人教版高中生物必修1-3册课后习题汇总

人教版高中生物必修1-3册课后习题汇总 必修一 一、选择题: 1、下列关于高倍镜使用的描述，错误的是( ) A、先在低倍镜下看清楚，再转至高倍镜 B、先用粗准焦螺旋调节，再用细准焦螺旋调节 C、把视野调亮，图像才清晰 D、高倍镜缩小了观察的视野，放大了倍数 2、原核细胞和真核细胞最明显的区别在于( ) A、有无核物质 B、有无细胞质 C、有无核膜 D、有无细胞膜 3、病毒、蓝藻和酵母菌都具有的物质或结构是( ) A、细胞壁 B、细胞质 C、细胞膜 D、遗传物质 4、细胞学说揭示了( ) A、植物细胞与动物细胞的区别 B、生物体结构的统一性 C、细胞为什么要产生新细胞 D、人们对细胞的认识是一个艰难曲折的过程 5、科学家在研究生物体的化学成分时，发现组成生物体的元素在非生物界中也都存在，这一事实主要说明( ) A、生物与非生物没有区别 B、生物界与非生物界具有统一性 C、生物来源于非生物 D、生物界与非生物界具有差异性 6.下列物质中，属于氨基酸的是( ) —CHOH A.NH—CH—COOH B.NH—CH22222 7、胰岛素分子有A、B两条肽链，A链有21个氨基酸，B链有30个氨基酸，胰岛素分子中肽键的数目是( ) A、48 B、49 C、50 D、51 8、细胞内组成DNA的五碳糖是( ) A、核糖 B、葡萄糖 C、脱氧核糖 D、麦芽糖 9、豌豆叶肉细胞中的核酸，含有的碱基种类是( ) A、1种 B、4种 C、5种 D、8种 10、细胞通过呼吸作用分解糖类并释放能量，直接利用的糖类是( ) A、麦芽糖 B、核糖 C、葡萄糖 D、蔗糖 11、谷物中含量丰富的多糖是( ) A、糖原和纤维素 B、淀粉和糖原 C、淀粉和纤维素 D、蔗糖和麦芽糖 12、组成糖原、淀粉、纤维素的单体都是( ) A、核糖 B、半乳糖 C、葡萄糖 D、脱氧核糖 13、在人和动物皮下含量丰富的储能物质是( ) A、糖原 B、淀粉 C、脂肪 D、蛋白质 14、细胞中含量最多的化合物是( ) A、蛋白质 B、淀粉 C、水 D、糖原 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 15、水在生物体的许多化学反应中充当( ) A、溶剂 B、催化剂 C、载体 D、还原剂 16、下列离子中哪种不是细胞需要的,( ) -2+2+2-A、Cl B、Fe C、SO D、Pb 4 17、在植物和动物细胞内都具有的糖类是( ) A、葡萄糖 B、蔗糖 C、麦芽糖 D、乳糖 18、下列能够聚合形成DNA分子的物质是( ) A、脱氧核糖 B、脱氧核苷酸 C、氨基酸 D、含氮碱基 19、下列哪种物质的合成过程需要供给氮源( ) A、糖原 B、淀粉 C、脂肪 D、胰岛素 20、夏季酷暑时分，在室外作业的人们应多引用( ) A、盐汽水 B、牛奶 C、纯净水 D、果汁 21、科学家常用哺乳动物红细胞作材料来研究细胞膜的组成，是因为( ) A、哺乳动物红细胞容易得到 B、哺乳动物红细胞在水中容易涨破 C、哺乳动物成熟的红细胞内没有核膜、线粒体膜等膜结构 D、哺乳动物红细胞的细胞膜在光学显微镜下容易观察到 22、组成细胞膜的主要成分是( ) A、磷脂、蛋白质 B、糖脂、糖蛋白 C、脂质、蛋白质、无机盐 D、磷脂、蛋白质、核酸 23、下列哪一项不属于细胞膜的功能,( ) A、控制物质进出细胞 B、将胰岛细胞形成的胰岛素，分泌到胰岛细胞外 C、提高细胞内化学反应的速率 D、作为系统的边界，维持细胞内环境的稳定 24、在唾液细胞中，参与合成并分泌唾液淀粉酶的细胞器有( ) A、线粒体、中心体、高尔基体、内质网 B、内质网、核糖体、叶绿体、高尔基体 C、内质网、核糖体、高尔基体、线粒体 D、内质网、核糖体、高尔基体、中心体 25、在成人心肌细胞中的数量显著多余腹肌细胞中数量的细胞器是( ) A、核糖体 B、线粒体 C、内质网 D、高尔基体 26、下列有关生物膜的叙述，不正确的是( ) A、膜的组成成分可以从内质网膜转移到高尔基体膜，再转移到细胞膜 B、各种生物膜的化学组成和结构相似 C、生物膜是对生物体内所有膜结构的统称 D、生物膜既各司其职，又相互协作，共同完成细胞的生理功能 27、细胞核内行驶遗传功能的结构是( ) A、核膜 B、核孔 C、染色质 D、核仁 28、下列关于细胞核的说法，不正确的是( ) A、细胞核是遗传物质贮存和复制的场所 B、细胞核控制细胞的代谢和遗传 C、细胞核位于细胞的正中央，所以它是细胞的控制中心 D、DNA主要存在于细胞核内 29、活细胞中，与酶的合成和分泌直接有关的细胞器是( ) A、叶绿体和高尔基体 B、中心体和高尔基体 C、核糖体、内质网和高尔基体 D、高尔基体和溶酶体 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 30、下列有关生物膜的结构特点的叙述，最恰当的一项是( ) A、构成生物膜的磷脂分子可以运动 B、构成生物膜的蛋白质分子可以运动 C、构成生物膜的磷脂分子和蛋白质分子是静止的 D、构成生物膜的磷脂分子和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动 31、下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是( ) A、相对分子质量小的物质或离子都可以通过自由扩散进入细胞内 B、大分子有机物要通过载体蛋白的转运才能进入细胞内，并且要消耗能量 C、协助扩散和自由扩散都是顺浓度梯度进行，既然消耗细胞的能量，也需要依靠膜上的载体蛋白 D、主动运输发生在细胞逆浓度梯度吸收物质时，既消耗细胞的能量，也需要依靠膜上的载体蛋白 32、下列说法中错误的是( ) A、果脯在腌制中慢慢变甜，是细胞主动吸收糖分的结果 B、水分子进出细胞是通过自由扩散 C、葡萄糖进入红细胞需要载体蛋白的帮助，但不消耗能量，属于协助扩散 D、大肠杆菌吸收K+属于主动运输，既消耗能量，又需要膜上的载体蛋白 33、将刚萎蔫的菜叶放入清水中，菜叶细胞中的水分能够得到恢复的原因属于( ) A、主动吸水 B、主动运输 C、自由扩散和主动运输 D、自由扩散 34、下列物质通过细胞膜时需要载体的是( ) A、水分子进入根毛细胞 B、氧进入肺泡细胞 +C、K被吸收进入小肠绒毛上皮细胞 D、二氧化碳进入毛细血管 35、下列关于酶的述，全面而准确的是( ) A、酶不能脱离生物体器作用 B、酶是蛋白质 C、酶与无机催化剂没有本质区别 D、酶是活细胞产生的有催化作用的有机物 36、能够促使唾液淀粉酶水解的酶是( ) A、淀粉酶 B、蛋白酶 C、脂肪酶 D、麦芽糖酶 37、在植物细胞中常常需要去掉细胞壁。在不损伤植物细胞内部结构的情况下，下列哪种物质可用于去除细胞壁,( ) A、蛋白酶 B、纤维素酶 C、盐酸 D、淀粉酶 38、ATP的结构式可以简写成( ) A、A-P-P~P B、A-P~P~P C、A~P~P-P D、A~P~P~P 39、关于有氧呼吸的特点(与无氧呼吸相比)，下列表述中不正确的是( ) A、需要多种酶参与 B、释放二氧化碳 C、分解有机物不彻底 D、生成大量的ATP 40、将酵母菌培养液进行离心处理。把沉淀的酵母菌破碎后，再次离心处理为只含酵母菌细胞质基质的上清液和只含有酵母菌细胞器的沉淀物两部分，与未离心处理过的酵母菌培养液分别放入甲、乙、丙3个试管中，并向这3个试管内同时滴入等量、等浓度的葡萄糖溶液。在有氧的条件下，最终能通过细胞呼吸产生CO和HO的试管是( ) 22 A、甲 B、丙 C、甲和乙 D、丙和乙 41、吸收光能的色素分布在( ) A、叶绿体的外膜上 B、类囊体的薄膜上 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application C、叶绿体的内膜上 D、叶绿体的基质中 42、光合作用发生的部位是( ) A、叶绿素 B、叶绿体 C、类囊体的薄膜 D、叶绿体的基质 43、光合作用中形成ATP的部位是( ) A、叶绿体外膜 B、叶绿体内膜 C、叶绿体基质 D、类囊体 44、下列物质中，暗反应阶段所必需的是( ) A、叶绿素 B、ADP C、ATP D、O 21445、科学家用含有C的二氧化碳来追踪光合作用中的碳原子，这种碳原子的转移途径是( ) A、二氧化碳?叶绿素?ADP B、二氧化碳?叶绿体?ATP C、二氧化碳?乙醇?糖类 D、二氧化碳?三碳化合物?糖类 46、下图是利用小球藻进行光合作用实验的示意图。图中A物质和B物质的相对分子质量的比是( ) 47、下列试管中加入碘液后变成蓝色的是( ) 试管号 试管中的物 条件 1 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液 37?，5min 2 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml清水 37?，5min 3 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml稀释的唾液 37?，5min 4 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液 95?，5min 5 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液+3滴盐酸 37?，5min A、1、2、3 B、2、3、4 C、3、4、5 D、2、4、5 48、叶绿体与线粒体在结构和功能上的相同点是( ) ?具有双层膜 ?分解有机物，释放能量 ?产生氧气 ?水作为生理功能的一种原料 ?含有DNA ?内部含有酶 A、???? B、???? C、???? D、???? 49、比较3个正方体模型，哪一个模型更能表示生物体细胞大小和数量的状况,( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 50、DNA复制发生在( ) A、间期 B、前期 C、中期 D、后期 51、有丝分裂过程中，着丝点分裂发生在( ) A、间期 B、前期 C、中期 D、后期 52、动物细胞的有丝分裂过程与植物细胞明显不同的是( ) A、间期有染色体的复制 B、后期有着丝点的分裂 C、中心粒周围出现星射线，形成纺锤体 D、后期到末期染色体平均分配到两个子细胞中 E、末期在细胞的中央不形成细胞板 53、关于无丝分裂名称的由来，主要原因是( ) A、细胞分裂过程比较简单 B、分裂过程中无纺锤丝和染色体的出现 C、分裂时细胞核先延长缢裂 D、分裂时整个细胞缢裂为两部分 54、细胞全能性是指( ) A、细胞具有全面的生理功能 B、细胞既能分化，也能恢复到分化前的状态 C、已经分化的细胞仍然具有发育成完整个体的潜能 D、已经分化的细胞全部能进一步分化 55、下列哪项不是细胞衰老的特征,( ) A、细胞内水分减少 B、细胞代谢缓慢 C、细胞不能继续分化 D、细胞内色素积累较多 56、下列关于有丝分裂的重要性的说法，不正确的是( ) A、产生新细胞，是生物体生长 B、产生新细胞，替换死亡的细胞 C、单细胞生物都是通过有丝分裂进行繁殖 D、对细胞的遗传有重要意义 57、下列各项中属于化学致癌因子的是( ) A、电离辐射 B、X射线 C、紫外线 D、苯 58、下列有关衰老细胞特征的叙述，不正确的是( ) A、衰老的细胞新陈代谢速率加快 B、在衰老的细胞内有些酶的活性降低 C、衰老的细胞呼吸速率减慢 D、细胞膜通透性改变，使物质运输功能降低 59、在细胞有丝分裂过程中，DNA、染色体和染色单体三者数量比是2:1:2的时期是( ) A、前期和中期 B、中期和后期 C、后期和末期 D、间期和末期 60、下列哪种细胞的全能性容易表达出来,( ) A、蛙的口腔上皮细胞 B、蚕豆的叶肉细胞 C、蛔虫的受精卵细胞 D、人的神经细胞 61、下列有关细胞增殖的叙述，错误的是( ) A、细胞分裂可以无限进行下去 B、细胞都要经过发生、生长、成熟、衰老和凋亡的过程 C、高度分化的细胞有可能永远失去增殖的能力 D、癌细胞具有无限增殖的特点 二、判断题: 1、人的各种反射活动都需要多个细胞的参与，不可能由一个细胞独立完成，因此，细胞不可能是 生命活动的基本单位。( ) 2、生命系统的结构层次包括从原子、分子到生物圈的各个层次。( ) 3、原核生物中既有自养生物，又有异养生物。( ) 4、细胞中常见的元素有C、H、O、N等20多种，其中C是最基本的元素。( ) 5、构成细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核的主要化合物是有机物，水和无机盐在活细胞中并不重要。( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 6、蛋白质水解的最终产物是氨基酸。