英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /U:/
短元音 / ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/
双元音 /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
半元音 / j/ / w/
辅音(28个)
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/
轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/
浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
边音 / ǀ/
一、元音
前元音:[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel breeze deep free
seat beat lead tea eat reason
grief believe achieve
receive conceive
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick wish
音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]
seat sit
beat bit
sheep ship
[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词:pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven
marry any many
音标对比: [ i ] [ e ]
sit set
lift left
did dead
[æ]
发音组合: a
代表单词: cap map bad mad bank thank lamp
音标对比: [e] [æ]
beg bag
met mat
bed bad
中元音:[ə:] [ə]
[ə: ]
发音组合:or ir er ur ear
代表单词:work worker worm
bird dirt affirm
term
burn surf
pearl learn
[ə ]
发音组合:a er or
代表单词:appear arise again alike a man a pen
teacher mother brother driver anger
doctor actor tutor famous jealous
后元音: [a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]
[a:]
发音组合:ar ear al
代表单词:
far dark hart farm garden bar star
heart
half
[ʌ]
发音组合:u o
代表单词:
up cut but bus luck butter
monk onion
[u:]
发音组合:oo o ou u
代表单词:
food fool boom cool hoop pool shoot tomb group blue clue rule truth conclude
[u]
发音组合:oo u ou
代表单词:foot good cook hook took
pull full bull
should
[ɔ:]
发音组合:a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词:talk ball hall call door floor law saw bought fought thought tought before ignore
caught naughty nautical force warn
[ɔ]
发音组合:o
代表单词:ox on not cop rot hot lot
合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]
[ai]
发音组合:y i uy
代表单词:cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time
buy guy
音标对比:[ æ ] [ai]
bat bite
back bike
dam climb
lamp line
[ɔɪ]
发音组合:oy oi
代表单词:toy boy loyal
noise voice point soil coin oil
音标对比:[ɔɪ ] [ɔ]
boy boss
toy top
spoil stop
[au]
发音组合:ou ow
代表单词:house sound out noun
bow town now tower
音标对比:[au] [ai]
now night
cow kite
sound side
[əu]
发音组合:o ow oa
代表单词:host nose tone hole note coke cope bowl know low own
boat coat
音标对比:[au] [əu]
how hole
loud load
集中双元音为:[iə] [ɛə] [uə]
[iə]
发音组合:eer ear ere
代表单词:beer hear here
音标对比:[iə] [il]
here hill
fear feel
[ɛə]
发音组合:air ear are ere
代表单词:hair fair air chair
bear dare there
音标对比:[ɛə] [aiə]
hair hire
fare fire
[uə]
发音组合:oor ure our
代表单词:poor
lure sure
tour
音标对比:[uə] [əu]
poor post
sure sold
lure load
二、辅音
爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ]
发音组合:p
代表单词:pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend
[ b ]
发音组合:b
代表单词:bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book
[ t ]
发音组合:t
代表单词:tea teacher team tare tank taught tip it meet cat thought fate tent boat student stand stick
[ d ]
发音组合:d
代表单词:do did does deer date dig doom need bed climbed
[ k ]
发音组合:c k ck
代表单词:cake car can cat come
kite sky keep
pick back
[ g ]
发音组合:g
代表单词:geese go gap get
big bag beg
摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [3] [ s ] [ z ] [ h ] [ r ]
[ f ]
发音组合:f ph
代表单词:five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm telephone phonetics photo
[ v ]
发音组合:v
代表单词:vote vine vat vail very vase leave five
[θ]
发音组合:th
代表单词:think teeth thick theme thank thought both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath
[ð]
发音组合:th
代表单词:this that these those then than though
[ʃ]
发音组合:sh s ss ch
代表单词:ship fish sheet sheep dish
sure ensure assure machine
[3]
发音组合:s
代表单词:pleasure usual leisure measure
[ s ]
发音组合:s c
代表单词:seem set seek say see
books dense mouse cups
face ice race price
[ z ]
发音组合:z s
代表单词:zoo prize zeal
raise knees eyes
[ h ]
发音组合:h wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。
