小尾寒羊养殖技术

小尾寒羊养殖技术 小尾寒羊是中国乃至世界著名的肉裘兼用型绵羊品种，主要产于山东省畜牧局牛羊基地。起源于古代北方蒙古羊，随着历代人民的迁移，把蒙古羊引入自然生态环境和社会经济条件较好的中原地区以后，经过长期地选择和精心地培育，逐渐形成具有多胎高产的裘(皮)肉兼用型优良绵羊品种。它既是农户脱贫致富奔小康的最佳项目之一，又是政府扶贫工作的最稳妥工程，也是国家封山退耕、种草养羊、建设生态农业的重要举措。 小尾寒羊具有早熟、多胎、多羔、生长快、体格大、产肉多、裘皮好、遗传性稳定和适应性强等优点。4月龄即可育肥出栏，年出栏率400%以上;6月龄即可配种受胎，年产2胎，胎产2~6只，有时高达8只;平均产羔率每胎达266%以上，每年达500%以上;体重6月龄可达50千克，周岁时可达100 千克，成年羊可达130~190千克。在世界羊业品种中小尾寒羊产量高、个头大、效益佳，被国家定为名畜良种，被人们誉为中国"国宝"、世界"超级羊"及"高腿羊"品种。它吃的是青草和秸秆，献给人类的是"美味"和"美丽"，送给养殖户的是"金子"银子"。它既是农户脱贫致富奔小康的最佳项目之一，又是政府扶贫工作的最稳妥工程，也是国家封山退耕、种草养羊、建设生态农业的重要举措。因之，近年来全国各地都在大力发小尾寒羊，其数量目前已达200万只以上。 小尾寒羊体形结构匀称，侧视略成正方形;鼻梁隆起，耳大下垂;短脂尾呈圆形，尾尖上翻，尾长不 超过飞节;胸部宽深、肋骨开张，背腰平直。体躯长呈圆筒状;四肢高，健壮端正。公羊头大颈粗，有发达的螺旋形大角，角根粗硬;前躯发达，四肢粗壮，有悍威、善抵斗。母羊头小颈长，大都有角，形状不一，有镰刀状、鹿角状、姜芽状等，极少数无角。 全身被毛白色、异质、有少量干死毛，少数个体头部有色斑。按照被毛类型可分为裘毛型、细毛型和粗毛型三类，裘毛型毛股清晰、花弯适中美观。 养殖前景 它吃的是青草和秸秆，献给人类的是"美味"和"美丽"，送给养殖户的是"金子"银子"。它既是农户脱贫致富奔小康的最佳项目之一，又是政府扶贫工作的最稳妥工程，也是国家封山退耕、种草养羊、建设生态农业的重要举措。因之，近年来全国各地都在大力发展小尾寒羊，所以养殖小尾寒羊是脱贫致富的好项目。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 繁育生殖 繁殖率强是小尾寒羊的突出特点，在饲养管理中，利用小尾寒羊常年发情，缩短繁殖周期，掌握一胎多羔技术，提高繁殖率，是饲养小尾寒羊获取收益的关键所在。影响小尾寒羊繁殖率有许多因素，有单一因素，也有综合因素。在生产实践中只有对诸多因素正确，并采取相应有效的对策，才能获取最大的产出。 小尾寒羊养殖技术总结 加强种羊营养 加强种羊营养是提高繁殖率的重要措施。充足的营养使种羊有健康的体况和适度的膘情，公羊保持旺盛的性欲，配种时精液中精子数量多、活力强、受精能力高;母羊可以常年发情，配种妊娠后体质健壮胎儿发育良好，产后奶水充足，羔羊出生重大，成活率也高，同时母羊产多糟糕的机率就会增加。因此，饲养小尾寒羊无论放牧或舍饲，都必须喂给充足的混合精料。种公羊在非配种期要求每只日喂混合粗料0.5,0.6千克，配种期每只日喂混合精料0.8,1.0千克，粗饲料1.7,1.8千克;母羊每日喂混合精料0.3,0.4千克，妊娠母羊随妊娠天数的增加(尤其后期)，还应逐渐增加精料给量。精饲料中必须含有足量的蛋白质、能量、维生素、微量元素和其他矿物质，并保证充足的饮水。青绿饲料对种羊尤其重要。