the art energy infrastructure which is designed to accommodate the capacity of the future developments and which will provide 20% of the energy demand from renewable sources on site.| 00 1 afteR the games the Olympic paRk will be tRansfORmed fROm a centRepiece fOR the games tO an integRated landscaped paRk seRving sURROUnding URban neighbOURhOOds. the paRk will have nUmeROUs cOmplex legacy fUnctiOns tO peRfORm; fROm acting as a ‘gReen lUng’ fOR new and existing cOmmUnities, and being a natiOnal and inteRnatiOnal visitOR attRactiOn; tO pROviding a cOnnective highway between stRatfORd and hackney wick alOng with hOsting a significant ecOlOgical ReseRve. the lUsh gReen setting will alsO help tO dRive land valUes and investOR inteRest in develOpment sites that bOUnd the Olympic paRk. a gReen lUng fOR lOndOn the legacy park will form the most significant phase of a wider strategy to extend the lea Valley regional park south to the thames. this unique site transformation will provide the confluence of both the green grid and blue ribbon concepts that will drive the wider rehabilitation of east london. the park will build on the grandeur of the games to form one of the world’s great contemporary civic spaces and will become the venue of choice for hosting future sporting and cultural events. it will embody the themes of the Olympic movement including the principle of healthy living and a legacy for sport. By introducing a diverse mix of uses the park should be an active place all year round. it will house the major sporting venues which remain in legacy, namely the Olympic stadium and Aquatics centre, as well as the smaller venues including the Velodrome, BmX, hockey and tennis venues. it will include the re-provided road cycle circuit and mountain bike trails. the park will also provide a wide variety of new active uses for different age groups, for example, a variety of children’s play facilities and multi-use games areas, climbing and bouldering facilities, skate parks, running and cycling trails and interactive water features.A comprehensive network of footpaths, cycle ways and trails will be provided running through the park. these routes will not only provide the primary connections needed between communities, public transport hubs and key destinations but will also provide a major recreational resource.| DeliVering the Olympic VisiOnthe deliveRy pROgRamme fOR the Olympic paRk is 2-4-1: 2 yeaRs tO acqUiRe the land, staRt tO clean it Up, secURe the necessaRy planning peRmissiOns and dO the design wORk and pROcURement; 4 yeaRs tO bUild the infRastRUctURe and venUes which will enable test events tO be staged fROm 1 yeaR befORe the games staRt On 27 jUly 2012. it is a timetable that is challenging bUt achievable. we aRe cOnfident that we can deliveR in paRtneRship and leave a lasting legacy the cOUntRy can be pROUd Of.The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) is committed to the delivery of to ensure design quality is achieved in all buildings, landscape design quality. in 00 its chief executive David higgins made a number of and games facilities the ODA has developed a rigorous design construction commitments of which design formed a major component: management process. this includes: the design should be creative, imaginative, sustainable and capable ?? Design Champion and corporate commitment of meeting delivery objectives. Quality in design and construction ?? ODA ownership of the Masterplan and stewardship of parametersutilising the best of modern methods will ensure that the london ?? Design quality as part of procurement processes 01 games sites meet the civic needs of all stakeholders, both ?? Design review and peer group challengefunctionally and architecturally, for 01 and beyond.?? Monitoring design quality from design inception to realisation?? Olympic Parklands Expert Advisory Group?? The client will produce a clear brief before design commences.?? ODA advisory panels?? Designers will be selected according to ability and quality, together with other criteria appropriate to the scale and complexity of the project.design champiOn and ?? Every opportunity will be taken to encourage visionary designs, cORpORate cOmmitment including art and sculpture, and to provide opportunities for emerging designers and artists.As part of its commitment to design quality, the ODA has appointed ?? The design must suit the practical, functional and operational Board member sir nicholas serota as Design champion.requirements of the Games and meet both the client’s and users’ needs for 01 and beyond, to ensure that whole-life value is sir nicholas, along with other board members will promote design delivered by addressing buildability, maintainability and usability, quality, artistic creativity and cultural diversity as an all pervading while driving health and safety throughout. Where appropriate it philosophy across all ODA workstreams and projects. must also facilitate dismantling and re-erection.?? Project briefs will specify performance criteria to encourage the Design champion and the ODA Board will review and challenge innovation in order to deliver cost-effective solutions, taking design proposals coming forward and seek the advice and guidance of advantage of opportunities for standardisation, prefabrication, external stakeholders (including professional bodies such as RIBA, RTPI, off-site manufacture and adopting modern logistics principles. Landscape Institute), eminent individuals (such as experienced architects ?? The design will be tested using third party design reviews and and developers), and Government bodies (including CABE, the Mayor’s other tools for assessing design quality.new advisory team, Design for London and English Partnerships).?? IT-based collaborative tools and communication technologies will be exploited.Oda OwneRship Of the masteRplan Delivering quality in design and access across the Olympic park will be important throughout the planning, construction, games unlike other developments of this scale, the ODA will manage and operation and transformation phases of the scheme; for permanent deliver all of the infrastructure, landscape and buildings. this means and temporary venues and in the construction of the utilities and the parameters set in the planning application represent more than infrastructure that shall underpin the sporting and future community just guidelines for subsequent development. it is intended to design legacy. Quality will be driven by the way each element of the park is and construct the defining physical framework that is required commissioned and how the design process is managed.