( ) 7、两个氨基酸是通过脱水缩合的方式结合在一起的。( ) 8、DNA和RNA都能携带遗传信息。( ) 9、DNA和RNA的基本组成单位都是核苷酸。( ) 10、DNA只分布在细胞核内，RNA只分布在细胞质中。( ) 11、磷脂是所有细胞必不可少的脂质。( ) 12、所有细胞的组成成分都含有纤维素。( ) 13、组成细胞的元素同样存在于自然环境中，说明生物与非生物具有统一性。( ) 14、细胞中包括蛋白质、核酸在内的有机物都能为细胞的生命活动提供能量。( ) 15、细胞中含量最多的化合物是蛋白质。( ) 16、蛋白质是细胞和生物体功能的重要体现者。( ) 17、核酸是一切生物的遗传物质，仅存在于细胞核中。( ) 18、脂质中的胆固醇是对生物体有害的物质。( ) 19、控制细胞器进行物质合成、能量转换等的指令，主要是通过核孔从细胞核到达细胞质的。( ) 20、拍摄洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞的显微照片就是建构了细胞的物理模型。( ) 21、染色体和染色质是不同物质在同一时期细胞中的两种形态。( ) 22、细胞内各种细胞器之间各司其职，互不联系。( ) 23、细胞膜和液泡膜都是选择透过性膜。( ) 24、水分子进出细胞，取决于细胞内外液体的浓度差。( ) 、小分子物质都能通过细胞膜，大分子物质则不能。( ) 25 26、协助扩散和主动运输都需要细胞膜上的同一种载体蛋白。( ) 27、只有小分子物质和离子能通过协助扩散和自由扩散进入细胞。( ) 28、较大的分子，如葡萄糖等，只有通过主动运输才能进入细胞。( ) 29、所有的细胞都具有相同的细胞膜结构，即由磷脂分子构成膜的基本支架，“嵌入”支架或“漂 浮”在支架两侧的蛋白质的种类和数量相同。( ) 30、当细胞内外存在浓度差时，细胞就会发生质壁分离或复原。( ) 31、叶绿体中只有叶绿素能吸收光能。( ) 32、叶绿体的内部有巨大的膜表面。( ) 33、光合作用释放的氧气来自水。( ) 34、自养生物是专指能够通过光合作用制造有机物的生物。( ) 35、ATP能够及时转化成ADP，这有效地保证了细胞内能量的供应。( ) 36、无氧呼吸与有氧呼吸是细胞内两个完全不同的过程。( ) 37、能否利用光能，是光合作用和化能合成作用的根本区别。( ) 38、衰老的生物体中，细胞都处于衰老状态。( ) 39、细胞凋亡是游戏包内的遗传物质所控制的。( ) 40、细胞死亡是细胞凋亡的同义词。( ) 41、癌细胞是能连续分裂的细胞。( ) 42、人体所有细胞中都有与癌变有关的基因。( ) 43、细胞都能进行有丝分裂。( ) 44、细胞都会衰老凋亡。( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 三:填空题: 1、 2、刚收获的玉米种子在阳光下晒干，重量减轻，这个过程损失的主要是_______,这样的种子在条件适宜时，仍能萌发成幼苗。把晒干后的种子放在一洁净的试管中加热，试管壁上有水珠出现，这些水主要是_____，这样的种子将不能萌发。代谢旺盛的细胞内______的含量相对高些。 3、连线 线粒体 遗传信息库 溶酶体 进行光合作用的场所 细胞壁 控制物质进出细胞 染色质 合成蛋白质的场所 核糖体 支持和保护植物细胞 细胞膜 为细胞生命活动提供能量 中心体 分解衰老、损伤的细胞器 内质网 蛋白质合成和加工以及脂质合成的场所 细胞核 蛋白质加工、分类、包装及运输 叶绿体 遗传物质的主要载体 高尔基体 与动物细胞的有丝分裂有关 4、下图是夏季晴朗的白天，某种绿色植物叶片光合作用强度的曲线图。分析曲线图并回答: (1)为什么7~10时的光合作用强度不断增 强, (2)为什么12时左右的光合作用强度明显减 弱, (3)为什么14~17时的光合作用强度不断下 降, 5、将下列有丝分裂的各个时期与其发生的事件用线连接起来。 间期 染色体排列在细胞中央 前期 染色单体分离并移向细胞两极 中期 染色体复制 后期 染色体出现 末期 染色体消失，核膜重新形成 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 必修二 一、选择题: 1(下列性状中属于相对性状的是( ) A(人的身高与体重; B(兔的长毛与短毛; C(猫的白毛与蓝眼; D(棉花的细绒与长绒。 2(人眼的虹膜有褐色的和蓝色的，褐色是由显性遗传因子控制的，蓝色是由隐陛遗传因子控制的。已知一个蓝眼男人与一个褐眼女人(这个女人的母亲是蓝眼)结婚。这对夫妇生下蓝眼女孩的可能性是( ) A(1,2 B(1,4 C(1,8 D(1,6 3(假如水稻高秆(D)对矮秆(d)为显性，抗稻瘟病(R)对易感稻瘟病(r)为显性，两对性状独立遗传。现用一个纯合易感稻瘟病的矮秆品种(抗倒伏)与一个纯合抗稻瘟病的高秆品种(易倒伏)杂交，F2中出现既抗倒伏又抗病类型的比例为( ) A(1,8; B(1,16; C(3,16; D(3,8。 4(在一对相对性状的遗传实验中，性状分离是指( ) A(纯种显性个体与纯种隐性个体杂交产生显性的后代; B(杂种显性个体与纯种显性个体杂交产生显性的后代; C(杂种显性个体与纯种隐性个体杂交产生隐性的后代; D(杂种显性个体自交产生显性和隐性的后代。 5(基因型为AaBb的个体与aaBb个体杂交，F的表现型比例是( ) 1 A(9:3:3:l; B(1:l:1:1; C(3:l:3:1; D(3:1。 6(一对杂合黑豚鼠产仔4只，4只鼠仔的表现型可能是( ) A(三黑一白; B(全部黑色; C(二黑二白; D(以上三种都有可能。 7(南瓜的果实中白色(W)对黄色(w)为显性，盘状(D)对球状(d)为显性，两对基因独立遗传。下列不同亲本组合所产生的后代中，结白色球状果实最多的一组是( ) A(WwDd×wwdd; B(WWdd×WWdd; C(WwDd×wwDD; D(WwDd×WWDD。 8(与有丝分裂相比，减数分裂过程中染色体最显著的变化之一是( ) A(染色体移向细胞两极; B(同源染色体联会; C(有纺锤体形成; D(着丝点分开。 9(下图所示的细胞最可能是( ) A(精细胞; B(卵细胞; C(初级精母细胞; D(次级精母细胞。 10(下列关于基因和染色体关系的叙述，错误的是( ) A(染色体是基因的主要载体; B(基因在染色体上呈线性排列; C(一条染色体上有多个基因; D(染色体就是由基因组成的。 11(下列关于基因和染色体在减数分裂过程中行为变化的描述，错误的是( ) A(同源染色体分离的同时，等位基因也随之分离; B(非同源染色体自由组合，使所有非等位基因之间也发生自由组合; C(染色单体分开时，复制而来的两个基因也随之分开; D(非同源染色体数量越多，非等位基因组合的种类也越多。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 12(下列关于性染色体的叙述，正确的是( ) A(性染色体上的基因都可以控制性别;B(性别受性染色体控制而与基因无关; C(女儿的性染色体必有一条来自父亲;D(性染色体只存在于生殖细胞中。 13(由X染色体上隐性基因导致的遗传病( ) A(如果父亲患病，女儿一定不患此病; B(如果母亲患病，儿子一定患此病; C(如果外祖父患病，外孙一定患此病; D(如果祖母为患者，孙女一定患此病。 14(在下列4个图中，只能是由常染色体上隐性基因决定的遗传病(图中深颜色表示患者)是( ) 15(减数分裂过程中每个四分体具有( ) A(4个着丝点; B(2条姐妹染色单体; C(4个DNA分子;D(2对染色体。 16(精子形成过程中出现联会现象时，DNA分子数与染色体数之比是( ) A(1:l: B(1:2; C(2:l: D(4:l。 17(男性患病机会多于女性的隐性遗传病，致病基因很可能在( ) A(常染色体上; B(x染色体上; C(Y染色体上; D(线粒体中。 18(下列关于染色体上显性基因决定的遗传病的说法，正确的是( ) A(患者双亲必有一方是患者，人群中的患者女性多于男性; B(男性患者的后代中，子女各有1,2患病; C(女性患者的后代中，女儿都患病，儿子都正常; D(表现正常的夫妇，性染色体上也可能携带致病基因。 19(XY型性别决定的生物，群体中的性别比例为l:1，原因是( ) A(雌配子:雄配子,l:l; B(含X的配子:含Y的配子,l:1; C(含X的精子:含Y的精子,1:l; D(含x的卵细胞:含Y的卵细胞,1:l。 20(在原核生物中，DNA位于( ) A(细胞核; B(核糖体; C(细胞质; D(组蛋白。 21(赫尔希和蔡斯的工作表明( ) A(病毒中有DNA，但没有蛋白质; B(细菌中有DNA，但没有蛋白质; C(遗传物质包括蛋白质和DNA; D(遗传物质是DNA。 22(已知1个DNA分子中有4 000个碱基对，其中胞嘧啶有2 200个，这个DNA分子中应含有的脱氧核苷酸的数目和腺嘌呤的数目分别是( ) A(4 000个和900个; B(4 000个和l 800个; C(8 000个和l 800个; D(8 000个和3 600个。 23(下列各图中，图形 分别代表磷酸、脱氧核糖和碱基，在制作脱氧核苷酸模型时，各部件之间需要连接。下列连接中正确的是( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 24(将单个的脱氧核苷酸连接成DNA分子的主要的酶是( ) A(DNA连接酶; B(DNA酶; C(DNA解旋酶; D(DNA聚合酶。 25(1条染色单体含有1个双链的DNA分子，那么，四分体时期中的l条染色体含有( ) A(4个双链的DNA分子; B(2个双链的DNA分子; C(2个单链的DNA分子; D(1个双链的DNA分子。 26(下列有关基因的叙述，不正确的是( ) A(可以准确地复制; B(能够存储遗传信息; C(是4种碱基对的随机排列;D(是有遗传效应的脱氧核苷酸序列。 27、基因是指( ) A(有遗传效应的脱氧核苷酸序列; B(脱氧核苷酸序列; (氨基酸序列; D(核苷酸序列。 C 28、在噬菌体侵染细菌的实验中，下列对噬菌体衣壳蛋白质合成的描述，正确的是( ) A(氨基酸原料和酶来自细菌; B(氨基酸原料和酶来自噬菌体; C(氨基酸原料来自细菌，酶来自噬菌体; D(氨基酸原料来自噬菌体，酶来自细菌。 29、决定氨基酸的密码子指( ) A(DNA上的3个相邻的碱基; B(tRNA上的3个相邻的碱基; C(mRNA上的3个相邻的碱基; D(基因上的3个相邻的碱基。 30、下面是关于基因、蛋白质和性状三者间关系的叙述，其中不正确的是( ) A(生物体的性状完全由基因控制; B(蛋白质的结构可以直接影响性状; C(基因控制性状是通过控制蛋白质的合成来实现的; D(蛋白质的功能可以影响性状。 31、已知一段双链DNA分子中，鸟嘌呤所占的比例为20,，由这段DNA转录出来的mRNA中，胞嘧啶的比例是( ) A(10,; B(20,; C(40,; D(无法确定。 32(一条多肽链中有500个氨基酸，则作为合成该多肽链的mRNA分子和用来转录mRNA的DNA分子至少有碱基多少个? ( ) A(1 500个和1 500个; B(500个和l 000个; C(1 000个和2 000个; D(1 500个和3 000个。 33(某转运RNA的反密码子为CAU，它所转运的氨基酸是( ) A(缬氨酸(GUA);B(组氨酸(cAU); C(酪氨酸(UAC); D(甲硫氨酸(AUG)。 34(DNA决定mRNA的序列是通过( ) A(mRNA的密码; B(DNA的自我复制; C(碱基互补配对; D(tRNA的转运。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 35、下列属于可遗传的变异的是( ) A(由于水肥充足，小麦出现穗多粒大的性状; B(紫外线照射使人患皮肤癌; C(在棕色猕猴的自然种群中出现了白色的猕猴; D(人由于晒太阳而使皮肤变黑。 36、同无性生殖相比，有性生殖产生的后代具有更大的变异性，其根本原因是( ) A(基因突变频率高; B(产生新的基因组合机会多; C(产生许多新的基因; D(更易受环境影响而发生变异。 37、下列有关基因重组的说法，不正确的是( ) A(基因重组是生物变异的根本来源; B(基因重组能够产生多种基因型; C(基因重组发生在有性生殖的过程中; D(非同源染色体上的非等位基因可以发生重组。 38、秋水仙索诱导多倍体形成的原因是( ) A(诱导染色体多次复制; B(抑制细胞有丝分裂时纺锤体的形成; C(促进染色体单体分开，形成染色体; D(促进细胞融合。 39、下列哪种情况能产生新的基因( ) A(基因的重新组合; B(基因突变; C(染色体数目的变异; D(基因分离。 40、杂交育种所依据的主要遗传学原理是( ) A(基因突变; B(基因自由组合; C(染色体交叉互换; D(染色体变异。 41、据你所知道杂交选育新品种之外，杂交的另一个结果是获得( ) A(纯种; B(杂种表现的优势; C(基因突变; D(染色体变异。 42、下列表述中哪一项不是拉马克的观点( ) A(生物的种类是随着时间的推移而变化的; B(生物的种类从古到今是一样的; C(环境的变化使生物出现新的性状，并且将这些性状传给后代; D(生物的某一器官发达与否取决于用与不用。 43、下列生物群体中属于种群的是( ) A(一个湖泊中的全部鱼; B(一个森林中的全部蛇; C(卧龙自然保护区中的全部大熊猫; D(一间屋中的全部蟑螂。 44、某一瓢虫种群中有黑色和红色两种体色的个体，这一性状由一对等位基因控制，黑色(B)对红色(b)为显性。如果基因型为BB的个体占18,，基因型为Bb的个体占78,，基因型为bb的个体占 4,。基因B和b的频率分别是( ) A(18,、82,; B(36,、64,; C(57,、43,; D(92,、8,。 45、一种果蝇的突变体在21?的气温下，生存能力 很差，但是，当气温上升到25(5?时，突变体 的生存能力大大提高。这说明( ) A(突变是不定向的; B(突变是随机发生的; C(突变的有害或有利取决于环境条件; D(环境条件的变化对突变体都是有害的。 46、地球上最早出现的生物是( ) A(单细胞生物，进行有氧呼吸; B(多细胞生物，进行有氧呼吸; C(单细胞生物，进行无氧呼吸; D(多细胞生物，进行无氧呼吸。 47、下列哪项对种群的基因频率没有影响? ( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application A(随机交配;B(基因突变; C(自然选择;D(染色体变异。 48、生态系统多样性形成的原因可以概括为( ) A(基因突变和重组; B(自然选择; C(共同进化; D(地理隔离。 二、判断题: 1、表现型相同的生物，基因型一定相同。( ) 2、D和D，D和d，d和d都是等位基因。 ( ) 3、兔的白毛与黑毛，狗的长毛与卷毛都是相对性状。( ) 4、隐性性状是指生物体不能表现出来的性状。( ) 5、纯合子的自交后代中不会发生性状分离，杂合子的自交后代中不会出现纯合子。( ) 6、在减数分裂过程中，染色体数目减半发生在减数第一次分裂。( ) 7、玉米体细胞中有10对染色体，经过减数分裂后，卵细胞中染色体数目为5对。( ) 8、每个原始生殖细胞经过减数分裂都形成4个成熟生殖细胞。( ) 9、人的精子中有23条染色体，那么人的神经细胞、初级精母细胞、卵细胞中分别有染色体46、 46、23条，染色单体0、46、23条。( ) 10、同一个生物体在不同时刻产生的精子或卵细胞，染色体数一般是相同的。( ) 11、同一个生物体在不同时刻产生的精子或卵 细胞，染色体组成一般是不同的。( ) 12、一个卵细胞一般只能同一个精子结合，形成受精卵。( ) 13(果蝇体细胞中有8条染色体，那么，控制果蝇性状的所有基因应该平均分布在这8条染色 上。( ) 14(位于同源染色体上相同位置的基因控制同一种性状。( ) 15(非等位基因都位于非同源染色体上。( ) 16(位于X或Y染色体上的所有基因，在遗传过程中总是连在一起传递，其相应的性状表现总会 与一定的性别相关联。( ) 17(位于性染色体上的基因，在遗传中不遵循孟德尔定律，但表现伴性遗传的特点。( ) 18、染色体是生物体的遗传物质，DNA也是生物体的遗传物质。( ) 19、真核生物细胞中的遗传物质都是DNA，病毒中的遗传物质都是RNA。( ) 20、遗传信息是指DNA中碱基的排列顺序。( ) 21、DNA和基因是同一概念。( ) 22、DNA是遗传物质，遗传物质是DNA。( ) 23、DNA复制遵循碱基互补配对原则，新合成的两条子链形成新的DNA双链。( ) 24、在细胞有丝分裂的中期，每条染色体是由两条染色单体组成的，所以DNA的复制也是在这个 时期完成的。( ) 25、基因是DNA分子携带的遗传信息。( ) 26、基因与性状之间是一一对应的关系。( ) 27、基因通过控制酶的合成来控制生物体的所有性状。( ) 28、中心法则总结了遗传信息在细胞内的传递规律。( ) 29、基因突变是广泛存在的，并且对生物自身大多是有害的。( ) 30、基因突变一定能够改变生物的表现型。( ) 31、基因重组可以产生新的性状。( ) 32、体细胞中含有两个染色体组的个体就是二倍体。( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 33、用秋水仙素处理单倍体植株后得到的一定是二倍体。( ) 34、先天性心脏病都是遗传病。( ) 35、单基因遗传病是由一个致病基因引起的遗传病。( ) 36、人类基因组测序是测定人的46条染色体中的一半，即23条染色体的碱基序列。( ) 37、由环境引起的变异是不能够遗传的。( ) 38、基因中脱氧核苷酸的种类、数量和排列顺序的改变就是基因突变。( ) 39、基因重组发生在受精作用的过程中。( ) 40、人工诱变所引起的基因突变或染色体的变异都是有利的。( ) 41、细胞中含有两个染色体组的个体称为二倍体。( ) 42、人类的大多数疾病与基因有关，也与生活方式和环境有关。( ) 43、将两匹奔跑速度快、耐力持久的种马交配，所生小马一定能继承“双亲”的特征，不仅跑得 快，而且耐力持久。( ) 44、选择育种是一种古老的育种，它的局限性在于进展缓慢，可选择的范围有限。( ) 45、人工诱变是创造动植物新品种和微生物新类型的重要方法，它突出的优点是可以提高突变率， 加速育种工作的进程。( ) 46、对于基因工程或分子生物学实验室向外排放转基因细菌等必须严加管制。( ) 47、发生在生物体内的基因突变，都属于可遗传的变异。( ) 48、两个种群间的生殖隔离一旦形成，这两个种群就属于两个物种。( ) 49、物种大都是经过长期的地理隔离，最后出现生殖隔离而形成的。( ) 50、一个物种的形成或绝灭，会影响到若干其他物种的进化。( ) 51、物种之间的共同进化都是通过物种之间的生存斗争实现的。( ) 52、生物多样性的形成也就是新的物种不断形成的过程。( ) 53、人的某一器官用得越多，就会越发达，反之就会退化;由于使用多少而产生的变异是可 以遗传的。( ) 54、生物受环境影响而产生的变异都是不能遗传的。( ) 55、在环境条件保持稳定的前提下，种群的基因频率不会发生变化。( ) 56、物种的形成必须经过种群之间的隔离。( ) 三、填空题: 1、观察羊的毛色遗传图解，据图回答问题。 (1)毛色的显性性状是____________，隐性性状是______________。 (2)白毛羊与白毛羊通过有性生殖产生的后代中出现了黑毛羊，这种现象在遗传学上称为_________。产生这种现象的原因是____________。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 2、豌豆子叶的黄色(Y)对绿色(y)为显性，圆粒种子(R)对皱粒种子(r)为显性。某人用黄色圆粒和绿色圆粒的豌豆进行杂交，发现后代出现4种类型，对性状的统计结果如图所示，据图回答问题: (1)亲本的基因组成是____________(黄色圆粒)，____________(绿色圆粒)。 (2)在F中，表现型不同于亲本的是____________、____________，它们之间的数量比为1 ____________。F中纯合子占的比例是____________。 1 (3)F中黄色圆粒豌豆的基因组成是____________。如果用F中的黄色圆粒豌豆与绿色皱粒豌豆杂11 交，得到的F的性状类型有 种，数量比为 。 2 3、识图作答 (1)若右上角图所示细胞正在进行细胞分裂，看图回答问题。 这个细胞正在进行哪种分裂?为什么? ? ?细胞中有几条染色体?几条染色单体? ?细胞中有几对同源染色体?哪几条染色体是非同源染色体? ?细胞中哪些染色体是姐妹染色单体? ?这个细胞在分裂完成后，子细胞中有几条染色体? ?画出这个细胞的分裂后期图。 (2)下图是某动物细胞分裂的一组图像，看图回答问题。 ?这个动物体细胞中染色体数目是____________条。 ?图中属于减数分裂的细胞是____________含有染色单体的细胞是____________。 4、人的白化病是常染色体遗传，正常(A)对白化(a)是显性。一对表现型正常的夫妇，生了一个既患白化病又患红绿色盲的男孩。 (1)这对夫妇的基因型是怎样的? (2)这对夫妇的后代中，是否会出现既不患白化病也不患红绿色盲的孩子?试写出这样的孩子的基 因型。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 5、下图是某家庭红绿色盲遗传图解。图中除深颜色代表的人为红绿色盲患者外，其他人的色觉都正常。据图回答问题。 (1)图中?代3号的基因型是____________，?代2号的可能基因型是____________。 (2)?代1号是红绿色盲基因携带者的可能性是____________。 6、下图是抗维生素D佝偻病家系图，据图回答问题。 (1)科学家已经确定这种病是显性基因控制的疾病，你能根据家系图找出依据吗? (2)如果图中?代的6号与正常女性结婚，要想避免后代出现患者，可以采取哪种优生措施? (3)?代的5号和6号是否携带致病基因?为什么? 7、下面是DNA分子的结构模式图，请用文字写出图中l-10的名称。 1(_________ 2(____________ 3(____________ 4(____________ 5(____________ 6(____________ 7. ____________ 8.____________ 9(____________ 10(____________ 8、在DNA分子中，由于组成脱氧核苷酸的碱基有4种(A、G、c、T)，因此，构成DNA分子的脱氧核苷酸也有4种，它们的名称是:____________，____________，____________和____________。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 9、从DNA分子的复制过程可以看出，DNA分子复制需要_____________________和____________等条件。DNA分子的____________结构能够为复制提供精确的，通过____________保证了复制能够正确地进行。 10、下图是DNA分子的局部组成示意图，请据图回答。 (1)(图中有_________种碱基，有_______个完整的脱氧核苷酸单位，有_________个游离磷 酸基。 (2)(从主链上看，两条单链方向___________;从碱基关系看，两条单链____________。 (3)(图中的?、?是_______________，?是____________，?、?是____________，?是____________。 11、如果DNA分子一条链的碱基排列顺序是„„ACGGATCTT„„，那么，与它互补的另一条DNA链的碱基顺序是____________________;如果以这条DNA链为模板，转录出的mRNA碱基顺序应该是____________________。在这段mRNA中包含了____________个密码子，需要____________个tRNA才能把所需要的氨基酸转运到核糖体上，这些氨基酸的种类依次是________________________。 12、根据蛋白质合成中遗传信息的传递过程，在表格的空白处填入相应的英文字母。 1 DNA双链 2 mRNA tRNA 氨基酸 丙氨酸(密码子为GCA) 13、右图代表两个核酸分子的一部分，请根据右图回答问题。 (1)DNA分子复制时，图中?处的变化是____________，条件 是需要_________________和_________________。 (2)以乙链为模板合成丙链，丙链上的碱基排列顺序自上而下应 是____________，这种遗传信息的传递叫____________。 (3)在甲、乙、丙三链中，共有密码子_______个。 (4)从图中所示过程分析，DNA是通过____________原则决定丙链 的碱基序列的。 14、填表比较豌豆、普通小麦、小黑麦的体细胞和配子中的染色 体数、染色体组数，并且注明它们分别属于几倍体生物。 