因为青绿饲料可以弥补精粗饲料中营养不足的缺陷，对提高公羊的精子密度和活力，促进母羊体内卵子的发育成熟和多排卵，增加产多羔的机率，促进妊娠母羊体内胎儿的发育和成长，保证产出羔羊初生重大，成活率高都具有重要作用。 提高青壮年母羊的比例 羊群中幼龄初配母羊和老、弱羊繁殖力均不如壮年母羊。据统计，小尾寒羊产单羔较少，一般只见于初产羊，而双羔的比例较高。母羊一生中以3,4岁时繁殖率最强，繁殖年限一般为8年。因此，为提高羊群的整体水平，合理 调整羊群结构，有地补充青年母羊，适当增加3,4岁母羊在羊群中的比例，及时发现并淘汰老、弱或繁殖力低下的母羊，就成为畜牧式作of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 者面对且必须要解决的问题，在此基础上，就能达到提高羊群整体繁殖率的目的。 实行两次配种 母羊发情时，实行双重配种或两次配种输精，可以提高母羊的准胎率，增加产双羔的几率，由于母羊发情时间短(一般30个小时左右)，排出的卵子生存时间也较短，而且有的母羊卵子成熟时间不一致，因此对母羊的一次交配或输精准胎的机率较低，且难以使较多的卵子参与受精。采用两次配种方法，可使母羊生殖道内经常保持具有受精能力的精子存在，增加受精机会。生产上常采用的方法是:对确认发情的母羊，在12及24小时后各配种输精一次，一般两次输精间隔10,12小时，可有效提高母羊的受胎率。 羔羊早期断奶 羔羊适时提早断奶，缩短母羊哺乳时间可促使母羊提早发情，实现一年多产。早期断奶羔羊需要人为训练羔羊的采食能力，在羔羊10,15日龄时喂一些鲜嫩的青草、菜叶或细软易消化的干草、叶片，以刺激羔羊消化道消化机能的早期形成和向羔羊自主采食方向的过渡。为使羔羊尽早吃料，开始时可将玉米和豆面混合煮粥喂食或拌入水中让羔羊饮食，也可将炒过的精料盛在盆内，让羔羊自己去舔食，一般羔羊到20,30日后即可正常采食。 用药物或激素诱导母羊 用一种能促进卵巢滤泡成熟和多排卵的物质，以一定剂量注射到母羊体内，通过激素调节，强化母羊性机能活动，促进母羊卵子的发育和成熟，从而排出较多卵子参与受精，达到一胎多羔的目的。据实验，注射孕马血清或注射双羔素、双胎素，对诱导母羊产多羔，都有一定的效果。 饲养管理 一、提高羔羊成活的措施:正产与接羔:母羊临近分娩时，乳房胀大，用手挤进有少量黄色初乳，分娩前2-3天更为明显，阴门肿胀潮红，有时流出浓稠粘液。肷部下陷，尤以临产前2-3小时更为明显。行动困难，排尿次数半多，性情温顺，起卧不安，时而回顾腹部，经常旬处墙角卧地，四脚伸直努责，放牧时常掉队或离队卧地休息。有时四脚刨地，现不安，精of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 神不振，食欲减退，甚至停止反刍，不时鸣叫。这时助产人员要随时观察母羊，如见有上述情况，尤其肷窝下陷、努责及羊膜露出外阴部时，应立即将母羊送进产房或安静的地方准备接产。正常分娩的线羊，在羊膜破后10-30分钟左右，羔羊即已产出，正常胎位的羔羊出生时，一般两前肢和头部先出少数后肢先出，这时最好立即人工助产，以防止胎儿窒息死亡。 羔羊产出后，应迅速将羔羊口、鼻、耳中的粘液抠出，以免呼吸困难窒息死亡，或者吸入气管引起异物性肺炎。羔羊身上的粘液必须让母羊舐干净，如母羊恋羔性弱，可将胎儿粘液涂在母羊嘴上，诱其舐食。如天气寒冷，则用干净布或干草迅速将羔羊身体擦干，免得受凉。有时羔羊出生后有假死现象，可将羔羊浸在40?左右温水中，同时进行人工呼吸，按拍胸部两侧，或向鼻孔吹气，使其复苏。羔羊生后脐带自然断裂， 在脐带端涂5%磺酊消毒。如脐带未断，可在离脐带基部约10厘米左右中细的部位，用手指向脐带两边撸去血后拧断，或用剪刀剪断脐带，然后用5%磺酊消毒。结扎脐带，会影响渗出液的排出，容易引起脐带炎。 分娩完毕，如发现乳房周围和股内侧有毛未剪，应及时剪去。随后用温和的消毒水洗涤乳房，擦干后挤去最先几滴初乳，辅助羔羊吃奶，然后给羔羊称重。在分娩后将羔羊和母羊移入母了圈内与共他羊分开饲养。 二、尽早吃好吃饱初乳:羔羊出生后母羊舔干粘液，羔羊能自我站立时，即应人工辅助其吃到初乳。 三、搞好棚圈卫生:凡羊舍过于狭小、脏、烂、阴暗潮湿、闷热不堪、通气不良，都可引起羔羊病的大量发生。所以必须搞好棚圈卫生和对周围环境及用具的消毒。 四、加强对缺奶羔羊的补饲:这对多胎的小尾寒羊极为重要，对单羔者一般不用补饲，对2-3羔或四个羔以上者必须注意加强补饲，对缺奶羔羊进行人工补饲牛奶或其他羊奶时，要严格掌握好温度、喂量、时间和卫生条件。要注意初生羔不能喂以玉米糊或小米粥。 快速育肥技术 利用3-4月龄的羔羊，采用直线育肥法，科学饲养管理，达到当年羔羊育肥出栏，周期短，效益高。 一、 选择育肥羊。利用良种肉公羊与本地优良母羊杂交，以杂交后代作育肥羊，生长快，饲料利用率及羊肉品质等都高于本地羊。要求肉羊健康无病，四肢健壮，骨架大，腰身长，蹄质坚实。优良肉羊有小尾寒羊、美利奴羊、夏洛莱羊、南江黄羊、波尔山羊、太行黑山羊、萨福克羊等。 二、饲养哺乳羔羊。健壮羔羊是育肥的基础。因此，羔羊出生后要及时吃足初乳，对多胎羔羊和母羊死亡的羔羊要实行人工哺乳，配方为:面粉50%、糖24%、油脂20%、磷酸氢鲈%、食盐1%、黄豆粉3%。可用瓶of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 喂或盆喂，饲喂要定时、定温、定质和定量。7日龄开始用嫩青草诱食。15日龄加强补饲，配方为:干草粉30%、麦秸44%、精料25%、食盐1%。30日龄后以放牧为主，补足精料。加强运动，强化管理。羔羊3-4月龄断乳即可育肥。 三、育肥前准备。1.断尾和去势。羔羊出生后1-3周内均可断尾，但以2-7天最理想。选择晴天的早晨进行，可采用胶筋、烧烙或快刀等断尾方法，创面用5%碘酒消毒。去势可与断尾同时进行，采用手术或胶筋等方法。2.驱虫健胃。按羊每5千克体重用虫星粉剂5克或虫克星胶囊0.2粒，口服或拌料喂服，或用左旋咪唑或苯丙咪唑驱虫。驱虫后3天每次用健胃散25克，酵母片5-10片，拌料饲喂，连用2次。 四、育肥方法。1.舍饲育肥。舍饲育肥不但可以提高育肥速度和出栏率，而且可保证市场羊肉的均衡供应。参考配方:(1)玉米粉、草粉、豆饼各21.5%，玉米17%，花生饼10.3%，麦麸6.9%，食盐0.7%，尿素0.3%，添加剂0.3%。前20天每只羊日喂精料350克，以后20天每只400克，再20天每只450克，粗料不限量，适量青料。(2)玉米66%，豆饼22%，麦麸8%，骨粉1%，细贝壳粉0.5%，食盐1.5%，食盐1.5%，尿素1%，添加含硒微量元素和AD3粉。混合精料与草料配合饲喂，其比例为60?40。一般羊4-5月时每天喂精料0.8-0.9千克，5-6月龄时喂1.2-1.4千克，6-7月龄时喂1.6千克。(3)统糖50%，玉米粗粉24%，菜籽饼8%，糖饼10%，棉籽饼6%，贝壳粉1.5%，食盐0.5%。每天饲喂3次，夜间加喂1次。夏秋供井水，冬春饮温水。饲喂顺序是:先草后料，先料后水。早饱，晚适中，饲草搭配多样化，禁喂发霉变质饲料。干草要切短。羊减食每只喂干酵母4-6片。 2.放牧加补饲育肥。草场质量较好地区，采取放牧为主，补饲为辅，降低饲养成本，充分利用草场。配方:(1)玉米粉26%，麦麸 7%，棉籽饼7%，酒 糟48%，草粉10%，食盐1%，尿素0.6%，添加剂0.4%。