(e.g. the road and utilities network, the earthworks and bridge construction) and enforce adherence to the Masterplan principles in the Aquatics centre was the first of the design competitions to all other buildings and landscape proposals. hit the headlines. it will not always be possible to run international architectural competitions and a variety of different procurement to this end an ODA core Design team has been appointed, with a routes will be used that balance costs, programme and deliverability. Director of Design and regeneration, head of Design and principal however, to drive forward the commitment to deliver architectural Design Advisers that have led the development of the masterplan creativity and innovation, the ODA will work hard to ensure design and will continue to own it and ‘champion’ its delivery. The team will quality is paramount in selection and monitoring processes. the work with all of the infrastructure and building design teams to ensure ODA will draw from cABe, riBA and glA guidance on competitive that emerging detailed proposals conform to ‘planning parameters’ interview and design competition processes to ensure approaches established by this application and for which planning permission used attract a broad range of design talent and deliver confidence is sought. the ODA core Design team will monitor the impact of in the successful team’s ability to deliver the quality and creative any changes at project level (e.g. due to design constraints) and innovation sought. in addition the ODA will also use:significant design proposals will be referred to it. ?? Architectural/engineering/operator focused juries for selection of design teams; design gUidelines?? The ODA Design Panel to review and advise on design development;the ODA core Design team will produce detailed design guidance ?? Requirements imposed on development partners in the selection for the delivery of the public realm, which will be the setting for of design teams and design outcomes (e.g. Stratford City); and each venue and ensure the Olympic park conveys a coherent ?? Parallel competitions for design/construction teams and ideas/design. A series of technical documents will also be produced end users (e.g. VeloPark and IBC/MPC).to provide guidance to all of its project teams in the procurement and development of design detail for venues, infrastructure, utilities design Review and peeR Reviewand landscape. these will encompass a wide set of technical and The ODA is advised by a Design Review Panel (run jointly by CABE performance requirements, including design themes, materials, and Design for London) which scrutinises the design of the buildings sustainability performance, access and safety. in the Olympic park. it comprises a group of leading architects, engineers and landscape designers. to date, the panel has proved the aim will be to establish a clear and creative framework that gives helpful in influencing the development of the masterplan and planning definition to the establishment of buildings, temporary structures, application material. On submission of planning applications the ODA streets and public open spaces, while providing the flexibility for Planning Authority can also draw on the Panel’s advice. numerous design teams to express individuality and innovation. the intention of the guidelines will be to clearly express principles of the panel also plays a wider advisory function. some of its members design continuity while promoting creativity for the detailed design will help review ODA design and procurement briefs and provide development process. guidance on wider strategy. post games, the intention is that the guidelines become part of a the ODA is also establishing its own internal peer review process. each statutory process in the ongoing development of the site and are project will be required to undergo a peer review process at all stages of used by the local planning authorities as a reference document for design development, from inception and brief, through the riBA stages reviewing future applications. Additionally, to track the evolution of the and into construction. the peer review group will be made up of expert development area in relation to the original guidelines, a sequential architects, engineers and other professionals able to challenge and build-out plan will be maintained and updated at regular intervals. this encourage design teams to drive innovation, creativity and quality. will enable the local authorities and design team to not only judge any individual scheme in relation to the consented proposal and the Vision, but also to assess any impact on future developments.Oda advisORy panelsthe ODA has established two Access panels to provide technical design qUality thROUgh pROcURement input into developing the Olympic, paralympic and legacy transformation proposals. Both will scrutinise and advise project the ODA core Design team will play an active role in the teams progressing the development designs. procurement and selection processes of other design teams. it will advise and, on occasion, lead the procurement of design and it is envisaged that further project-specific groups will be set up to construction teams. Whatever the procurement route, there is a examine and advise on major infrastructure or zones in the park. the commitment by the client body to delivering design quality through first of these will be the Olympic park expert Advisory group to be the selection processes adopted.established early in 00 .| satyajit baneRji is a lOcal Resident whO vOlUnteeRed fOR the games and Remains in the aRea.satyajit Banerji looked ahead to the Olympic stadium and smiled. he was remembering the first time he walked this way as a volunteer for the 01 games.From his home in leyton, satyajit had watched the stadium emerge out of the construction site. every day as he walked to work he would notice a change in the structure. At first, it seemed that it would never get out of the ground – it seemed to take ages for all the grading and foundation work. Then the superstructure began to take shape and within no time, the roof and seats and lights and bridges combined to form an extraordinary building. When he finally got to visit the stadium at one of the test events, he knew he had to be involved. During the games, satyajit had been a volunteer; showing people around the Olympic park, answering questions, using his language skills to help the spectators get the best out of their day. he remembers thinking that in the summer of 01 the east end was the friendliest place on the planet and this pride in his community is still very much alive. now that the games have come and gone, satyajit is still involved. he had helped manage the transition of the Olympic stadium from world stage to a fantastic london and neighbourhood facility. today he is managing and supervising the final of the london schools athletics championships. maybe today he will see the next generation of champions in action.| Other languagesthis publication is available on request in other languages.telephone: 020 8430 6291 reference: lOV/ /0 For free translation phonepo bezplatne tlumaczenia prosimy dzwonicpour une traduction gratuite, téléphonezpara uma tradu????o grátis, telefone.p??r nj?? p??rkthim falas telefononi.Za besplatne prevode pozovitehaddaad u baahan tahay turjubaan lacag la’aan ah waxaad telefoon ku soo wacdaapara obtener una traducción gratuita llame al:??cretsiz ??eviri i??in telefon edin. Del nemokamo vertimo skambinkinteOther formatsthis publication is available on request in other formats.telephone: 020 3 2012 111 reference: lOV/ /0 For a large print, easy read, braille or audio version please call 0 0 01 111 or email enquiries@london 01 .comTS23637 - Turkish telephone: 0 0 01 000 email: enquiries@london 01 .com Website: london 01 .com?? Olympic Delivery Authority 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of Olympic Delivery Authority.The authors of the works contained in this report asserted their right under Copyright, Designs & Patents Act 1998 to be identified as the authors, on the works themselves and any reproductions thereof. TS23637/04 - Urdu