动词-ing形式的用法

动词-ing形式的用法 V-ing形式的用法 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语 【拨】 一、动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为。例如: The news that our school won the game was exciting. 注意:动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区 别:进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。试比较: Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。(当前正在进行的动作 )Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music . 迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的 情况) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语有两种用法，即: 1. 表示所修饰名词的用途或功能，意为“供„„用的”。 例如: a reading room, a swimming pool, a singing competition, drinking water等。 2. 表示主动和正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。 例如:falling leaves (=leaves that are falling), the rising sun (=the sun that is rising)。单个的动词-ing形式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，而短语则一般被放在所修饰的名词之后。 例如:exciting news, the students talking about the probl em。三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足 语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。常用的跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有: 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有 see, watch, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch等。例如:I could feel my heart beati ng wildly.2. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。例如: They had the light burning all night . 【巩固练习】 I. 单项填空。 1. When she got home, she found her little son ________ on the ground, crying. A. lies B. lay C. lying D. layin g2. The patient ________ by the doctor is Li Ming’s mothe r.A. to examine B. examining C. is examined D. being exami ned 3. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of natur e. A. to smell B. smell ing C. smelt D. to be smelt 4. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. being burnt B. burnt C. burning D. to be burnt 5. We were deeply _______ by the old man’s _______ story .A. moved; moving B. moving; movin g C. moving; moved D. moved; moved 6. My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ________ him. A. calling B. calle d C. being called D. to call 8. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the proje ct.— Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filli ng C. to fill D. being fille d II. 根据括号里的提示完成句子。 1. What he said was _________________________(令人困惑的 ).2. I’ll fire you if ________________________ (我再发现你抽烟) in the workshop. 3. I saw a note on my desk _________________ (上面写的是我女儿下午要来看我). 4. What children like most is __________________ (在班里受到 表扬). Key: I. 1–4 CDBC 5–8 ADAB II. 1. puzzling 2. I find you smoking again 3. saying that my daughter would come to see me this after noon 4. being praised in the class 动词-ing形式作主语和宾 语 【知识点拨】 一、动词-ing形式作主语 ? 动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。例如:Listening to music is my sister’s hobby .? 动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构: 1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing 2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of „ etc. + v-ing 例如: It is no use crying over spilt milk. 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 ? 动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。 1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。 2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语: be / get used to, look forward to, devote„to, pay attention to, object to等。 3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别: ? like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式;如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me? ? 下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同: forget doing 忘记已做过某事; forget to do 忘记要做某 事remember doing 记得做过某事; remember to do 记住要做某 事mean doing 意思是，意味着; mean to do 打算做 regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do 遗憾要做某 事can’t help doing 禁不住做; can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做 。? 在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: We don’t allow smoking in the class room. We don’t allow students to smoke . ? 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如: Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washe d.三、动词-ing的复合结构 动词-ing的复合结构即:物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如: Lucy’s turning up surprised everyone prese nt. Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone ? 四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 两种时态，一般式的被动语态是being done，完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如: I’m sorry for not having told you the news earli er. 【巩固练习】 单项填空。 1. The suggestion they all objected to ________ very effective final ly.A. proved B. proving C. prove D. to prove 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Havin g 3. — What made you so happy ? — ________ the first prize . A. Get B. Getting C. Got D. To get 4. I really appreciate ________ a great effort to help me out of the trouble. A. you to take B. your to take C. your taking D. your being taken 5. I still remember ________ to see films in the open air when I was small .A. to take B. takin g C. being taken D. to be taken 6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________. A. need repairing B. needs to repai rC. needs repairing D. need to repai r7. — You did very well at the meeting, Black . — Well, I regret ________ that to the boss. A. say B. to say C. said D. having said 8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and ________ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to intro duceC. introducing D. intro duced Key: 1–4 ADBC 5–8 CADC 动词-ing形式作状语 【知识点拨】 ? 动词-ing形式在句中作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。例如: Having finished his homework, he began to play computer games .(=After he had finished his homework, „) ? 动词-ing形式在句中作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。例如: Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese fluen tly.(=Because he has lived in China for many years ,„) ? 动词-ing形式在句中作结果状语，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。动词-ing形式作结果状语表示一种必然的结果。例如: He was ill, missing a few days’ class es. (=He was ill and as a result, he missed a few days’ class es.)? 动词-ing形式在句中作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如: Studying hard, you will pass the college entrance exami nation.(=If you study hard, you will pass the college entrance examinatio n.)? 动词-ing形式在句中作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。例如: Getting up early, he came late to schoo l. (=Though he got up early, „) ? 动词-ing形式在句中作方式、伴随状语。动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，通常放在句尾。例如: The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happi ly.【补充说明】 ? 动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 例如: Li Ming sat under the tree, chatting with his frien ds.(chatting的动作执行者是Li Ming) 但是，某些动词-ing形式所构成的短语如 generally speaking, judging from / by„, supposing„作状语时，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定搭配。例如: Supposing you have one million dollars, what would you do? ? 在动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词，如when, while, if，though，unless等，用来强调动词-ing形式与谓语的动作同时发生，或使动词-ing形式作状语所表达的意思更加明确。例如: When walking along the street, he met his old friend, Jane. 【巩固练习】 单项填空。 1. Realizing I would be late, I quickly got up and, ______ my school bag, went to schoo l. A. carried B. carry ing C. to carry D. having carri ed 2. ______ the passage a second time, the main idea will become clearer to you. A. When you read B. Your having read C. While reading D. If readi ng 3. ______ it rains tomorrow, can we play the match indoo rs?A. We suppose B. Suppo sed C. To suppose D. Supposing 4. ______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walke d 5. ______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to reali ze C. Not realizing D. Not to have reali zed6. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 7. ______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email inste ad.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having faile d8. ______ around the Water Cube, we were thentaken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games . A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 9. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 10. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. movin g C. to move D. being moved Key: 1–5 BADBC 6–10 ADCBB