代表单词:hot home house horse hate high whole who whose whom
[ r ]
发音组合:r wr
代表单词:race red rice rain right road
free fry pray
wrong write
破擦音: [t] [d][tr][dr][ts][dz]
[ t]
发音组合:ch
代表单词:cheap child chest choke check catch watch
音标对比:[ t] [ʃ]
cheap ship
chose shoes
catch cash
[d]
发音组合:j g dg
代表单词:jeep joke jew juice
gin change
jodge judge
音标对比:[t] [d]
charge judge
choice join
match page
[ tr ]
发音组合:tr
代表单词:tree treat trip train tram
[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream drag draw drink children
[ ts ]
发音组合:ts
代表单词:sits seats mates peasants parents
音标对比: [ ts ] [ s ]
gets guess
lets less
lots loss
plants class
[ dz ]
发音组合:ds
代表单词:needs seeds spends
音标对比:
[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]
bets beds boys boards
seats seeds gloves grounds
nets needs stares stands
鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ]
发音组合:m
代表单词:some come dime
mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合:n
代表单词:noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
[ŋ]
发音组合:ng n
代表单词:sing song singer king thing
ink sink thank tank
音标对比: [ m ] [ n ]
home stone
theme thin
ment net
舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词:清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词:含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ]
发音组合:w wh
代表单词:wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where
音标对比:[ w ] [ v ]
wet vet
winter inventure
world voice
women visit
[ j ]
发音组合:y
代表单词:year yes yet yard young you
音标对比:[ i: ] [ j ]
eat yet
east yes
eager yard
元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则
a e i o u
重读开音节:[ ei ] [ i: ] [ ai ] [ əu ] [ju:] [u:]
重读闭音节:[ æ ] [ e ] [ i ] [ ɔ ] [ ʌ ] [ u ]
注意:除了符合读音规则的词以外,还有一些词是例外的,需要逐个记忆。
重读开音节:一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音
如: cake theme bike close consume
重读闭音节:元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音
如: have bed sit love bus
常见字母组合在单词中的读音:是由两个字母搭配而成的一种固定组合
1. 两个辅音字母在一起,通常只发其中一个辅音字母的音。
两个不同的辅音字母在一起时,只发其中一个辅音字母的音。
如:wright know sign bomb
两个相同的辅音字母在一起时,只发其中一个辅音字母的音。
如:letter copper class ladder
另外:两个辅音字母在一起时,两个辅音字母也可都发音。
如:itself soft accept almost
2. 两个元音字母在一起,通常只发其中一个元音字母的基本音。
两个元音字母在一起时,发第一个元音字母的基本音。
如:boat people soul sea
两个元音字母在一起时,发第二个元音字母的基本音。
如:great believe height
3. 辅音字母+le时,辅音字母前边的元音字母经常发长音。
如:able eagle people title noble
辅音字母+le时,辅音字母前边的元音字母有时也可发短音。
如:couple double possible
4. 两个辅音前的元音字母经常发短音。
两个相同的辅音字母前的元音字母发短音。
如:carry little boss summer
两个不同的辅音字母前的元音字母发短音。
如:act neck lift soft
有时两个辅音字母前的元音字母发长音。
如:almost east feast coast
5. 字母c在e, i, y前边读[ s ],其他读作[ k ]。
如:cell centre
city cinema
cycle cynic
其他:cat cake call
6. 字母g在e ,i ,y前边读[ d ],其他读作[ g ]。
如:age agent
giant gin
gym technology
其他:good get
7. 字母组合ti si ci不在字的第一个音节时读 [ ]。
如:action attention
ancient official
Asian mission
其他:active decide decision
8. s后的清辅音[ k ] [ p ] [ t ]
要浊化为[ g ] [ b ] [ d ]音。
如:sky skill
stop student
space sport
9. 字母组合ai一般发[ ei ] [ e ] [ i ]音。
如:[ ei ] straight
[ e ] said
[ i ] Britain mountain
10. 字母组合er发长音[ ə: ]和短音[ ə ]两种情况:
在重读音节中er一般发长音[ ə:]
在弱读音节中一般发短音[ ə ]
如:[ ə:] person prefer thermos
[ ə ] father teacher letter
11. 字母组合ea发[ iə ] [ i : ][ e ]音。
如: [ iə ] real really idea
[ i: ] tea beat heat
[ e ] bread head spread
12. 字母组合oo的发音。
如:[ u ] classroom bedroom good foot stood wood wool took book look cook
[ u: ] moon noon food boot
注意:room [ u: ] classroom [ u ]
13. 字母组合or发[ ɔ: ]和[ ə: ]两种音。
如:[ ɔ: ] horse nor corn
[ ə: ] worse worst work world
[ ə ] forget tutor
14. 字母组合ou常发 [ au ] [ ʌ ]
如: [ au ] loud count house
[ ʌ ] double trouble country enough
在ght前发[ ɔ: ] fought thought bought
少数情况发[ u ] could would should
特例:[ au ] south 和 [ ʌ ]southern
15. 字母组合tion有两种发音[tʃn ], [ʃən ]
如: [ tʃn ] question
[ ʃən ] situation nation invitation
16. 字母组合ng发[η ]和[ηɡ ]两种音
如: [ηɡ ] hungry angry English finger
[ η ] sing singer song
17. 有些单词中某些字母不发音
如:hour climb build grandpa Christmas know listen