外贸行业前景分析

外贸行业前景分析 我国外贸行业发展现状的分析和研究 时间:2010-10-22 来源:中国信息大学学报 摘要:本文主要从“当前我国外贸行业发展现状分析与研究——兼论我校国际贸易人才培养和课程体系优化”的课题研究思路出发，论述了我校开展该项课题研究所体现的该领域范围内的学术研究价值，以及对我校学科建设及人才培养的重大意义。 关键词:外贸行业 课题研究 意义 改革开放以来，中国在世界经济体一体化进程中，通过充分利用国内国际两个市场、两种资源，经济获得快速发展。在拉动经济增长的三驾马车中，出口对经济增长的作用突出，尤其是加入WTO以来，作为最大的发展中国家，中国经济不断融入世界，稳定较快的增长使之成为世界关注的焦点，并对世界经济的稳定与增长发挥的作用越来越大。 一、新形势对外贸行业的影响 随着全球经济联系越来越密切，相互依赖作用更加明显，两次全球性的金融危机(1997年亚洲金融危机和2008年美国次贷危机)使得世界经济发展格局出现了一些重要变化，也使得中国经济在金融危机及世界经济中的表现越来越突出，但同时金融危机对我国经济的影响也日益加重，特别是对我国外贸企业造成了严重影响，使得国内经济发展依靠出口拉动越来越困难，以及我国的对外贸易中问题表现越来越突出，外向型企业的生存和发展面临新的国际国内经济环境和形势，外向型企业必须对此有清楚的认识和理解。具体体现在以下几个方面。 1.国际金融危机及其影响 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 2008年的美国次贷危机引发了全球金融危机，对世界经济产生了严重影响，特别是对金融危机的起源地美国，世界其他各主要经济体也出现增长下滑甚至负增长，由此导致世界市场需求萎缩，外需急剧下降。2009年，全球贸易下降22%，对我国出口导向型的经济而言，外贸依存度(进出口总额占GDP 的比重)高达70%，出口产品、市场结构也主要集中在发达国家，因此，我国总体出口规模减小。总体来看，对东南沿海外向型企业经营和就业影响较大，从而对整个国内需求带来了不利影响，国内宏观调控的基调也主要以刺激内需为主。 2.贸易保护主义与贸易摩擦 贸易自由还是贸易保护一直是国际贸易领域争论的问题，目前在世界范围内形成了全球性舆论，即是市场出了问题，政府来救，面临金融风险、失业，政府赤字、经济减速等经济问题，由此导致美国等西方发达国家以及中国的主要出口目的国均出现各种形式的贸易保护主义现象，给中国的外贸出口企业造成很大影响，贸易摩擦不断升级，使得来自美国、欧盟等发过国家的反倾销反补贴成为我国外贸企业在最近及未来一段时期内面临的主要问题。 3.一直以来的人民币升值压力 2005年，中国继20世纪80年代以来的日本，成为美国最大的贸易顺差国，2007年，中国对美贸易顺差达到1633.2亿美元。实际上，自2005年我国实行有管理的浮动汇率体制以来，人们币对美元的汇率一直处在上升的趋势，人民币升值幅度超过20%，而中国的对外贸易不降反升。 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 2008年美国次贷危机发生后，中国对外贸易顺差有所减少。2009年，在全球金融危机的影响下，人民币汇率基本稳定，贸易顺差下降了30%多。但来自美国等西方国家的人民币升值压力依然很大，尤其是近期，面临严重的国内失业和政治大选，美国甚至通过政治手段施加压力迫使人民币升值，寄希望于人民币汇率大幅度升值以减少对中国产品的进口，拉动美国国内的就业和生产，缓和严重的国际收支不平衡。 4.国内经济发展方式转变(由投资和出口拉动向内需推动转变)与产业结构调整升级 国际经济形势的变化，使得国内经济发展的结构性矛盾更加显现出来，国内经济发展方式转变和产业结构调整升级更加迫切。一方面，我国经济发展一直以来主要依赖投资和出口拉动，而对现代需求导向型的经济而言，内需是经济发展的动力，消费在一定意义上决定生产，没有需求就没有生产，就没有就业;另一方面，随着我国改革开放不断加深，市场经济体制不断完善，但科技水平较低、创新发展缺乏动力与机制一直是当前及未来一段时期内中国经济崛起面临的关键问题。我国企业通过比较优势参与国际分工，结果是整个世界市场人类消费产品链条的中下游几乎被廉价的中国产品垄断，产品附加值低，国际竞争力不强。也因此经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整升级是未来一段时期内中国经济发展面临的重要问题。 面临国际国内经济形势，外贸企业必须清楚认识面临的经营环境，时刻关注国际国内经济形势，调整经营理念和发展方式，才能获得可持of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 续发展。因此，从当前的现状及发展趋势看，要求外贸行业的人才培养也必须适应当前社会发展的需求。 二、新形势下我校外贸专业人才培养及学科建设 在以上这种国内国际形势下，以开放的视角开展我国外贸行业发展现状与趋势的研究，主要分析我国外贸企业面临的新形势和发展趋势，并对其存在和面临的问题做出一些思考，对于理解我国经济发展、认识和把握外贸企业发展方向具有重要意义。在此基础上，分析和研究外贸行业人才所应具备的知识能力结构，从而进行我校国际贸易专业人才培养目标的定位与课程结构体系的优化设置，以加强我校学科建设。具体来看，主要体现在以下几个方面: 1.在该领域学术研究价值上是前沿的和积极的，主要是研究金融危机以来我国整个外贸行业发展面临的新形势，表现出的新特点和新问题 国际贸易是古老的学科，它能够通过比较优势使得贸易各国的生产突破一国原有资源的限制，提高资源配置的效率。有关国际贸易领域的理论和实践研究众多，但事物的发展不断表现出新的特点、问题及面临新的发展趋势，需要我们不断对新问题、新现象进行分析和认识，尤其需要对金融危机以来我国对外贸易发展面临的新形势，表现出的新特点，及存在的问题和对策进行思考，以更好的认识和了解行业的发展趋势。 2.以更开放的视角，从宏观层面认识外贸行业、企业的整体发展现状和趋势 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 世界各国的经济联系更加密切，尽管全球性的金融危机对自由开放的市场经济带来了严重影响，但总体上来看，并不会改变全球经济一体化的进程。因此，从经济全球化的角度以及中国改革开放以来的经济增长来看，中国的发展和崛起需要我们以更加开放的视野、更积极的心态融入到世界经济中，尤其对于外贸行业来说，在目前这种较为困难的形势下，更需要我们了解和关注国际国内经济形势，把握外贸行业的发展趋势，从而调整经营理念和发展方式，以获得可持续发展。而以这种开放的视角理解中国经济发展，认识外贸企业发展方向，实际上对于我们外贸行业复合型人才培养也提出了更高的要求。 3.适应当前社会发展的需要，增强毕业生竞争力。使教师的教学活动更能把握这一学科专业的方向和内容，使我校人才培养主动 以理论联系实际的方法，从对国际贸易理论的认识和掌握出发，对我国外贸行业、企业实际问题进行分析和研究，也是对我国整个外贸形势和发展趋势进行的思考和认识，通过外贸行业发展趋势分析判断人才需求状况，对我校国际贸易专业人才培养进行定位，并提出相应的课程体系结构设置，从而可以使教师的教学活动更能把握这一学科专业的方向和内容，使我校人才培养主动适应当前社会发展的需要，增强毕业生竞争力。 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall