（翻译）美国政府公布的行政人员胜任能力

（翻译）美国政府公布的行政人员胜任能力 MOSAIC Competencies: Professional & Administrative Occupations 1996-1997 General Competencies(通用能力) Competency Description Reading理解力 Understands and interprets written material, including technical material, rules, regulations, instructions, reports, charts, graphs, or tables; applies what is learned from written material to specific situations. 理解书面资料，包括技术资 料、、规则、用法说明、报告、图表;应用这些从书面资料中所学到的知识到特殊的 情况中。 Writing书面表达Recognizes or uses correct English grammar, punctuation, and spelling; 能力 communicates information (for example, facts, ideas, or messages) in a succinct and organized manner; produces written information, which may include technical material, that is appropriate for the intended audience. 运用 正确的语法、标点符号和拼写;用简洁的有组织的方式传达信息;为有意向的人员提供适 当的书面资料，包括技术材料。 Arithmetic计算Performs computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and 能力 division correctly using whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages. 准确运用整体数字、分数、十进小数和百分数完成项目估算 Mathematical Solves practical problems by choosing appropriately from a variety of Reasoning数字mathematical and statistical techniques. 通过对多种精确的统计技巧恰当选择来解 推理 决实际问。 Oral Expresses information (for example, ideas or facts) to individuals or groups Communicatioeffectively, taking into account the audience and nature of the information (for n口头信息传达能example, technical, sensitive, controversial); makes clear and convincing oral 力 presentations; listens to others, attends to nonverbal cues, and responds appropriately. 与个人或组织高校的传递信息(例如:想法和现实);重视听众和信息种 类(例如:技术的、感觉的、争论的);形成清晰令人心悦诚服的口头表达;聆听他人， 关注非语言的暗示并作适当的反应。 Creative Uses imagination to develop new insights into situations and applies innovative Thinking创新能solutions to problems; designs new methods where established methods and 力 procedures are inapplicable or are unavailable. 利用想象力在职位中显示出新的见 解，并应用革新性的去解决问题。旧的方法和程序不适用没有收益，构思新的模式。 Information Identifies a need for and knows where or how to gather information; organizes Management信and maintains information or information management systems. 识别需求，理 息管理能力 解如何或哪里收集信息;组织和维护信息或信息管理系统 Decision Makes sound, well-informed, and objective decisions; perceives the impact and Making决策能力 implications of decisions; commits to action, even in uncertain situations, to accomplish organizational goals; causes change. 制定合理的、全面的、客观的决 策;察觉决策的效果和暗示;甚至在不明确的形势下付诸行动，完成组织的目标;促成变 革。 Reasoning推理Identifies rules, principles, or relationships that explain facts, data, or other 力 information; analyzes information and makes correct inferences or draws accurate conclusions. 识别解释事实、资料、信息的标准、原理或关系;分析信息和获 得确定的推理或提出精确的论据。 Problem Identifies problems; determines accuracy and relevance of information; uses Solving解决能力 sound judgment to generate and evaluate alternatives, and to make recommendations. 识别问题;鉴别信息的精确度和中肯度;运用合理的判断去产生和 评估可供选择办法，然后进行建议。 Mental Sees things in the mind by mentally organizing and processing symbols, Visualization形pictures, graphs, objects, or other information (for example, sees a building 象思维力 from a blueprint, or sees the flow of work activities from reading a work plan). 在脑中反映的事物通过智力组织和形象、图片、图表、物品和其他信息的处理。 Learning学习能Uses efficient learning techniques to acquire and apply new knowledge and 力 skills; uses training, feedback, or other opportunities for self- learning and development. 运用有效的学习技巧去获得和应用新的知识和技能;利用培训、反馈和其 他机会学习和发展。 Self-Esteem自Believes in own self- worth; maintains a positive view of self and displays a 我评价力 professional image. 相信自己的价值;树立公司一个正确的观点和展示专业设想 Teamwork合作Encourages and facilitates cooperation, pride, trust, and group identity; fosters 力 commitment and team spirit; works with others to achieve goals. 鼓励和促进合 作、自尊、信任和团队一致，培养承担义务和团队精神，和他人配合工作达到目标。 Integrity/HoneContributes to maintaining the integrity of the organization; displays high sty 正直/诚实 standards of ethical conduct and understands the impact of violating these standards on an organization, self, and others; is trustworthy. Self-ManagemSets well-defined and realistic personal goals; displays a high level of initiative, ent自我管理能力 effort, and commitment towards completing assignments in a timely manner; works with minimal supervision; is motivated to achieve; demonstrates responsible behavior. 设立明确的、现实的个人目标;以恰当的方式展示高度的主动、 努力和义务去完成工作;对最小限度的监督起作用;有目的性的完成;对行为有责任感。 Interpersonal Shows understanding, friendliness, courtesy, tact, empathy, concern, and Skills人际关系能politeness to others; develops and maintains effective relationships with 力 others; may include effectively dealing with individuals who are difficult, hostile, or distressed; relates well to people from varied backgrounds and different situations; is sensitive to cultural diversity, race, gender, disabilities, and other individual differences. 对他人表现理解、友善、谦恭、机智、关注、礼貌; 发展和维护高校的人际关系;甚至包括与那些难以相处、敌对的、悲伤的个人有效的交际; 结交各种背景和不同层次的人;对于文化差、种族、性别、能力以及个体差别的差异感觉 敏锐。 Planning and Organizes work, sets priorities, and determines resource requirements; Evaluatingdetermines short or long- term goals and strategies to achieve them; 执行力 coordinates with other organizations or parts of the organization to accomplish goals; monitors progress and evaluates outcomes. 组织工作，制定优先权，确定 资源需求，制定长期或短期的目标和战略去完成，与其他的组织或部门配合完成目标，监 控进度和评估成果。 Attention to Is thorough when performing work and conscientious about attending to detail. Detail关注细节 在工作进行中去关注细节 Financial Prepares, justifies, and/or administers the budget for program areas; plans, Management财administers, and monitors expenditures to ensure cost- effective support of 务管理能力 programs and policies; assesses financial condition of an organization. 准备， 证明或管理项目预算;计划、执行、监控支出以确保项目的支持和方针的有效花费。 Managing Plans, distributes, coordinates, and monitors work assignments of others; Human evaluates work performance and provides feedback to others on their Resources人力performance; ensures that staff are appropriately selected, utilized, and 资源管理能力 developed, and that they are treated in a fair and equitable manner. 计划、分 类、匹配并监控他人的工作;评估绩效，提供反馈他们的工作成绩;确保员工恰当的选拔、 运用和发展，运用公证、公平的方式。 Leadership领导Influences, motivates, and challenges others; adapts leadership styles to a 能力 variety of situations. 影响、激励、挑战他人;对于不同的层次改变领导风格。 Teaching Helps others learn through formal or informal methods; identifies training Others教授 needs; provides constructive feedback; coaches others on how to perform tasks; acts as a mentor. 用正式或非正式的方式帮助别人学习;识别培训需求;提出建 设性的反馈;指导他人如何完成任务;胜任顾问。 Customer Works with clients and customers (that is, any individuals who use or receive Service服务意识 the services or products that your work unit produces, including the general public, individuals who work in the agency, other agencies, or organizations outside the Government) to assess their needs, provide information or assistance, resolve their problems, or satisfy their expectations; knows about available products and services; is committed to providing quality products and services. 为客户和消费者服务，评估他们的需求、提供信息或协助，解决他们的问题， 满足他们的期望;了解有效产品和服务;忠于产品质量和服务。 Organizational Knows the organization’s mission and functions, and how its social, political, Awareness组织and technological systems work and operates effectively within them; this 意识力 includes the programs, policies, procedures, rules, and regulations of the organization. 了解团体的任务和职责，了解他的社会、政治、科技体系如何工作和如何 有效的操作;这个包括纲要、方针、程序、规则和机构贵、规章。 External Identifies and understands economic, political, and social trends that affect the Awareness外部organization. 辨别理解影响组织结构的经济、政治、社会趋势。 感知能力 Vision想象力 Understands where the organization is headed and how to make a contribution; takes a long- term view and recognizes opportunities to help the organization accomplish its objectives or move toward the vision. 知道机构的方向和如何为机 构服务;接受长期的观点和抓住机会帮助机构达到目标。 Influencing/NePersuades others to accept recommendations, cooperate, or change their gotiating影响能behavior; works with others towards an agreement; negotiates to find mutually 力 acceptable solutions. 说服他人接受建议，合作和改变他们的行为;朝着一至方向工作; 通过谈判寻求相互接受的解决方案。 Conflict Manages and resolves conflicts, grievances, confrontations, or disagreements Management冲in a constructive manner to minimize negative personal impact. 管理和分解冲 突管理能力 突、委屈、对质以及政治。用建设性的方式将个人消极情绪减少到最低。 Stress Deals calmly and effectively with high stress situations (for example, tight Tolerance压力忍deadlines, hostile individuals, emergency situations, dangerous situations). 在 受力 高度压力下能够平和高效的处理事情。(例如，临近最终期限，敌对方，紧急事件， 危险 状况) Flexibility适应能Is open to change and new information; adapts behavior or work methods in 力 response to new information, changing conditions, or unexpected obstacles; effectively deals with ambiguity. 接受改变和新的信息;制定行为和工作方式去适应新 的信息，条件的改变和意外的状况;有效的处理不清晰的事情。 Technology Uses machines, tools, or equipment effectively; uses computers and computer Application技术applications to analyze and communicate information in the appropriate 应用能力 format. 有效的利用设计、工具或设备;运用计算机和应用软件去分析、传达信息用合理 的方式。 Technical Uses knowledge that is acquired through formal training or extensive on- the- Competence技job experience to perform one's job; works with, understands, and evaluates 术技能 technical information related to the job; advises others on technical issues. 利 用通过正式培训获得的知识和丰富的工作经验去完成任务;配合、理解和评估技术信息与 工作的关系;在技术问题上给他人建议。 Memory 记忆力 Recalls information that has been presented previously. 恢复已经出现的信息。 Quickly and accurately sees detail in words, numbers, pictures, and graphs. 快Perceptual Speed灵敏感知力 速准确看到消息、数字、图片和表格的细节。 Agility 灵活处理Bends, stretches, twists, or reaches out with the body, arms, or legs 能力 Stamina 耐力 Exerts oneself physically over long periods of time without tiring (which may include performing repetitive tasks such as data entry or coding). Physical Exerts maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects; performs Strength 身体素moderately laboring work. 质 Eye-Hand Accurately coordinates one's eyes with one's fingers, wrists, or arms to perform Coordination眼job-related tasks (for example, to move, carry, or manipulate objects). 睛手的协调能力 Spatial Knows one’s location in relation to the environment; determines where other Orientation 方objects are in relation to one's self (for example, when using a map). 位、空间识别能力 Visual Accurately identifies people, animals, or objects based on knowledge of their Identification characteristics. 视觉识别力 Peripheral Sees objects or movement of objects to one’s side when the eyes are focused Vision 视觉能力 forward. Depth Accurately judges which of several objects is closer or farther away from the Perception 深度observer, or the distance between an object and the observer. 理解 Visual Color Accurately matches or detects differences between colors, including shades of Discrimination color and brightness. 视觉颜色识别能力 Technical Competencies Competency Description Knowledge of planning, coordination, and execution of Administration and business functions, resource allocation, and production. Management Knowledge of filing, typing, entering data, maintaining Clerical records, taking shorthand, and using and completing forms. Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and Economics and practices, tax laws and practices, the financial markets, Accounting banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Knowledge of generally accepted auditing standards and Auditing procedures for conducting financial and compliance, economy and efficiency, and program results audits. Knowledge of various types of insurance, insurance Insurance regulations, claims processing, examination, adjudication, or adjustment. Knowledge of showing, promoting, and selling products and Sales and Marketing services. Knowledge of hiring, classification, benefits, labor relations, Personnel and Human negotiation, and federal, state, and local employment Resources regulations. Knowledge of inputs, outputs, raw materials, waste, quality Production and Processing control, costs, maintaining inventory, and techniques for maximizing the manufacture and distribution of goods. Knowledge of planning, growing, and harvesting of food for Food Production consumption using appropriate equipment and techniques. Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and Computers and Electronics computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Knowledge of engineering concepts, principles, and practices, Engineering and and of equipment, tools, mechanical devices, and their uses to Technology produce motion, light, power, technology, and other applications. Knowledge of developing, producing, understanding, and Design using plans, blueprints, models, and maps, including the use of tools and instruments to produce precision technical drawings. Knowledge of materials, methods, and the appropriate tools to Building and Construction construct objects, structures, and buildings. Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, Mechanical uses, benefits, repair, and maintenance. Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, and Physics applications including air, water, material dynamics, light, atomic principles, heat, electric theory, earth formations, and meteorological and related natural phenomena. Knowledge of chemicals, including hazardous materials, and Chemistry their uses, interactions, dangers, production, and disposal. Knowledge of the environment, plant and animal living tissue, Biology cells, organisms, and entities, including their functions, interdependencies and interactions with each other and the environment. Knowledge of human behavior and performance in various Psychology contexts, mental processes, or the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends Sociology and and influences, cultures, their history, migrations, ethnicity, Anthropology and origins. Knowledge of geographical locations, their relationships and Geography characteristics. Knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of injuries, Medicine and Dentistry diseases, and deformities, including preventive health- care measures. Knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental Therapy and Counseling ailments, and career guidance Knowledge of teaching, training, research, making Education and Training presentations, lecturing, testing, and other instructional methods. Knowledge of sign language or of the structure and content of Foreign Language a foreign (non- English) language, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Knowledge of theory and techniques required to produce, Fine Arts compose, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, History and Archeology and impact on particular civilization and cultures, and of preservation and archival techniques. Knowledge of different philosophical systems, including their Philosophy basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, religions, and practices, and their impact on human culture. Knowledge of the military, weaponry, and intelligence Public Safety and Security operations; public safety and security operations; occupational health and safety; investigation and inspection techniques; or rules, regulations, precautions, and prevention techniques for the protection of people, data, and property. Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, Legal, Government and legal practices and documents, government regulations, Jurisprudence executive orders, agency rules, government organization and functions, and the democratic political process. Knowledge of transmissions, broadcasting, switching, control, Telecommunications and operation of telecommunications systems. Knowledge of the production, communication and Communications and dissemination of information and ideas to inform and entertain Media via written, oral, and visual media. Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or Transportation goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including costs and limits. Knowledge of various types of contracts, techniques for Contracting/Procurement contracting or procurement, and contract negotiation and administration. Knowledge of real estate principles, practices, markets, and Real Estate values. Knowledge of functions, principles, practices, and techniques Public Planning of public planning, including those related to community planning, outdoor recreation planning, and natural resource management, such as demand forecasting, environmental impact analysis, financial forecasting, and land use planning and zoning.