比较项目 体细胞中的 配子中的 体细胞中的 配子中的 属于几倍体 生物种类 染色体数 染色体数 染色体组数 染色体组数 生物 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 豌豆 7 2 普通小麦 42 3 小黑麦 28 八倍体 15、根据果蝇染色体组成的示意图，填充下列空白。 (1)(该果蝇为____________性果蝇，判断的依据是____________。 (2)(细胞中有____对同源染色体，有____________个染色体组。 6016、Co是典型的r放射源，可用于作物诱变育种。我国运用这种方法培 育出了许多农作物新品种，如棉花高产品种“鲁棉l号”，在我国自己 培育的棉花品种中栽培面积最大。r射线处理作物后主要引起 ____________，从而产生可遗传的变异。除r射线外，用于诱变育种 的其他物理诱变因素还有____________、____________和 ____________。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 必修三 一、选择题: 1、人体的体液是指( ) A(细胞外液和消化液 B(细胞内液和血液 C(细胞内液和细胞外液 D(血浆、组织液、淋巴 2、下列选项中，与其他三个选项的含义都有很大差异的一项是( ) A(细胞外液B(细胞内液C(血浆、淋巴、组织液D(内环境 3、下列物质中，不属于人体内环境组成成分的是( ) A(钙离子B(呼吸酶C(葡萄糖D(血浆蛋白 ,、下列有关稳态的叙述中，正确的是( ) A(稳态是机体通过消化、呼吸、循环、排泄这四个系统的协调活动来维持的 B(稳态是机体在神经系统的调节下，通过各器官、系统的协调活动来共同维持的 C(在正常情况下，内环境的各项理化性质是保持不变的 D(在正常情况下，内环境的各项理化性质经常处于变动之中，但都保持在适宜的范围内 5、当内环境的稳态遭到破坏时，必浆引起( ) A(酶促反应速率的加快 B(渗透压下降 C(细胞代谢紊乱 D(糖尿病 6、关于内环境稳态调节机制的现代观点是( ) A(神经调节 B(体液调节 C(神经—体液调节 D(神经—体液—免疫调节 ,、下面不能构成人体内环境的是( ) A、淋巴 B、细胞外液 C、血浆 D、细胞内液 8、在下列物质中，属于人体内环境组成成分的是( ) ?血红蛋白?葡萄糖?二氧化碳?钠离子?血浆蛋白 A、??? B、??? C、??? D、???? 9、血浆中的水来自( ) A、组织液 B、组织液、消化道 C、淋巴、组织液 D、消化道、组织液、淋巴 10、如果支配左脚的传入神经及中枢完整，而传出神经受损，那么该左脚会( ) A、能运动，针刺有感觉 B、不能运动，针刺有感觉 C、能运动，针刺无感觉 D、不能运动，针刺无感觉 11、下列关于激素的阐述，不正确的选项是(多选)( ) A、激素是有机分子 B、激素是信息分子 C、激素直接参与细胞内多种生命活动 D、激素只运输给相应的靶器官、靶细胞。 12、 产生抗体的细胞是( ) A、吞噬细胞 B、靶细胞 C、T细胞 D、浆细胞 13、在特异性免疫中发挥作用的主要细胞是( ) A、红细胞B、吞噬细胞C、淋巴细胞D、血小板 14、在制备抗蛇毒毒素血清时，需将减毒的蛇毒注入家兔体内，引起免疫反应，这一免疫反应和 利用的蛇毒分别是( ) A、非特异性免疫，抗原 B、特异性免疫，抗体 C、非特异性免疫，抗体 D、特异性免疫，抗原 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 15、某人因为交通事故脊髓从胸部折断了，一般情况下( ) A(膝跳反射存在，针刺足部有感觉 B(膝跳反射不存在，针刺足部有感觉 C(膝跳反射不存在，针刺足部无感觉 D(膝跳反射存在，针刺足部无感觉 16、新生儿在出生后六个月内一般不易生某些传染病，这是因为( ) A(病原体不感染新生儿 B(新生儿的皮肤、黏膜有极强的杀菌力 C(新生儿体内免疫系统十分健全 D(在胎儿期从母体血液中就获得了抗体 17、扦插时，保留有芽和幼叶的插条比较容易生根成活，这主要是因为芽和幼叶能( ) A(迅速生长 B(进行光合作用 C(产生生长素 D(储存较多的有机物 18.在农业生产上，2，4-D可用于麦田除草，其原理是( ) A(高浓度时促进杂草衰老 B(高浓度时抑制杂草生长 C(低浓度时促进杂草生长 D(高浓度时促进小麦生长 19.下列化学物质中，不是植物激素的是( ) A(乙烯 B(吲哚乙酸 C(吲哚丁酸 D(2，4-D 20.下列关于植物激素的说法不正确的是( ) A(植物激素是一类化学物质 B(植物激素在植物体内含量很少 C(植物激素不直接参与细胞内的代谢活动 D(植物激素促进植物生长 21.生长素的生理作用特点是(多选)( ) A(只在低浓度时起作用 B(既能促进生长，也能抑制生长 C(既能疏花疏果，也能防止落花落果 D(既能促进发芽，也能抑制发芽 22.园林工人为使灌木围城的绿篱长得茂密、整齐，需要对绿篱定期修剪，其目的是( ) A(抑制侧芽生长 B(抑制其开花结果 C(抑制向光性 D(促进侧芽生长 23.用适宜浓度的生长素处理未授粉的番茄雌蕊柱头，可以得到无子番茄，这是果实细胞中的染色体数目为( ) A(与卵细胞染色体数目一样 B(与体细胞中染色体数目一样 C(比受精卵染色体数目多一倍 D(与受精极核染色体数目一样 24.森林中的鸟类有垂直分层现象。这种现象主要与下列哪一因素有关( ) A(光照强度 B(食物种类 C(湿度 D(温度 25.演替过程中灌木逐渐取代了草本植物，其主要原因是( ) A(灌木繁殖能力较强 B(草本植物寿命较短 C(草本植物较为低等 D(灌木较为高大，能获得更多的阳光 26.下列有关人类活动对群落演替影响的表述，哪一项是正确的( ) A(人类活动对群落的影响要远远超过其他所有自然因素的影响 B(人类活动对群落的影响往往是破坏性的 C(人类活动往往使群落按照不同于自然演替的方向和速度进行演替 D(人类活动可以任意对生物与环境的相互关系加以控制 27.下列叙述中符合种群密度概念的是( ) A(某地区灰仓鼠每年新增的个体数 B(一亩水稻的产量 C(每平方米草地中杂草的数量 D(某湖泊每平方米水面鲫鱼的数量 28.下列关于群落的叙述不正确的是( ) A(植物群落垂直分层现象与光照有关 B(动物群落垂直分层现象与植物有关 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application C(植物群落水平分层现象与地形有关 D(动物群落水平分布一般都是均匀的 29.食物网具有的特征是( ) A(每一种生物都被多种生物捕食 B(有很多互有联系的食物链 C(每一种动物可以吃多种植物 D(每一种生物都只位于一条食物链上 30.在生态系统中，以植食性动物为食的动物称为( ) A(第二营养级 B(三级消费者 C(次级消费者 D(初级消费者 31.调查得知某河流生态系统的营养结构共有4个营养级(以a、b、c、d表示)。经测定，一年中 流经这4个营养级的能量分别为 -2营养级 能量(J)m) 5141.10×10 a 515.91×10 b 50.88×10 c 5871.27×10 d 该生态系统中初级消费者是( ) A(a B(b C(c D(d 32.流经某一生态系统的总能量是( ) A(照射到该生态系统中的全部太阳能 B(该生态系统中所有生产者、消费者、分解者体内的能量 C(该生态系统中生产者体内的能量 D(该生态系统中所有生产者所固定的太阳能 33.在一定时间内，某生态系统中全部生产者固定的能量值为a ，全部消费者所获得的能量值为b， 全部分解者所获得的能量值为c ，则a、b、c之间的关系是( ) A(a=b+c B(a,b+c C(a,b+c D(c =a+b 34、在生态系统中，碳元素在无机环境和生物群落间循环的主要形式是( ) A二氧化碳 B碳酸盐 C碳酸 D碳水化合物 35、在生态系统中，将二氧化碳释放到大气中的过程是( ) A(光合作用 B呼吸作用 C蒸腾作用 D异化作用 36(下列哪一种方法能增加生态系统的抵抗力稳定性( ) A、减少该生态系统内捕食者和寄生生物的数量 B、增加该生态系统内各营养级生物的种类 C、使该生态系统内生产者和消费者在数量上保持平衡 D、减少该生态系统内各营养级生物的种类 37(与生态系统自我调节能力大小有关的主要因素是( ) A、生态系统的无机环境 B、生态系统的气候环境 C、生态系统的成分 D、生态系统的地理位置 38、2010年，我国人口总数要控制在( ) A、 13亿以内 B、16亿以内 C、13.3亿以内 D、13.6亿以内 39(在大量使用1-化肥、2-农药、3-普通洗衣粉、4-石油和、5-高含硫煤碳，这几种物质中，能促 使赤潮发生的是( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application A(1和2 B( 3和1 C(2和4 D(3和5 二、判断题: 1、体液是指细胞外液。( ) 2、体内细胞通过内环境可以与外界环境进行物质交换。( ) 3、内环境稳态是指内环境的成分和理化性质恒定不变。( ) 4、免疫系统既是机体的防御系统，也是维持稳态的调节系统。( ) 5、跳水运动员在很短的时间内作出复杂的动作，只是通过神经调节来完成的。( ) 6、神经系统的某些结构也能释放激素。( ) 7、吞噬细胞只在非特异性免疫中发挥作用。( ) 8、只要接触一次某种抗原，记忆细胞就能长期期记住该抗原的特征。( ) 9、机体自身的组织和细胞不可能成为抗原。( ) 10.如果时间允许，弃耕农田总能形成树林。( ) 11.在群落演替过程中，最先出现的动物是植食性动物。( ) 12.调查某片树林中一种鸟的种群密度，需要采用样方估算的方法。( ) 13.“S”型增长曲线一般表示种群数量停止增长。( ) 14.捕食关系对维持群落的稳定有重要作用。( ) 15.群落中植物的种类越多，动物的种群也一定越多。( ) 16.演替是原有物种的恢复。( ) 17(物质循环发生在生物群落与无机环境之间。( ) 18(能量流动和物质循环是两个相对独立的过程。( ) 19(温带针阔混交林比热带雨林的抵抗力稳定性低。( ) 20(同等强度干扰下，草原生态系统比沙漠生态系统恢复的速度慢。( ) 21(不同的生态系统，抵抗力稳定性和恢复力稳定性不同。( ) 22(生态系统中存在着物质循环和能量流动两个相对独立的过程。( ) 23(太阳能只有通过生产者才能输入到生态系统之中。( ) 24(植食性动物一定是初级消费者。( ) 25(在草昆虫青蛙蛇狐豹这条食物链中，豹是第五营养级。( ) 26(抵抗力稳定性高的生态系统，恢复力稳定性可能比较低。( ) 27.人口增长率决定于出生率。( ) 28(利用潮汐发电和提高能源利用效率，有利于解决全球气候变暖的问题。( ) 三、填空题: 1.饮酒过量的人表现为语无伦次、走路不稳、呼吸急促。在小脑、脑干和大脑三个结构中，与关生理功能相对应的结构分别是 2.人在饥饿时遇到寒冷刺激，会表现出面色苍白，全身颤抖。这说明体内血糖浓度 ，细胞产热不足以维持正常体温，所以通过 方式加速热量的产生，全身颤抖。另一方面通过 方式，减少热量散失，所以面色苍白。参与上述调节的组织和器官，在神经系统中有大脑皮层、 和垂体，内分泌腺有 、 和 等。 3.神经系统调节人体呼吸频率的中枢位于 。 4.器官移植难以成活，主要原因是外来器官对接受移植的人体来说是 。 5.某学生一参加打扫卫生活动，就会打喷嚏、流鼻涕，甚至喘不过气来，离开现场后症状就会消失。while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 该同学的表现叫做 反应;引起该反应的物质叫 ，引发该反应的物质可能是 。 6、下列各项，属于物理信息的是( );属于化学信息的是( );属于行为信息的是( ) (1)哺乳动物的体温 (2)鸟类鸣叫 (3)红外线 (4)萤火虫发光 (5)植物分泌的化学物质 (6)电磁波 (7)昆虫发出的声音 (8)昆虫的性信息素 (9)植物开花 (10)蓟的刺 (11)紫外线 (12)蜜蜂跳舞 7、地球上有许多类型的生态系统。以下是其中的一部分: ?森森生态系统 ?草原生态系统 ?荒漠生态系统 ?湖泊生态系统 ?苔原生态系统 ?农田生态系统 ?果园生态系统 ?海洋生态系统 ?池塘生态系统 ?湿地生态系统 ?人工林地生态系统 ?高山草甸生态系统。 上述各种类型的生态系统中， 自我调节能力最强的两个生态系统是( ) 人的作用突出的生态系统有( ) 陆地生态系统中抵抗力稳定性较强的是( )较弱的是( ) 水域生态系统在遭到较严重破坏后，恢复较的是( )恢复较慢的是( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application