铬是人体所需的微量元素之一

铬是人体所需的微量元素之一 糖尿病患者缺哪些元素食补该注意方向(组图) 据媒体报道，我国糖尿病患者人数以千万计。近年来，在治疗糖尿病的过程中，研究发现一些微量元素具有胰岛素般降糖效应，而胰岛素要发挥降糖作用也必须依赖某些微量元素，故糖尿病患者应有意补充这些微量元素达到治疗的效果。 补铬 铬是人体必需的微量元素，正常人体内只有5~10毫克的铬。它对人体许多生理功能的完成，特别是碳水化合物的代谢起着重要作用。研究表明，铬与尼克酸、谷胱甘肽一起组成葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)，它是胰岛素的辅助因子，可增加胰岛素的效能，促进机体利用葡萄糖，还可以影响氨基酸在体内的转运。可以说，铬是胰岛素的“加强剂”。 缺铬严重的地区，糖尿病发病率高。已有足够的证据表明，铬不足可引起人体糖耐量降低。而绝大部分糖尿病患者，是从糖耐量异常开始的。2型糖尿病(非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病)患者胰腺产生大量胰岛素，但血糖却还是得不到很好的控制。随着铬的补充，他们的糖耐量得到改善。因此，铬可用于2型糖尿病的辅助治疗。 含铬丰富的食物有:荞麦面、小麦、干酪、蛋类、蔗糖蜜、苹果皮、香蕉、牛肉、啤酒、面包、红糖、黄油、鸡、玉米、玉米粉、牡蛎、土豆、植物油、麦麸、胡萝卜等。 含铬高的食物胚芽米(铬含量是大米的10倍，日本已经普遍食用，我国正在开发)米糠、苹果皮、海产品、坚果、啤酒酵母、菌类、畜肝、肉、蛋、豆类、薯类、黑胡椒。 必须提及的是，食物含铬总量不能完全用来评定食物在铬营养中的作用。因为食物中只有可被乙醇提取的葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)铬才具有生物学活性。除水果、蔬菜与蛋黄乙醇提取物无此种生物学活性外，其它食物以啤酒酵母、黑胡椒、牛肉、面包、菌类和啤酒的活性最高。 补硒 日本国立健康营养所发现硒元素能明显促进细胞对糖的摄取，具有与胰岛素相同的调节糖代谢的生理活性。改善糖、脂肪等物质在血管壁上的沉积，降低血液黏稠度，减少动脉硬化及冠心病、高血压等血管并发症的发病率。 含硒丰富的食物有:芝麻、动物肝脏、大蒜、蘑菇、海米、鲜贝、淡菜、海参、鱿鱼、龙虾、海蜇、螃蟹、干贝、带鱼、松花蛋、黄鱼、豆油、猪腰、猪肉、羊肉等。其中动物的肾的含硒量是肝的4倍，而肝的含硒量又比肉类高4倍;瘦肉中以牛肉含硒最高。 补镁 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 镁元素是胰岛素的第二信使，缺镁会阻断胰岛素各种效应的发挥，干扰细胞代谢的正常进行。新近研究表明，糖尿病者伴发心、肾、视肉膜及神经病变合并症可能与缺镁有一定关系。血清镁水平与这些并发症发生率呈负相关。糖尿病患者缺镁是因为镁的严重丢失。据测定，糖尿病患者平均每日每千克体重丢失0.022毫摩的镁，在血清镁很低的情况下，糖尿病患者仍有大量镁从尿中排出。因此，第五届国际镁会议报道，补镁可改善糖耐量，减少胰岛素的用量。医学人员告诫患者在控制血糖的同时，应补充镁，这是降低糖尿病并发症和死亡率不容忽视的。 含镁丰富的食物有:海参、榛子、西瓜子、鲍鱼、小米、苋菜、茶、黄豆、咖啡、可可粉、紫菜、松子、绿豆、芸豆、口蘑、海带、豌豆、坚果、花生酱、莲子、黑米、荞麦等。动物性脂肪会抑制人体对镁的吸收，故补镁以少吃脂肪为宜。饮用硬水也可补镁。 补锌 据医学检测，糖尿病患者胰腺含锌量只及正常人之一半。补锌对改善糖尿病患者的病情有利，尤其当使用降糖药后患者血糖仍不降低时，补锌就显得至关重要。 锌参与胰岛素的合成与分泌，能稳定胰岛素的结构与功能。人体缺锌发现血胰岛素水平下降，经补锌后可增加机体对胰岛素的敏感性，对减轻或延缓糖尿病合并症的发生大有裨益。 含锌丰富的食物有:面筋、米花糖、芝麻糖、口蘑、羊肉、牡蛎、肝、小麦麸、蛋黄粉、南瓜子、西瓜子、干贝、茶、虾、花生酱、花生、猪肉、禽肉、扇贝等。龙虾、牡蛎每100克含锌量达10毫克之多;每100克蕨菜含锌18.11毫克。 补钙 正常人所患的骨质疏松症，对糖尿病患者会更严重。这是因为持续性的高血糖导致渗透性利尿，使大量的钙从尿中流失，进而引起血钙降低。当血钙持续降低时，甲状旁腺长期受缺钙的刺激，可发生继发性功能亢进，持续过量地分泌甲状旁腺素，导致破骨细胞活性增强，使骨组织中的钙游离进入血液，发生“钙迁徙”，出现骨质疏松。同时，游离的骨钙进入血液，易沉积在血管壁上，使血管失去弹性，发生动脉粥样硬化，导致骨供血不足，加重骨质疏松。因此，糖尿病人不但要加强体育锻炼，而且要注意增加钙的摄取。 含钙丰富的食物有:海参、芝麻酱、蚕豆、虾皮、干酪、牛奶、酸奶、燕麦片、豆制品、海米、花茶、酸枣、紫菜、红茶、绿茶、芹菜、鱼子酱、绿叶菜等。 锰与糖尿病 动物缺锰则造成胰腺发育不良，使胰腺β细胞被破坏，导致胰岛素的合成和分泌减少，降低对血液内葡萄糖的利用率。此外，缺锰对胰腺的外分泌功能也有影响。大鼠和豚鼠在围生期缺锰会引起严重的胰腺异常，胰腺的所有细胞成分不发育或发育不全。缺锰的豚鼠对葡enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 萄糖耐量试验的反应与糖尿病病型的葡萄糖耐量曲线相同。补充锰可以使这些动物的胰腺异常和葡萄糖耐量异常完全逆转。 含锰较多的食物粗粮、坚果、鲜豆、叶菜、茶叶 3.硒可治疗糖尿病日本国立健康营养研究所对小鼠实验证明，被认为不可缺少的几种微量元素，可以促使细胞摄取糖，它们具有与胰脏分泌胰岛素相同的作用。其中硒的作用最为显著。它能防止胰岛β细胞被氧化破坏，使胰腺正常运转，促进糖分代谢，降低尿糖和血糖，改善糖尿病症状。 含硒量多的食物虾皮、海米、芥末、红茶、扁豆、带鱼、腰果、南瓜子、松花蛋、鹌鹑蛋等。 减少铁的摄入 含哪些微量元较多的食物对糖尿病有利? 现代研究发现微量元素例如铬、镁、锌、硒等与糖尿病的发生、发展有关，微量元素在体内含量极少，低于体重的0(01,。铬是胰岛素的辅助因子，与胰岛素两者相互作用，使血糖变成能量贮存起来。当人体缺铬时，葡萄糖在血液中运转的速度减慢，使人体不能有效地利用葡萄糖。含铬丰富的食物有带皮的谷类、萝卜、鱼、虾、牛肉等，可适当选用有利于治疗。锌是胰岛素分子的组成成分，它参与蛋白质和核酸的合成。糖尿病患者蛋白质代谢紊乱，过多地消耗锌，故适当补充微量元素锌是必要的、有益的，含锌较多的食物有瘦肉、肝、蚝类及干果等。镁是人体合成卵磷脂的激活剂，当镁缺乏时，卵磷脂合成会减少，影响胆固醇的排出，易发生动脉粥样硬化，导致多种并发症的发生。大豆、蛋类、肉类等含有较多的镁故糖尿病患者补充含镁的食物有利于病情控制。微量元素硒已被用于美容护肤晶中，它具有清除游离基等有害物质，有抗癌，防衰老的作用，对防治糖尿病的血管及神经病变有帮助。含硒较多的食品有糙米、麦皮、瘦肉及某些富硒区的海产品，适宜糖尿病患者选用。 微量元素铬具有造血、减肥、调节血糖等功效，人体内严重缺乏时，有可能导致动脉硬化、高血压、糖尿病、心脏病等疾病的生成。但是它的食物来源很广泛，只要人们饮食合理就不会导致微量元素铬的缺乏。本章介绍了16个富含微量元素铬的食疗方，这些菜肴味道鲜美，营养丰富。有助于人们补充包括铬在内的多种微量营养素。铬是人体所需的微量元素之一，存在天然食物，如全谷类、黑胡椒、咖啡、茶、啤酒、菇菌类、肉类制品、啤酒酵母、黑糖...等所含丰富的铬，为带有三个正电的铬离子，进入人体内会与蛋白质分解后的胺基酸结合，然后在人体复杂的生理反应中，参与胰岛素的生化代谢作用;带有六价正电的铬则是有毒的重金属，是很强的致癌因子，与人体所需的铬是不相同的，经常出现在电镀工业的污染中。医学专家认为缺铬是引起糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的主要原因之一。 大量研究表明，通过补充三价铬，能改善人体对葡萄糖的利用，降低对外源性胰岛素的需求量，降低血糖，enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 降低血中的胆固醇和甘油三脂，对稳定糖尿病病人的血糖水平、改善疾病症状和促进康复等有明显的作用。 一般人每天摄入50-200微克的三价铬可满足需要，中老年人特别是糖尿病人对三价铬的需要量高于正常人。 人体对不同来源的三价铬吸收利用情况差异较大，对无机铬(如三氯化铬)吸收率仅为0.5-2%，对有机铬的吸收率较高，可达10-25%。由于人们从日常饮食中很难获得足够的三价有机铬铬来满足机体的生理需求，故而还需要另外补充。专家建议:糖尿病患者应多食用富含铬的食物，如麦芽、全麦、黑胡椒、南瓜、绿菜花、海藻、燕麦、粗粮等，但由于进食量少，通过食物获得机体所需的铬还是不足的。所以，最好摄入铬的营养补充剂。 1(水果沙拉 【组成】 香蕉、葡萄、柑橘、草莓、菠萝各50克 沙拉酱100克 【制作】 将香蕉、菠萝、柑桔去皮，草莓洗净去蒂，都切成块，葡萄去皮、去籽;把它们一同放入容器中，加入沙拉酱，搅拌均匀即可。 【功效】 美容减肥、健胃消食。 【适用】 对皮肤干燥、肥胖、食欲不振、消化不良、便秘、高血压等病症有防治作用。 【分析】 香蕉、葡萄、柑橘、草莓和菠萝都含有微量元素铬。它们都是常见的水果，深受人们喜爱，口味多种多样，还可榨成汁饮用，清凉解渴。此菜肴制作简单，清爽利口。 2(木瓜烧香菇 【组成】 木瓜300克 水发香菇100克 食盐2克 植物油50毫升 酱油5毫升 白糖10克 味精1克 淀粉10克 料酒15毫升 【制作】 将木瓜去皮，切成片;香菇洗净，也切成片;油七成热时放入木瓜略炸片刻，捞出，再倒入香菇翻炒几下，放入木瓜和调料，加适量清水，烧熟即可。 【功效】 通经活络、降压利湿。 【适用】 对胃炎、高血压、食欲不振、便秘、腰腿无力、湿痹等病症有防治作用。 【分析】 木瓜和香菇都含有微量元素铬。木瓜味酸、性温，有化湿止痛的功效。香菇营养丰富，具有止血、润肠、抗肿瘤等功效。此菜肴味道酸甜、开胃消食。 3(柑橘烧鸡 【组成】 柑橘100克 鸡肉350克 食盐、味精各1克 淀粉20克 橘子酒15毫升 鲜汤100毫升 【制作】 将鸡肉洗净切成块，用沸水汆一下，柑橘剥皮，掰成瓣;把鸡肉放入锅中，加适量清水烧沸，入调料，用淀粉勾芡，倒入柑橘和橘子酒，烧熟即可。 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 【功效】 健胃消食、益心强身。 【适用】 对心脑血管疾病、营养不良、身体虚弱、月经不调、慢性胃炎等病症有防治作用。 【分析】 橘子和鸡肉都含有微量元素铬。此外橘子还含有丰富的维生素C，能够预防出血症等疾病，其颜色鲜艳、味道酸甜，生津止渴。鸡肉营养丰富，补益效果极佳，适宜老人、身体虚弱、产妇等食用。此菜肴鲜美可口，增进食欲。 4(豆豉烧青鱼 【组成】 豆豉50克 青鱼450克 植物油30毫升 食盐、味精各1克 葱花、姜片各10克 酱油8毫升 【制作】 将青鱼清理干净，锅中倒入植物油，油六成热时，放入青鱼、豆豉和各种调料，加适量清水，炖熟即可。 【功效】 益气化湿、健胃补肝。 【适用】 对冠心病、动脉硬化、抵抗衰老、血淋、胸闷等病症有防治作用。 【分析】 青鱼含有微量元素铬、铁、蛋白质、磷、维生素B族等多种营养物质。其腹部为银白色，生活于水底，不仅味道鲜美，而且少受污染，健康营养。豆豉在这里是调味品，风味独特。此菜肴鲜香可口，增进食欲。 5(素炒甜菜 【组成】 甜菜500克 食盐2克 味精1克 白糖5克 植物油25毫升 葱花、蒜末各5克 淀粉8克 【制作】 将甜菜择洗干净，切成段;油热放入葱花、蒜末爆香，倒入甜菜翻炒，加入各种调料，至熟用淀粉勾芡即可。 【功效】 活血散瘀、清热解毒。 【适用】 对动脉硬化、高胆固醇症、淤血不散、新陈代谢失调等病症有防治作用。 【分析】 甜菜含有微量元素铬、碘、胡萝卜素、蛋白质、多种维生素等营养物质。其色泽艳丽，喜阴凉气候，我国各地均有种植，其中内蒙、东北更为普遍。外用可治痈肿伤痛等，涂抹汁液，有助于去除头皮屑。此菜肴清淡典雅，鲜美可口。 6(柠檬炖乳鸽 【组成】 鲜柠檬100克 乳鸽400克 植物油40毫升 白糖10克 味精1克 酱油5毫升 料酒10毫升 鲜汤100克 【制作】 将柠檬洗净切成片;乳鸽清理干净，涂抹酱油、料酒腌制5分钟左右;油热放入乳鸽、柠檬片、鲜汤和各种调料煮沸，再用温火炖熟即可。 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 【功效】 生津止渴、补肾益精。 【适用】 对消渴、肾虚、精亏、身体虚弱、气血不足等症状有防治作用。 【分析】 柠檬和乳鸽都含有微量元素铬。柠檬气味清香、口感酸甜，具有开胃消食、预防出血症等功效。乳鸽营养丰富，味道鲜嫩，能够调理气血，尤其是女性，常食用乳鸽，有益身体。此菜肴清香可口、肉嫩鲜美，可增进食欲，补充营养。 确定一个人的血脂应维持在怎样的水平，不仅要对照医院的，还应结合本人的健康状况。 血脂高，对年轻人而言，意味着存在动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝的可能;对中老年人来说，是心脑血管疾病最重要的危险因素。于是，许多人忙于降血脂，成年人节食减重，年轻人追求瘦身。当然，适当的降血脂、减重是十分必要的。但如果以为血脂降得愈低愈好，以致于血脂水平已经低到影响生命的正常生理过程，使得一些女青年出现了厌食和闭经，那就大错特错了。 血脂有其生理功能 血脂，是指人体内的中性脂肪(胆固醇和甘油三酯)和类脂(磷脂、糖脂、固醇、类固醇等)，它们是人体不可缺少的生理物质。例如甘油三酯，主要参与能量的产生和贮存，如果不能为人体提供能量或能量过低，好比汽车没有燃料无法行驶，人的健康、生命也将受到影响。又如胆固醇，它是合成肾上腺皮质激素、雄激素、雌激素等激素的原料，人体缺少不得。所有这些生理活性物质，在体内只有达到一定的水平，才能发挥其生理功用。超过生理范围，不论过高或过低，都对身体有害。 那么，成人血脂的正常范围应该是多少呢, 检测血脂，至少应包括四项:总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。血脂异常是指TC、TG、LDL-C超过正常上限或同时HDL-C低下。这四项数值对动脉粥样硬化发生发展的作用很不一样。严格地说，高脂血症主要是指TC增高或LDL-C增高，或者两者均增高。医学家对TC和LDL-C与冠心病关系的研究最多，结论也最肯定，即TC和LDL-C是四项血脂指标中最重要的两项，这两项数值愈高，冠心病的发病率和死亡率也愈高，反之亦然;采取降脂措施使TC和LDL-C下降，可明显降低患冠心病、心肌梗死、猝死和脑卒中的风险。至于成人血脂的正常范围，各个国家和地区的规定不尽相同，即使我国各地医院，由于采用的仪器和试剂不同，提供的正常对照值也不统一，所以最终判断应根据各地各医院的标准。下面提供的成人血脂的正常范围，仅供参考。 控制血脂的“三把尺子” 其实，确定一个人的血脂应维持在怎样的水平，不仅要对照医院的标准，还应结合本人的健康状况。个人的健康状况又要根据两个方面:一是有无冠心病或全身其他部位的动脉粥样硬化;二是有无冠心病危险因素存在，它又分为可变因素和不可变因素(见下表)。 如果enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 具有的危险因素愈多，发生冠心病和动脉粥样硬化的可能性就愈大。 结合上述两种情况和已患冠心病的人群，国内外专家拟定了在三种情况下血脂控制的尺度，我们把它们称作三把尺子。 1. 第一把尺子，用于既无冠心病和全身其他部位动脉粥样硬化，又不存在冠心病危险因素者(包括上述可变和不可变因素)，其血脂值应控制在:TC小于5.72毫摩/升，LDL-C小于3.64毫摩/升。 2. 第二把尺子，用于无冠心病史和动脉粥样硬化，但存在冠心病危险因素者，其TC应控制在小于5.2毫摩/升，LDL-C应小于3.12毫摩/升。 3. 第三把尺子，用于已患冠心病者，其TC应当小于4.68毫摩/升，LDL-C应小于2.6毫摩/升。 近年，美国医学界在大量研究的基础上，提出将糖尿病列为与冠心病同等危险的疾病，称为等危症或等危病变。因为糖尿病患者极易发生冠心病和全身动脉硬化，而且在引起糖尿病的死亡原因中，有70%,80%是动脉粥样硬化性血管病，包括冠心病、心肌梗死、猝死、脑卒中、下肢坏疽、肾功能衰竭等。因此，糖尿病患者的血脂指标应与冠心病患者等同，应当用第三把尺子。 至于TG和HDL-C的控制标准，由于研究还不深入，国内暂时统一为:TG小于1.7毫摩/升，HDL-C大于1.04毫摩/升。 读了上述介绍，你应该明白自己的血脂应控制在怎样的水平。 微量元素又称痕量元素，是人体每日必不可少的，对维持人体正常生理功能起重要作用。它们在人体内含量极少，低于体重的0(01,。其中微量元素镁、锌、铬对胰岛素的生物合成及体内能量代谢起重要作用，影响糖尿病的发生和发展。 一、铬 铬是胰岛素的辅助因子，又叫葡萄糖耐量因子。铬与胰岛素两者相互作用，使血糖变成能量贮存起来。人体如缺铬，葡萄糖在血液中运转的速度仅为正常的一半，使机体不能有效地利用葡萄糖，血糖浓度相对升高，导致糖尿病。人体中的铬主要是毒性较低的三价铬，成年人体内含铬总量仅为5,10毫克。在代谢过程中铬主要从泌尿道排出，为了补偿这种损失，一般靠饮水和从食物中摄取。其中含铬丰富的食物，如糙米、麦皮、玉米、萝卜、鱼、贝、虾、蛋、牛肉等，糖尿病患者可酌 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection 情选用，以促进康复。 二、镁 镁是人体合成卵磷脂的激活剂，卵磷脂能促进胆固醇的排出。人体一旦缺镁，卵磷脂合成会减少，成为动脉粥样硬化发生的隐患。糖尿病的一些并发症的发生和血清镁降低有关，如镁离子缺乏可促发眼和心脏的损伤，故糖尿病患者补充镁是有益的。含镁较多的食物有大豆、花生、蛋、肉类等。 三、锌 锌是组成人体内各种酶的成分，它与蛋白质和核酸代谢有关。锌缺乏时氨基酸合成蛋白质的速度减慢，氮利用率降低。患糖尿病时，蛋白质代谢紊乱，锌被过多地利用和消耗，故糖尿病患者应适当补充微量元素锌，以利于蛋白质的正常代谢。含锌丰富的食物主要为动物性食 enforced thermal insulation starts checking system, issued by the thermal insulation construction before you start to notice, transfer inspection of upper and lower operation and transfer of records. For outdoor operation, pipeline equipment to effectively carry out the insulation waterproof measures fail to install protective panels in part with three tarpaulin cover, to prevent insulation from moisture. Insulation seam Michael Jackson 5mm, joints, joints >100mm, insulation thickness tolerance (+10MM~ – 5mm), appropriate material elastic banding, spacing according to the design requirements, rigid insulation soft materials for construction joints tight; And large-diameter vertical pipe for high temperature pipeline in strict accordance with design drawings called for the establishment of expansion joints and holding bracket; Design requirements into a removable type of insulation, in strict accordance with specifications disconnect from the other insulation; Surface insulation boards in the technology of plastering construction of woven cloth to prevent pollution and protective panels flush with the surface interface, tight and clean. Site measurement of insulation boards for elbow shape cutting, ensure that each piece of lapped traffic, arc transition of natural, beautiful, screws up. Stampede outside construction personnel is strictly prohibited and shelve objects directly on the outer shield. In order to prevent the pollution-prone heater, channel area of secondary pollution of large-diameter pipes and other equipment, weaving cloth, and erection of the separation platform for preservation. Thermal insulation construction, on-hook tack welded to the consolidated line, to ensure evenly spaced, and the hook nailed down ... See next page flow chart management process. 7.2 General requirements for protective product protection