CET4历年真题及答案

CET4历年真题及 2009年6月大学英语四级真题试卷 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Free admission to museums 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么, 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法, Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said ―untrustworthy,‖ so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. ―It wasn‘t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,‖ Tiffany confesses. What she hadn‘t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate‘s ―different‖ behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. ―I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,‖ Tiffany says. ―I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.‖ Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make . ―During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.‖ Blinded by Gender Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . ―Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,‖ he recalls . ―I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .‖ In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender . ―I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .‖Dale‘s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce . limits an organization‘ 1 ―I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .‖ Dale credits the workshop , ―because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .‖ Year of the Know-It-All Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee. ―One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates . ―He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture . ―Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,‖ Doug admits . ―The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ?inclusive‘ to differences.‖ A better Bottom Line An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .‖Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn‘t until my boss received Mindsets‘ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .‖ Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity . When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to ) or contrary to our realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的 fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone . 1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate? A) He just wouldn‘t look her in the eye. B) He was slow in answering her questions. C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant. D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant . 2. Tiffany‘s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes. B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance 2 3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author? A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel. B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures. C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment. D) Expanding domestic and international markets. 4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC? A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization. B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company A) He had hired the wrong person. B) He could have done more for his company. C) He had not managed his workforce well. D) He must get rid of his gender bias. 6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC‘s workshop? A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted. B) It tapped into the executives‘ full potential. C) It helped him make fair decisions. D) It met participants‘ diverse needs. 7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee‘s request for leave? A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it down B) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it. 8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong. 9. After attending Mindsets‘ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of to their business. 10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit from the between us. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is difficult. English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in ) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students an 50 mansion(豪宅 who think they can‘t write, I know as a teacher to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future 3 novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄 辩), and command of Passage One The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . ―Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren‘t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you‘re doing and shat your customers are used to,‖ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型 的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable says Hahn. material . ―Mainstream is about to occur,‖ Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: ―Not that I‘m aware of.‖ Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she‘s on the hunt for ―cute stuff that isn‘t too expensive.‖ By her own admission, green just isn‘t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be. 57. What is said about FutureFashion? A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green. B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far. C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized. D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable. 58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is 4 A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials . B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials . C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials . D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available . . A) can attend various trade shows free . B) are readily recognized by the fashion world C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices . D) are gaining more and more support . 60. What is Natalie Hormilla‘s attitude toward ecofashion? A) She doesn‘t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value. B) She doesn‘t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea 61. What does the author think of green fashion? A) Green products will soon go mainstream. B) It has a very promising future. C) Consumers have the final say. D) It will appeal more to young people. Passage Two Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims . The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people‘s hair. ―You‘re what you eat and drink, and that‘s recorded in you hair,‖ said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months. Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems. ―It‘s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),‖ Cerling said . ―It‘s good for eliminating many possibilities.‖ Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. 5 When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. ―It‘s still a substantial area,‖ Park said ―But it narrows it way down for me.‖ 62. What is the scientists‘ new discovery? A) One‘s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink. B) A person‘s hair may reveal where they have lived. C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects. D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person. 63. What does the author mean by ―You‘re what you eat and drink‖ (Line 1, Para.3)? A) Food and drink affect one‘s personality development. B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals. C) Food and drink leave traces in one‘s body tissues. D) Food and drink are indispensable to one‘s existence. 64. What is said about the rainfall in America‘s West? A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah. B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland. C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas. D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward. 65. What did Cerling‘s team produce in their research? A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water. B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops. C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair. D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system. s research? 66. What is the practical value of Cerling‘ A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions. B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed. C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work. D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan‘s car-makers. He‘s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable and grains . ―It‘s not inconvenient at all ,‖ he says th century.‖ Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don‘t count the mini-car market . There have been But experts say Japan is in that sales have been decreasing steadily have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007. Alarmed by this state o 6 Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that wealth gap, demographic(人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很 难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了). (更有可能增加体重). 90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 67. A) profit C) income B) payment D) budget 68. A) mostly C) occasionally B) partially D) rarely 69. A) Therefore C) Otherwise B) Besides D) Consequently 70. A) drift C) current B) tide D) trend 71. A) remarkably C) specially B) essentially D )particularly 72. A) While C) When B) Because D) Since 73. A) surging C) slipping B) stretching D) shaking 74. A) unless C) as B) if D) after 75. A) lower C) broader B) slighter D) larger 76. A) liable to C) thanks to B) in terms of D) in view of 77. A) unique C) mysterious B) similar D) strange 78. A) over C) on B) against D) behind 2008年6 月大学英语四级及参考答案 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) 7 79. A) mess C) growth B) boom D) decay 80. A) proceeded C) launched B)relieved D) revised 81. A) quickening C) strengthening B) widening D) lengthening 82. A) average C) abundant B) massive D) general 83. A) labels C) vehicles B) cycles D) devices 84. A) or C) but B) until D) then 85. A) concludes C) reckons B) predicts D) prescribes 86. A) distant C) temporary B) likely D) immediate to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。 二.快速阅读 Media Selection for Advertisements After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home. Internet, and direct mail. Television Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication.But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it. Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance. is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Newspaper? After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 ) by 40% billion in ad revenue annually, ii m increased its national circulation (发行量 and is now available for home delivery in ion ciues. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer. more detailed message to their audience than they can through 48 hours,meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the massage out.Newspapers are ofen the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local reader. Radio Advertising on radio continues to grow Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and ihe Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeal their ads often. Internet companies are also turning 10 radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day.Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way 8 home, and in the evening hours. Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart. Magazines Newsweeklies, women‘s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market, magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous, if you read sports illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine‘s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members. Advertiser using the print media-magazines and newspapers-will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers, these second. Advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences. Out-of-home advertising Out-of-home advertising. Also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective, technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they. Can change their messages more quickly. Internet As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers Is to create ads that audience members remember. Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near ftuture. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well. Direct mail A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message Direct mail includes newsletters. postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers.For many businesses.direct mail is the most effective from of advertising. 1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that_____________. A) it has large audiences 9 B) it appeals to housewives C) it helps build up a company’s reputation D) it is affordable to most advertiser 2. With the increase in the number of TV channels_________. A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the nuiflber of TV viewers has increased C) advertisers’ interest in other media has decreased D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased 3.Compared with television, newspapers as an advertising medium_________________. A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailed messages C) use more production techniques D) get messages out more effectively 4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because ___________. A) more local radio stations have been set up B) modern technology makes it more entertaining C) it provides easy access to consumers D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio. 5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to___________. A) reach target audiences B) modern technology makes it more entertaining C) appeal to educated people. D) convey all kinds of messages 6.Oui-of-home advertising has become more effective because_______ A) billboards can be replaced within two hours B) consumers travel more now ever before C) such ads have been made much more attractive D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays 7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are___________. A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at C) easy to remember D) convenient to access 8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be_____________ 9.Direct mail is an effecitive develop_________________________ form of advertising for businesses to 10.This passage discusses how advertisers select________________for advertisements. :00,10:35) 三.听力部分(10 四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型 (10:35,11:25) Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly -47- to know my way 10 around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was -48- to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, -49- unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up-50- and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable-51-I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can‘t learn if you don‘t try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad-52-. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since. I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places. Without guides or even-53- bookings. Confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition –54- . but each time you try something. You learn. And as the learning plies up. The world opens to you.。‘Ive learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine river in a –55-. And I know I‘ll go to doing such things. It‘s not because I‘m braver or more daring than others. I‘m not. But I‘ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can-56-wonders. A.accomplish I.manufacture B.advanced J.moments C.balloon K.news D.claim L.reduced E.constantly M.regret F.declare N.scary G.interviews O.totally H.limited 阅读 Passage One Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050,the world ‘s population is projevted to grow from 6.4 billon to 9.1 billion ,a 42% increase.if energy use per person and technology remain te same,total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.But that’s too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need econmic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present。Poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards.With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more then double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freeom (limits on electricity usage,driving and travel)that might cut back global warming.Still,politicians want to show they’re "doing something"Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定 书).It alowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t.But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签 字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical codusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program miaght find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral proble when it’s teally an engineering one.The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. 57.What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue repuiring worldwide commitments. 11 C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bting it undet control. 58.According to the author’s understanding, what is A1 Gore’s view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unawre of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about. 59.Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ___. A) economic growth B) wasteful use of energy C) the widening gap between the rich and poor D) the rapid advances of science and technology 60.The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol,____. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming D) international cooperation has contributed to solving envoronmental problems 61.What is the message the author intends to convey? A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology. C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming. Passage Two Someday a siranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you’ve visited，Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phonebills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permisson? It might be a spous, a girlfreiend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no."When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losting it. A survery found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me."But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn donw supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist A lessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Socail Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)。But privacy does matter - at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. 12 Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it. 62. What does the author mean by saying "the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked" (Lines 3-4,Para.2)? A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. 63.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A) Friends should open their hearts to each other. B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends. D) There should be fewer disputes between friends. 64. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret" (Line5,para.3) A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs. D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities. 65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C) They rely most and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. 66.According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ___. A) people will make every effort to keep it. B) its importance is rarely understood C) is is something that can easily be lost D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed -67- extending man’s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions -68- from university to university, according to the views of the people in -69- and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do no -70- the staff or equipment to carry out the -71- research projects possible in larger institutions. -72- most experts agree that some research activity is -73- to keep the staff and their students in -74- with the lastest developments in their subjects.Most students attend a university mainly to -75- the knowledge needed for their chosen -76-. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the -77- one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women -78- judgment and wisdom as weel as knowledge.For this reason, they -79- studends to meet others with differing -80- and to read widely to -81- their understanding in many fields of study. -82- a secondary school course, a student should be interested enought in a subject to enjoy gainiing knowledge for its own -83-. He should be prepared to -84- sacrifices to study his chosen -85- in depth. He should have an ambition to make some -86- contribution to man’s knowledge. 13 67.A) at B) by C) to D) in 68.A) turns B) ranges C) moves D) varies 69.A) prospect B) place C) control D) favor 70.A) occupy B) possess C) involve D) spare 71.A) maximum B) medium C) virtual D) vast 72.A) But B) As C) While D) For 73.A) natural B) essential C) functional D) optional 74.A) coordination B) accordance C) touch D) grasp 75.A) acquire B) accept C) endure D) ensure 76.A) procession B) profession C) possession D) preference 77.A) typical B) true C) mere D) only 78.A) with B) under C) on D) through 79.A) prompt B) provoke C) encourage D) anticipate 80.A) histories B) expressions C) interests D) curiosities 81.A) broaden B) lengthen C) enforce D) specify 82.A) Amid B) Over C) After D) Upon 83.A) object B) effect C) course D) sake 84.A) take B) suffer C) make D) pay 85.A) field B) target C) scope D) goal 86.A) radical B) meaningful C) truthful D) initial Part VI Translation ( 5 minutes ) 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _________ .(能应用于新 技术的开发) 88. I can‘t boot my computer now. Something __________(一定出了毛病)with its operating system. 89. Leaving one‘s job, _____________ (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90. _________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill 2007年12月大学英语四级试题及参考答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) What electives to choose 1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3. 以你自己为例…… Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ) (15 minutes) Universities Branch Out As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. 14 In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students form around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity-and providing the financial resources to make it possible. Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu‘s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in china, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team. As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and 15 national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and –like immigrants throughout history-strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students. 1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become_________. A) more and more research-oriented B) in-service training organizations C) more popularized than ever before D) a powerful force for global integration 2. Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased__________. A) by 2.5 million B) by 800,000 C) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent D) at an annual rate of 8 percent 3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born? A) 10% B) 20% C)30% D)38% 4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers? A) They organize a series of seminars on world economy. B) They offer them various courses in international politics. C) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program. D)They give them chances for international study or internship. 5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities‘ globalization is __________. A) Yale‘s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects B) Yale‘ C) Yale‘s students exchange program with European institutions D) Yale‘s establishing branch campuses throughout the world 6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? A) It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. 16 B) It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company. C) It was intentionally created by Stanford University. D) It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up. 7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research? A) It has increased by 3 percent. B) It has been unsteady for years. C) It has been more than sufficient. D) It doubled between 1998 and 2003. 8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by ____. 9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will_____. 10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and ___. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25 minutes) Section A As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 . The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children‘s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace. The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children‘s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers‘ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the 56 school. A) acting B) assuming C) comprehensive D) cooperative E) entire F) especially G) forward H) images I) information J) offers K) projects L) respectively M) role N) technology O) victims Section B Passage One By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it‘s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven‘t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication 17 with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether. The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there‘s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course. Clearly, from the schools‘ perspective, there‘s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in severs and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don‘t come to campus, the more the schools saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there‘s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won‘t be paid any more, and might well be paid less. 57. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix? A) All its courses are offered online. B) Its online courses are of the best quality. C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus. D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree. 58. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by _________. A) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements B) the great diversity of students‘ academic backgrounds C) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction D) the casual relationship between students and professors 59. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________. A) earn their academic degrees with much less effort B) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expense C) select courses from various colleges and universities D) work on the required courses whenever and wherever 60. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students? A) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses. B) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak. C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction. 61. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________. A) building up their reputation B) cutting down on their expenses C) upgrading their teaching facilities D) providing convenience for students Passage Two In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year. 18 As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn‘t win the contest again? That‘s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface. A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, ―Don‘t you want to win again?‖ ―No,‖ she replied, ―I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.‖ I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall. I offered suggestions first grade was quickly ―guided‖ by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it. Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade. I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. While steeping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment , grow and find their own voices. 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities. B) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. C) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. D) A lot of distractions compete for children‘s time nowadays. 63. What did the author say about her own writing experience? A) She did not quire live up to her reputation as a writer. B) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. C) She was constantly under pressure of writing more. D) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. 64. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year‘s writing contest? A) She believed she possessed real talent for writing. B) She was sure of winning with her mother‘s help. C) She wanted to share her stories with readers. D) She had won a prize in the previous contest. 65. The author took great pains to refine her daughter‘s stories because___________. A) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance. B) she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much C) she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream of becoming a writer D) she was afraid Rebecca‘s imagination might run wild while writing 66.What‘s the author‘s advice for parents? A) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursuer. B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience. C) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in. D) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions. 19 Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined 67 a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalize and not tied 68 any particular circumstance. Moods should be 69 form emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious. 71 one sense, the effect of a s mood can be thought of in 72 the same way as can our reactions to the consumer‘ 73 of our friends---when our friends are happy and ― up‖, that tends to influence us positively, 74 when they are ―down‖, that can have a 75 impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction 77 with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a 79 manner than they would when not in such a state. 80 , mood states appear capable of 81 a consumer‘s memory. Moods appear to be 82 influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 84 of time spent in supermarkets or 85 to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers‘ moods which, in 86 , are capable of influencing consumers‘ reactions to products. 67. A) as B) about C) by D) with 68. A) over B) under C) to D) up 69. A) derived B) descended C) divided D) distinguished 70. A) related B) referred C) attached D) associated 71. A) On B) In C) Of D) By 72. A) thus B) much C) even D) still 73. A) signal B) gesture C) view D) behavior 74. A) for B) but C) unless D) provided 75. A) relative B) decisive C) negative D) sensitive 76. A) given B) granted C) fixed D) driven 77. A) resistant B) persistent C) insistent D) consistent 78. A) consumers B) businessmen C) serious D) manufacturers 79. A) casual B) critical C) serious D) favorable 80. A) However B) Otherwise C) Moreover D) Nevertheless 81. A) lifting B) enhancing C) raising D) cultivating 82. A) readily B) rarely C) cautiously D) currently 83. A) step B) speed C) band D) volume 84. A) extent B) amount C) scope D) range 85. A) facilities B) capacities C) reflections D) intentions 86. A) turn B) total C) detail D) depth Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. ________________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _________________ (我比以前更容 易累了). 论我要作出什么 89. I am going to pursue this course, ____________________(无 样的牺牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because __________(它更加方便和省时). 91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ____________________(是用他们能够借到多少衡量的)，not how much they can earn. 20 2006年12月23日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷 Part I Writing (30 minutes) topic of students selecting their lectures. 1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会 2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3. 我的看法 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Six Secrets of High-Energy People There‘s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. ―I just can‘t get started,‖ people say. But it‘s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body. What you‘re seeking is not physical energy. It‘s emotional energy. Yet, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit. And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child, I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can‘t simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work. 1. Do something new. Very little that‘s new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our s like a tire with a slow leak. You don‘t emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It‘ notice it at first, but eventually you‘ll get a flat. It‘s up to you to plug the leak—even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That‘s where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline—a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. Here‘s a challenge: If it‘s something you wouldn‘t ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you‘ve never eaten. Listen to music you‘d ordinarily tune out. You‘ll discover these small things add to your emotional energy. 2. Reclaim life’s meaning. 21 So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale. The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. ―I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something,‖ she says. ―But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.‖ Ivy‘s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning. 3. Put yourself in the fun zone. Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. ―I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,‖ she says. ―It‘s a challenge—and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.‖ We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly. 4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret. Everyone‘s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they can‘t merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present. 5. Make up your mind. Say you‘ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can‘t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don‘t look back. 6. Give to get. Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it. Start by asking everyone you meet, ―How are you?‖ as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don‘t smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you‘re sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you‘d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. 22 After all, if it‘s true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what‘s circulating around you is the good stuff? 1. The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to a shortage of fossil fuels. 2. People these days tend to lack physical energy. 3. Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to one‘s success in life. 4. The author believes emotional energy is inherited and genetically determined. 5. Even small changes people make in their lives can help increase their emotional energy. 6. Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to help poor children. 7. The real-estate broker the author knows is talented in home redecoration. 8. People holding on to sad memories of the past will find it difficult to ________. 9. When it comes to decision-making, one should make a quick choice without ________. 10. Emotional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, ________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section A The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. women—work—still need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of working woman may face a crushing ―poverty of time‖ and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. It‘s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars—the with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women 23 Passage One Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. ―My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,‖ He says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York‘s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant‘s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it‘s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren‘t available in stores, most diners don‘t notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. Regardless of how it‘s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. 57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage? A) It is a kind of iced water. B) It is just plain tap water. C) It is a kind of bottled water. D) It is a kind of mineral water. 58. By saying ―My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water‖ (Line 4 Para. 2), von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that ________. A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C) bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste 24 D) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 59. The ―fancier brands‖ (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to ________. A) tap water from the Thames River B) famous wines not sold in ordinary stores C) PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani D) expensive bottled water with impressive names 60. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water? A) Bottled water brings in huge profits. B) Competition from the wine industry is intense. C) Most diners find bottled water affordable. D) Bottled water satisfied diners‘ desire to fashionable. 61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular? A) It is much cheaper than wine. B) It is considered healthier. C) It appeals to more cultivated people. D) It is more widely promoted in the market. Passage Two As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely ―not ill‖ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body‘s special needs. Both types have simply been called ―well.‖ In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms ―well‖ and ―wellness‖ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body‘s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be ―well,‖ in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. ―Wellness‖ may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________. A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition 25 B) monitoring patients‘ body functions C) removing people‘s bad living habits D) ensuring people‘s psychological well-being 63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________. A) good health is more than not being ill B) drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful C) regular health checks are essential to keeping fit D) prevention is more difficult than cure 64. Traditionally, a person is considered ―well‖ if he ________. A) does not have any unhealthy living habits B) does not have any physical handicaps C) is able to handle his daily routines D) is free from any kind of disease 65. According to the author, the true meaning of ―wellness‖ is for people ________. A) to best satisfy their body‘s special needs B) to strive to maintain the best possible health C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure 66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? A) People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures. B) People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease. C) People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations. D) People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the hive (蜂群). But human language permits unicorn (独角兽) that have never 26 process. 67. A) apart B) off C) up D) down 68. A) so B) but C) or D) for 69. A) transfer B) transmit C) convey D) communicate 70. A) to B) from C) over D) on 71. A) only B) almost C) even D) just 72. A) stays B) situates C) hides D) lies 73. A) stuck B) strung C) rung D) consisted 74. A) rules B) scales C) laws D) standards 75. A) combines B) contains C) defines D) declares 76. A) what B) whether C) while D) if 77. A) prospect B) progress 27 C) process D) produce 78. A) aspects B) abstracts C) angles D) assumptions 79. A) anybody B) another C) other D) everybody 80. A) body B) gesture C) written D) spoken 81. A) growing B) fixing C) beginning D) building 82. A) put B) take C) draw D) figure 83. A) identify B) locate C) reveal D) discover 84. A) performance B) organization C) design D) layout 85. A) prescribe B) justify C) utter D) interpret 86. A) since B) after C) once D) until Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ________ (适应不同 文化中的生活). 88. Since my childhood I have found that ________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸 引力). 28 89. The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90. Some psychologists claim that people ________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91. The nation‘s population continues to rise ________ (以每年1200万人的速度). 2006年6月新大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案 partI Writing (30 minute) on the topic of students selecting their fectures. 1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题 On Students Selecting Lecturers 范文: On Students Choosing Lecturers Nowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be given this much power. There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer’s academic background, and the lecturer’s reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students. There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality. However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content. Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute) Highway A goverment study recommended a national highway systerm of33,920 miles,and congress passed the Federcal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict,centrakky controlled desert criterra. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To bulid its 44,000-mile web of highways,bridge.and tunnels hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic ,features of the country:mountains,steep grades,wetlands,rivers,desorts and plains.Variables included the slope of the land,the ability of the pavement to support the load.Innovative, designs of roadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country ,forever altering the face of American . Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and 29 Mr.bakerin Washington developed under the nation’s physical challenges,Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world,ang were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. Today .the interstate system links every major city in the U.S,and the U.S with Canada and Mexico,Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians,or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,ourves engineered for safe turns,and limited access,The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads) By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs,access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cutural progreams health care ,and other benefits.Above all,the interstate system provides individuals with what they enerish most:personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehiole. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes,it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels,restaurants,and shopping centres.It has allower the rwlocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads ,residential streets,expressways,and freeways built to support millions of vehicles,The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vison and leadership.The year construction began he said:"Together,the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States.Without them ,we would be a mere alliance of many sepaeate parts." 参考答案:1.Y N NG 2. Y N NG 3.Y NO NG 5. Y N NG 6.Y N NG 7.Y N NG 8.The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________ 9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________ 10.The interterstate systerm was renamed afterEisenhower in recognition_____________ 参考答案:08. personal freedom of mobility 参考答案:09. 75 percent 参考答案:10. his vision and leadership Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth) Section A EI NIno is name given to the masterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years.It starts in the PAacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean comperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C. The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased acrossAounth American ____50____floods to Peru.In the West pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and 30 Indonesia.So while some parts of the world perpare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and____51____. EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brough the most___52____weather in mordern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage.The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. A)estimate I)completely B)strength J)destructive C)deliberately K)starvation D)notify L)bringing E)tropical M)exhaustion F)phenomenonN)worth G)stable O)strike H)attraction 参考答案:47. P phenomenon 48. B strength 49. E tropical 50. L bringing 51. K starvation 52. J destructive 53. N worth 54. A estimate 55. O strike 56. I completely Section B Passage One Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes tp conveying the truth.The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.The fact that emails are antomatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you. APPears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca,Mew York,asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes,and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the numberof lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails,21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His resules to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some ecpected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that beacuse deception makes people unconfortable, the detachment(非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges becaue we are most peactised at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People apprar to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People are also more likey to lie in ral time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a rasponse, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)resonses to an unexpected demand, such as:"Do you like my dress?" Hankcock hopes his research will help companies work our the besr ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But ,given his result,work assessment where honesty is a priority,might be best done using email. 57.Hancock’s study focuses on ____________. A)the consequences of lying in various communcations media. B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas. C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. D)people ‘s honesty levels across a range of communications media. 58.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who belived that________________. 31 A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions. C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations. 59. According to the passage,why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy. C)They tend to be relaxeg when using those media. D)They are most practised at those forms of communication. 60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for premoting sales because____________. A)Salemen can talk directly to their cunstomers. B)Salemen may feel less restrained to exaggerate. C)Salemen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salemen may pass on instant messages effectively. 61. It can be inferren from the passage that_____________. A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications B)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees C)suitable media should be chosem for different communication perposes D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company. Passage Two In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood,who should be allowed to come worl and live here?In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemet more pressing. on December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland securty ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份 证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests.But those captured were anything but terrorists,most of them illegal immigrants from Central or Sounth American .Authorities said the undocumented worker’s illegal status made them open to blankmall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. Mayor Anderson said those feelings were judtified to a certain extent."We’re saying we want you to work in these places,we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are,and then when it’s convenient for us,or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security,especially after Sept.11,then you’er disposable There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,"Anderson said. If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America,probably indefinitely .Ana Castro,a ,amanager at a Ben & Jerry’sice cream shop at the airport.had been working 10 years with the same false Social Aecurity card when she was arrested in the December airport raid.Now she and her family are living under the threat of deporation(驱逐出境)。Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled.While she awaits the outcome ,the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s. 32 62.Accroding to the author ,the United States claims to be a nation____________. A)composed of people having different vaules B)encouraging individual pursuits C)sharing common interests D)founded on shared ideals 63.How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about "Operation Safe Travel" ? A)Guilty B)Offended C)Disappointed D)Discouraged 64.Undocumented workers became the target of"Operation Safe Travel" because__________. A)evidence was found that they were potential terrorists B)most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists C)terrorists might take advantage of their illgal status D) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport. 65.By saying"...we’re going to look the other way in terms of what pur laws are"(Line 2 ,Para.4),Mayor Aiderson means"________________". A)we will turn a blind eye to your illegal atatus B)we will examine the laws in a different way C)there are other ways of enforcing the law D) the existing laws must not be ignored 66.What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph? A)she will be deported sooner or later. B)She is allowed to stady permanently . C)Her case has been dropped D)Her fate remains uncertain. PartV Cloze (15 minutes) Do you wakr up every day feeling too tired ,or even upset?if so .then a new alarm clock could be just for you .The clock ,called Sleep Smart,measures your sleep cycle,and waits ___67___you to be in your lightest phase of sleep ____68___rousing you.Its makers say that should ____69____you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass ___70___a sequence of sleep states-light sleep,deep sleep and REM(raipd eye movement)sleep-that ____71___approximately every90 minutes .The point in that cycle at which you wake can ___72____how you feel later ,and may ____73____have a greater impact than hoew much or little you have slept,Being roused during a light phase____74____you are more likely to wake up energetic. SleepSmart____75____the distinct pattern of brain waves____76____dring each phacs of sleep, via a headband equipped ____77____electrodes(电极)and a microprocessor. This measurese the lelctrical activity of the weather’s brain, in much the ____78____way as some machines used for medical and reseach ____79____, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You ____80____the clock with the latest time at ____81____you want to be wakende, and it ____82____duly(适时地)wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The ____83____was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island____84____a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test." 33 ____85____sleep deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of ____86____to do about it," says Eric Shashoua, a recent cillege graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the stidents to develop their idea. 67.A)beside B)near C)for D) around 68.A)upon B)before C)towards D) till 69.A)ensure B)assure C)require D) request 70.A)through B)into C)about D) on 71.A)reveals B) reverses C)resumesD) repeats 72.A)effect B)affect C)reflect D) perfect 73.A)alteady B)every C)never D) even 74.A)means B)marks C)says D) dictates 75.A)removes B)relieves C)records D) recalls 76.A)proceeded B)produced C)proniunced D)progressed 77.A)by B)of C)with D)over 78.A)familiar B) similar C)tdentical D) same 79.A) findings B) prospects C)prpposals D)proposes 80.A) prompt B)program C)plug D) plan 81.A)where B)this C)which D) that 82.A)then B)also C)almost D) yet 83.A)claim B)conclusion C)concept D)explanation 84.A)once B)after C)since D) while 85.A)Besides B)Despite C)To D) As 86.A)what B)how C)whether D) when part VI Translation 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________________(找到 去历史博物馆的路). 参考答案:finding the way to the history museum 88. ______________________(为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 参考答案:In order to support my university studies (to finance my education) 89. The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 参考答案:we hand in our research report(s) 90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂). 参考答案:the more confused I am 91. Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了). 参考答案:he was fired by the company 34 2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一 Part I Writing (30 minutes) City Problems. 1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的 大问题有……3. 我对这种现象的想法 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Blue is the world’s favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority. Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world. Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger. The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥 的)unless 53 with warmer colors. )and 54 Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space. [A] represented [I] activity [B] engage [J] zones [C] refreshing [K] foolish [D] surround [L] line [E] curved [M] acquires [F] dominant [N] associated [G]lower [O] rash [H] balanced Section B Passage One Most shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting". But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods. As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court. Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment. When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable. It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in 35 the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag. "As she turned to go," Chadwick recalled, "she suddenly looked up at the ‘sputnik’ and stopped. She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her." "For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store." 57. January is a good month for shoplifters because ________. [A] they don’t need to wait for staff to serve them [B] they don’t need any previous experience as thieves [C] there are so many people in the store [D] January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them 58. The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended ________. [A] to watch the most desirable goods [C] to frighten shoplifters by their appearance [B] to make films that can be used as evidence [D] to be used as evidence against shoplifters 59. The case last October was important because ________ . [A] the store got the dresses back [B] the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters [C] other shops found out about the equipment [D] the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court 60. The woman stealing perfume ________. [A] guessed what the sputniks were for [C] could see the camera filming her [B] was frightened by its shape [D] knew that the detective had seen her 61. The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she ________. [A] was sorry for what she had done [B] was afraid she would be arrested [C]decided she didn’t want what she had picked up [D] wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything Passage Two The largest shark known to us, Megalodon, is extinct. Or is it? Carcharodon Megalodon, commonly known as Megalodon, is believed to have lived between 1 million and 5 million years ago and thought to have been 52 feet long. It is (or was) a shark that had a jaw 7 or more feet wide. Fairly recently, there has been some speculation about whether it is extinct or just out of reach. But few people believe that Megalodon has found a home deep in the ocean. There are many known "Living Fossils": Coelacanth, Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins, Lobsters, Sea Stars. The common ones like lobsters and sea urchins are not really looked on as anything amazing. They’ve been around for thousands of years or more, and are easily accessible to us. What if they weren’t accessible and yet still existed? We would label them extinct. The discovery of a live Coelacanth, a fish long believed extinct, challenged some scientists’ long-held beliefs on extinction. There have been recent discoveries of incredibly large squid, and deep-sea fish never before seen by scientists. In the 1960s the U.S. Navy set up underwater microphones around the world to track Soviet submarines. The network, known as the Sound Surveillance System, still lies deep below the ocean’s surface in a layer of water known as the "deep sound channel". The temperature and 36 pressure of the channel allow sound waves to travel undisturbed. NOAA’s Acoustic Monitoring Project has been using the Sound Surveillance System to listen for changes in ocean structure like ocean currents or volcanic activity. Most of the sounds recorded are common and of no concern. One sound, identified in 1977 by U.S. Navy "spy" sensors, was odd. It was obviously a marine animal but the call was more powerful than any of the calls made by any other reported sea creature. It was too big for a whale. Could it be a deep-sea monster? One possibility was a giant squid, but no one is sure. It was named "Bloop". Could it be Megalodon? If Megalodon is still alive down in the bottom of the ocean, we may some day soon discover it. Then what? Deep sea diving will never be the same, that’s for sure! 62. The following is commonly known EXCEPT ________. [A] Megalodon, the largest shark, is extinct [B] Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach [C] Megalodon was 52 feet long and had a jaw 7 or more feet wide [D] Megalodon lived between several million years ago. 63. What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is extinct? [A] The discovery of many "Living Fossils". [C] The discovery of a live Coelacanth. [B] The discovery of the fossils of lobsters. [D] The discovery of the fossils of sea urchins. 64. What was special in their recorded sounds? [A] To listen for changes in ocean structure. [B] To listen for changes of ocean currents or volcanic activity. [C] To Make sure whether there was a giant squid deep in the ocean. [D] To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water. 65. What was special in their recorded sounds? [A] A strange, powerful animal sound was heard. [C] A sea monster’s sound was heard. [B] A big whale’s sound was heard. [D] A giant squid’s sound was heard. 66. What can be concluded from the passage? [A] Scientists’ discoveries always change people’s belief. [B] There are too many secrets to be discovered. [C] Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean. [D] "Deep sound channel" allows sound waves to travel undisturbed Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation. Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70 . Most Americans are able to 71 cars. The average price of a 72 made car was, 500 in 1950, 740 in 1960 and up 73 750 in 1975. During this period American ear manufacturers set about 74 their products and work efficiency. Meanwhile, the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars. For this reason, 77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a family’s total earnings today. In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average family’s 80 to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car 81 8.3 of a family’s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 82 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years. 37 The 84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 85 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item. 67. [A] kinds [B] means [C] mean [D] types 68. [A] denied [B] reproduced [C] replaced [D] ridiculed 69. [A] hardly [B] nearly [C] certainly [D] somehow 70. [A] trip [B] works [C] business [D] travel 71. [A] buy [B] sell [C] race [D] see 72. [A] quickly [B] regularly [C] rapidly [D] recently 73. [A] on [B] to [C] in [D] about 74. [A] raising [B] making [C] reducing [D] improving 75. [A] unusual [B] interested [C] average [D] big 76. [A] slowest [B] equal [C] faster [D] less 77. [A] bringing [B] obtaining [C] having [D] purchasing 78. [A] part [B] half [C] number [D] side 79. [A] clearly [B] proportionally [C] obviously [D] suddenly 80. [A] income [B] work [C] plants [D] debts 81. [A] used [B] spent [C] cost [D] needed 82. [A] months [B] dollar [C] family [D] year 83. [A] famous [B] quick [C] superior [D] inferior 84. [A] running [B] notice [C] influence [D] discussion 85. [A] then [B] so [C] as [D] which 86. [A] starting [B] leaving [C] keeping [D] repairing Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. The chairman requested ________________________(所有书面资料都要储存 在电脑硬盘上). 88. ________________________ (如果我是你)，I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager. 89. Do you mind ________________________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)? our subjects should 90. ________________________(考虑到各种各样的因素)， be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum. Professor Smith went straightly to 91. ________________________(理完发之后)， the laboratory to proceed with his experiments. 2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二 Part I Writing (30 minutes) WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? 1. 年轻人越来越趋向于打电话 2. 信件是否会被电话取缔3. 我的观点 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Passage One Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage. Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and 38 without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them. Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity. To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life. Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty." The Salvation Army’s Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack of communication is often the biggest motive. "The things that disturb a man’s personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way they’ve been treated." 52. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle ________ . [A] could not forgive him for taking the children [C] could not understand why [B] had been expecting it to happen for some time [D] blamed herself for what had happened 53. Most people who leave their families behind them ________. [A] do so without warning [C] come back immediately [B] do so because of their debts [D] change their names 54. The man or woman left behind usually ________. [A] admits responsibility for the situation [B] wishes the person who has left were dead [C] feels embarrassed and useless [D] will have no legal marriage life for seven years 55. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as ________. [A] an act of despair [C] the result of a sudden decision [B] an act of selfishness [D] the result of the enormous sense of guilt 56. The Salvation Army believes that _________. [A] most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wives [B] men’s reasons are more understandable than women’s [C] some women never give their men another chance [D] women are often afraid to start marriage again Passage Two The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes 39 and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹)in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion. It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she’s all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It’s not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English. 57. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ________. [A] they are geographically isolated from the European continent [B] they have nothing to do with the other Europeans [C] they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances [D] they tend to be reserved by nature 58. The word "inhibited" (Line 2, Para. 2) in this passage probably means ________ . [A] unable to have good manners [C] able to act properly [B] unable to express and relax freely [D] able to talk freely 59. According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to ________ . [A] inquire about the code of behavior in the train [C] shake hands with the person he knows [B] shake hands with all the passengers [D] behave like an Englishman 60. The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that ________. [A] the English are modest in most circumstances [B] the English feel no less than any other nationality [C] the English tend to display less emotion than they feel [D] the English don’t take a strong interest in making comment 61. What does the passage mainly discuss? [A] The differences between the English and the other Europeans. [B] The different character of the Englishman and its reason. [C] The reasons for English people’s shyness. [D] The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe Part V Cloze (15 minutes) To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to 62 the attention and interest of your students: you must be a 63 speaker, with a good, strong, 64 voice which is fully under your control: and you must be able to 65 what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. 66 a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still 67 his class: he 40 stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his 68 , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will 69 the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 70 according to what he is 71 about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t 72 that he will indeed be able to act 73 on the stage, for there are very important 74 between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart’ he has to repeat exactly the 75 words each time he plays a certain part; 76 his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 77 beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 78 on the stage. A good teacher 79 in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his 80 : they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don’t understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 81 it as he goes along. 62. [A] pay [B] hold [C] give [D] know 63. [A] clear [B] slow [C] quick [D] loud 64. [A] frightening [B] exciting [C] fearing [D] pleasing 65. [A] act [B] talk [C] say [D] repeat 66. [A] Listen [B] Watch [C] Look [D] Observe 67. [A] for [B] behind [C] before [D] with 68. [A] tongue [B] words [C] sound [D] arms 69. [A] hear [B] see [C] think [D] guess 70. [A] making [B] changing [C] expressing [D] giving 71. [A] talking [B] thinking [C] hearing [D] saying 72. [A] tell [B] express [C] show [D] mean 73. [A] good [B] badly [C] well [D] actively 74. [A] things [B] differences [C] points [D] jobs 75. [A] different [B] same [C] above [D] following 76. [A] just [B] never [C] ever [D] even 77. [A] read [B] known [C] fixed [D] written 78. [A] natural [B] real [C] false [D] clear 79. [A] is [B] has [C] works [D] teaches 80. [A] group [B] party [C] class [D] play 81. [A] invent [B] discover [C] teach [D] continue Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 82. We offer a range of beverage, ________________________(从矿泉水到酒精 饮料都有). 83. There is a drinks reception on in Boston ________________________(为欢迎 所有与会者). 84. If you eat cookies or other fattening snacks between meals, ________________________(你会变胖的)! 85. Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break, ________________________(但成功却很少如此神秘). 86. Any kind of exercise will do well to the heart, ________________________ (只 要它能加速心跳). 41