混合均匀后，羊每天傍晚补饲300克左右。(2)玉米70%，豆饼28%，食盐2%。饲喂时加草粉15%，混均拌湿饲喂。 五、应用肉羊增重剂。目前常用的肉羊增重剂有:1.每只羊每天用羊育肥复合饲料添加剂2.5-3.3克混合饲喂，适于生长期和育肥期。2.每千克日粮中添加莫能菌素25-30毫克，均匀混入饲料中饲喂。3.每千克混合饲料中添加杆菌肽锌10-20毫克，混均喂羔羊。4.按每千克日粮添加喹乙醇50-80毫克混料饲喂 。5.每只羊每天添加牛羊乐(又名磷酸脲)10克饲喂。6.在日粮中添加1.5%-2%的尿素饲喂，忌溶于水中或单独饲喂，防止中毒。中毒者可用20%-30%糖水或0.5%食醋解救。 六、精心管理。要求羊舍地势干燥，向阳避风，建成塑料大棚暖圈，高度1.5米左右，每只羊占地面积0.8-1.2平方米。保持圈舍冬暖夏凉，通风流畅。勤扫羊舍，地面洁净。育肥前要对圈舍、墙壁、地面及舍外环境of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 等严格消毒。大小羊要分圈饲养，易于管理育肥。定期给羊注射炭疽、快疫、羊痘、羊肠毒血症等四联疫苗免疫。经常刷拭羊体，保持皮肤洁净。随时观察羊体健康状况，发现异常及时隔离诊断治疗。 养小尾寒羊要注意哪些问题怎样养殖小尾寒羊 高腿小尾寒羊是著名的肉裘兼用大型棉羊品种，其适应性强、耐粗饲、不啃树木，可以圈养或关栏式饲养，可充分利用作物秸秆;是实现工厂化养羊的最佳品种。 养高腿小尾寒羊应注意的几个问题: 一、选好优良种羊。种公羊身高应在90厘米以上，体重应在百公斤以上，母羊身高应在80厘米以上，体重在70公斤以上，两者都应为达到生育年龄的健康种羊。 二、实行圈养的，场地要背风向阳，有一定坡度，不存水，应设有挡风、不漏雨雪、光线充足的羊舍。为提高饲草利用率，要对作物秸秆进行粉丝糖化处理，加上适当的精料科学喂养，对孕羊、哺乳羊，要分圈饲养，以防止母羊流产和大羔抢奶，影响小羔的生长。对商品公羊一律去势育肥，后备公羊应系上兜袋布，防止早配或近亲交配。三、对于放养或半栏式饲养的，牧场与羊舍间距离不能大于5公里，否则远距离放牧，体能消耗过大，影响羊的正常发育。 四、炎热夏季应选早、晚放牧。每年应在早春剪毛，一般根据当地的气候条件，平均气温达15?左右为宜，毛剪早了羊易感冒，剪晚了易遭蚊虫叮咬，同时气温过高影响羊的采食和正常生长发育。 五、放牧的地势不能超过45度，羊爬陡坡，体能消耗大，影响其采食与生长。 六、不能与其它品种羊混放，因其它品种羊脚轻，吃草尖走的快，小尾寒羊温驯，行动缓慢，跟不上，吃不好，影响羊的生长发育。 七、小尾寒羊一年二胎，胎产2—6只，羊长得快，特别是母羊，泌乳与胎儿发育同步进行，必须补饲精料，才能满足其生长发育的需要。成年羊每只每天平均应补饲400克左右精料。八、为提高羔羊的成活率及生长速度，可根据羊群数量，适当配备几只奶羊，进行人工挤奶补饲，不要让羊羔直接吃奶羊奶，要定时、分期、分批有计划的进行人工用奶瓶补饲，of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 同时还要看护好，防止大羔抢小羔的奶，以免影响小羔的正常发育。九、 商品羊出栏以前，要进行30天左右的圈养育肥，增加精料，减少运动，待 膘情适合时再上市，这样会增加出肉率，提高经济效益。十、为保证羊群 健康发展，要作好羊群的生产，及时调换种公羊，避免近亲交配，确 保羊群的遗传优势。 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical