大学英语四级

大学英语四级 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to below. You should write at least 120 words following below in Chinese. 1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问 3.限制使用的意义 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. That’s enough, kids It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground. “I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected. “The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?” Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield. In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids:”If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?” Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances. “Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.” - 1 - In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought. “I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.” He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want„’” When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.” There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.” For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.” He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child. Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.” “it’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.” This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. it’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good? “Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.” White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. - 2 - We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.” One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’s intervention(干预) on her son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother. As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.” Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him? A) make an apology B) come over to intervene C) discipline her own boy D) take her own boy away 2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children? A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble 3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel A) discouraged B) hurt C) puzzled D) overwhelmed 4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller? A) talk to them directly in a mild way B) complain to their parents politely C) simply leave them alone D) punish them lightly - 3 - 5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids 6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, . A) it’s easy for people to become impatient B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody D) it’s hard for people to admire each other 7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school? A) they’d question the teachers B) they’d charge up to the school C) they’d tell the kids to clam down D) They’d put the blame on their kids 8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be 9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they 10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11．A)Only true friendship can last long. B)Letter writing is going out of style. - 4 - C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates. D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends. 12. A) A painter. C) A porter. B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter. 13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere. B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment. 14.A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist. B) He has been extremely busy recently. C) He has gained some weight lately. D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday. 15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art. B) Women have a better artistic taste than men. C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking. D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings. 16.A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library. B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals. C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading. D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it. 17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18.A)He is confident he will get the job. B)His chance of getting the job is slim. C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager. D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly. B)He can renew contact with his old friends. C)He can concentrate on his own projects. D)He can learn to do administrative work. 20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers. - 5 - B)Calling its personnel department. C)Contacting its manager. D)Searching its website. 21.A)To cut down its production expenses. B)To solve the problem of staff shortage. C)To improve its administrative efficiency. D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22.A)Buy a tractor. B)Fix a house. C)See a piece of property. D)Sing a business contract. 23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live. B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house. C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables. D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables. 24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor. B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn. C)It may not be big enough for raising corn. D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable. 25A)Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)Profits Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One 26 A)To introduce the chief of the city’s police force - 6 - B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest C)To address the issue of community security D)To explain the functions of the city council 27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management B)He is head of the International Police Force C)He completed his higher education abroad D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments B)To get police officers closer to the local people C)To help the residents in times of emergency D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular B)discouraging C)effective D)controversial Passage Two 30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate B)there are numerous languages in existence C)Most public languages are inherently vague D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence B)in improves with constant practice C)it is something we are born with D)it varies from person to person 32 A)how private languages are developed B)how different languages are related C)how people create their languages D)how children learn to use language Passage Three 33 A)she was a tailor - 7 - B)she was an engineer C)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker 34. A)Basing them on science-fiction movies. B) Including interesting examples in them C) Adjusting them to different audiences D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science 35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons B) How spacesuits protect spacemen C) How NASA trains its spacemen D) What spacemen cat and drink Section C Directions : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom. What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ These conditions are increasingly observable around the world . For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)____________________________________________________________________________ - 8 - Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_________________________________________________ Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) Section A Question 47-56 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47 _____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_ ____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53 __ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide ___54 _____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. Abundant B. Characters C. Communicating D. Completely E. Derive F. Desire G. Diversity H. Escape I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen Section B Directions There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage one Question 57 to 61 based on the following passage. If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. - 9 - There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him. Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.” 57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today. B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to read this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live. 58。What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women? A. men drink and smoke much more than women B. men don’t seek medical care as often as women C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases 59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him,„’(line2,para,8)? A. it could happen to me, too - 10 - B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky D. it would be a big misfortune 60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9) A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear 61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A.They may increase public expenses B.They will save money in the long run C.They may cause psychological strains on men D.They will enable men to live as long as women Passage two Question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.” On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking - 11 - spaces. This guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.” Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints? A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences. B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them. C Few customers believe the service will be improved. D Customers have no easy access to store managers. 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ „ the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)? A New customers are bound to replace old ones. B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores. C Most stores provide the same D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too. 64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____ A can stay longer browsing in the store B won’t have trouble parking their cars C won’t have any worries about security D can find their cars easily after shopping 65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? A Manners of the salespeople B Hiring of efficient employees C Huge supply of goods for sale D Design of the store layout. - 12 - 66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________. A exert pressure on stores to improve their service B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly D shop around and make comparisons between stores Part V Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true 67 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 68 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72, equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communities do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities. Organized youth sports 75 appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 76 some educators and developmental experts 77 that the behavior and character of children were 78 influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This 79 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 80 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become. This belief that the social 81 influenced a person’s overall development was very 82 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States 83 the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to 85 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a 86 capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker. 67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards 68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor 69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route 70. A. little B. less C. more D. much 71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack 72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare 73. A. so B. as C. and D. but 74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain 75. A. last B. first C. later D. finally 76. A. before B. while C. until D. when - 13 - 77. A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited 78. A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly 79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led 80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar 81. A. engagement B. environment C.s tate D. status 82. A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising 83. A. for B. with C. over D. at 84. A. what B. how C. whatever D. however 85. A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide 86. A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying Part VI Translation Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on answer sheet 2 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案) 88. (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 89.You’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷) 90.Throught the project, many people have received training and （决定自己创业) 91.the anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它) A卷：快速阅读：1-7 A D B A C B D 8:challenged 9:can be pround of 10:stay silent A卷 听力：11-15 DACCD 16-20 BBBAD 21-25 DCBCA 26-30 ADBCB 31-35 CDBCA 36 trend 37 phenomenon 38 scene 39 offences 40 murder 41 particularly 42 explosion 43 associated 44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. 45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. 46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems. A卷：47-50 F K H G 51-56 N I B A O M A卷：阅读：57-61 CBADB 62-66 BCBAC - 14 - A卷 ：完型：67-70 ADAB 71-75 DCCAB 76-80 DACDC 81-85 BADBC 86-A 翻译：1. that they haven’t found answers_to 2. What most parents are concerned about 3. in case it turn(s) cold 4. decided to start their own business 5. until it was accidentally found by a doctor 作文 Disposable Plastic Bags 1.Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of . And recently the problems of using have been brought into people’s focus. First of all, the use of causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution. What’s more, customers using may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don’t quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals. In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There limit on the using of in supermarkets, which not only enhances people’s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets. 2. Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us. However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water. Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment. - 15 - 08.12.20() 紧张的四级考试已经结束。综观这次的阅读试题，延续了以往的考题模式，并且难度略有下 降 。尤其是仔细阅读部分。应该说，只要具备了一定的词汇量和句子理解能力，这次的考试是可以获 取不错的成绩的。 一， 快速阅读 快速阅读秉承了一贯的出题思路，定位法在各个题目当中，得到了充分的体现。尤其是在第1，3，4，8，9，10题当中，还出现了大写字母(Stella Bianchi, Naomi white of Monash University, Andrew Fuller)的定位提示，方便考生迅速进行定位。 所以，在处理快速阅读的时候，返回文章定位可以作为最大的思路。 二， 仔细阅读 仔细阅读的题目设计中，加大了细节类考题的数量。而且在题干上，体现了定位的基本特色。 例如，在57题(why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?)58题在题干中提到the most important reason; 61题中则出现了Cartmill say about regular check up for men; 62题 why are store managers often the last to hear complaint 64题 shop owners often hire moonlighting polices as parking attendants so that shoppers 65题 what contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? 这种题目数量如此集聚，使得考生在应对时，即使文章的主旨不能明确，但是，只要利用这样的"原因，目的，人名大写字母"就可以在文章中找到一个句子获取答案。 此外，这次的仔细阅读题目当中，还释放了"某段某行"的提问形式，这种以前也出现过，但 是一般为一个，这次上升到三个，如题59，60，63。但是这种考试题，究其背后，还是要在原文中寻找根据作 为解答题目的评判，从而筛选答案。 最后，在仔细阅读当中，这次和主题相关的考题大量减少，这样使得试题难度迅速下降。 整体来看，今年的四级阅读理解相对往年确实简单了一些，但是有考生反映做题速度较慢，我想， 可能应该加强如下两方面的学习： 1 词汇是先行。无论如何阅读理解的前提就是拥有基本的词汇量。如果没有词汇量的支撑，无论使 用怎样的技巧和都不可能运用自如的。而且，词汇掌握的模糊，直接影响了阅读的速度，因为真正发现句子 中的单词的时候，可能不能做出及时的反应，当多个单词出现这样问题的时候，自然影响了阅读速度和阅读质量。 2 长句难句要加强。 在阅读理解大量文字的浏览中，我们会发现一些句子意思模糊，需要反复阅读才能做相对准确的把 握。这样的阅读，往往模糊化或者曲解文章的意思。 而从具体做题来看，当我们定到文章中的句子的时候，如果这个句子本身的阅读不能准确的时候， 还是会极大地伤害题目的正确性。 所以，一方面我们要学习一路和方法，但同时不要放松基本功的学习，希望也相信每次的考试能够 给大家一些提醒，让我们的复习能够更加全面和扎实。 四级词汇名师贾从勇选词填空(15选10) 作为深入阅读的第一道题，选词部分要求考生从十五个单词中选出十个，填在一篇250字的短文的十个空格中，使短文意思完整。由于深入阅读部分总共只有25分钟，而完成后面的两篇阅读理解至少需要20分钟，所以考生必须在5分钟之内把这道选词填空題。 做选词填空，关键是在保证正确率的前提下速度要尽量快。为此，我们推荐大家：第一步，先用一 - 16 - 分钟时间给短文后的15个候选单词表注词性，这样15个单词就被分成了名词、动词、形容词、副词四个类别。 这项工作需在以分钟之内完成。 第二步，就可一边读文章，一边选词填空，选词填空使我们贯彻"先定性，后定词"的原则，即现根据上下文确的所要填的单词的词性，词性确定后，再根据意思从该词性的几个单词中作出选择。 在开始选词填空之前，浏览一下文章，了解一下文章大义是必要的，尤其是要仔细看文章的第一句 和各段的首句。这是因为西人写文章惯用演绎法，喜欢先把自己要说的意思用一句话概括出来，然后再铺陈论证。 今年考的这篇短文就是用演绎法展开的一个典型。文章的前两句开宗明义，点明主题：没有书籍的生活是不完整 的生活。书籍影响人们生活的深度和宽度。 47題：填F desire。空格前为形容词，故此处要填名词，根据文义，填"需要"。 48題：填K naturally。空格前为副词，我们可以判断此处需要天一个副词，三个候选副词中，只有 "自然地"符合文义， 49題：填H escape。空格前面是一个动词不定式符号to,可知此处要填一个动词(原形)，再根据后面的介词from, 我们可以将包围圈缩小到escape, derive两个词范围，再根据下文意思，应当选"逃离"(他们自己有限的环境)。 50題：填G diversity，前面有不定冠词an,此处必然天一个名词，根据意思和搭配，我们选择diversity (a diveristy of 许多)。 51題：填N respect 空格后面为名词，我们此空要选一个动词，根据文一选择"尊重"。 52題：填B establishing，空格前为连词while ,后面为以名词，我们判断此处要填一个动词，根据 文义，我们选"确立"。 53題：填A characters，空格后为介词短语，空格又处在句子主语位置，我们判断此处要填一个名词，我们选择 "人物"，因为只有"人物"才能"经历各种调整"。 54題：填A abundant，此空的后面是一个名词，我们判断此处要填一个形容词，因为本文的主题是谈书籍对人 生的重要作用，故我们选"丰富的"。 55題：填O widen，此空后面是名词"眼界"，故此处选动词widen是最佳选择。 56題：填M properly，此空在动宾短语use leisure后面，我们判断应该填动词，根据文义，选择"适当地"。 总体来说，本次考试的听力难度略高于往年，尤其是从原文本身角度来说，撇开技巧不说的话，要能听懂其中的 信息，对考生的要求还是较高的。 难度主要表现在场景的细化、表达的多样化、无关信息的复杂化等方面。以短对话第二题为例： 12. A: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week. B: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls. But I'll let you know tomorrow. Q: Who was the woman talking to? 此题所涉及的frame和wall，以及house来表现木匠这一职业，不仅考生相当不熟悉，甚至连选项 carpenter这个单词都未必认识。但即使如此，修理房屋的场景往年也出现过，早在98年6月考试中就出现过油漆房子的场景特色，最后问的是男人是否自己油漆的房子。不过场景上的相似却没有降低这道题的难度，因为毕 竟这次考的是人物关系题，属于推理类考题，况且词汇的难度也使考生在考试时容易迷失方向，从而障碍解题。 再以短对话第一题为例： 11. - 17 - A: I just received an email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn't heard from him for ages. B: Well, I've been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two drop me a line occasionally. Q: What does the woman mean? 这里连续出现2个表达，out of touch和drop sb. a line，尤其是后者，从而障碍了考生的正常理解。而听写部分的难度也可以从给出的词汇中看到罕 见的生词，虽然不是考点，但其难度在我们听写原文中也颇感其"恶心"，比如六级词汇homogeneous的出现，乃至高难词heterogeneity。 但从技巧角度而言，在考生掌握方法的情况下，要能够解题依然不是很难的。比如这次短对话依然 着重考察了原因转折建议等考点，且考点对应的选项特征也相当明显易找。比如短对话第二题的原文和场景虽然 都很难听懂和把握，但选项之前却千差万别，没有任何的相关性，分别为painter、mechanic、porter以及carpenter。其中mechanic和porter上课都着重讲过，因此可以用排除法，再根据原文中出现的颜色来推断painter作为答案。而题目选项中出现的有明显听力对象的题很多，比如第14、16、17和18题针对的人物对象都很单一；绝对、相 对性的选项也很明显，比如11题的A选项中only一词，16题B选项中may一词都带有相对和绝对的色彩；且 选项中相关选项也出得很明显，比如11题的C、D选项，C说保持联系，D说失去联系。 长对话和段子题倒是出奇地平淡，如果一定要说有什么别出心裁的话，当属段子题中第一篇，以一 个演讲开头对演讲人的介绍为文来对考生进行考察，不过考点依然集中在文章的首末部分，保证了考生答题与以 往的难度一致性。 总体而言，这次四级考试就是以花哨、新颖的包装，传统的考试出题思路，点缀以较难词汇，糅杂 而成的一个四级向六级难度靠拢、过渡的里程碑. 今年的四级考试已经尘埃落定。本次考试的完型填空难度和去年基本持平。所涉及的考点和往年没有太大变化， 依然是词义辨析、逻辑关系和固定搭配。68道题 organize and ___，这道题考察的是逻辑关系。看到and立刻想到，前后连接的词表示逻辑对等关系。 比如说A and B 表示A和B相等相似或者相近。因此这道题应该选择sponsor，表示赞助和主办，和之前organize构成了同义重复。相似的题型有72和74题，同样考的是同义重复。70道题考查的是因果关系，文章说的是因 为缺少经费和必要的设备，所以家境不好的孩子很少能参与这样的有组织的活动。因此这道题选的是less，很多同学没有通读全句，自然也没能把握到上下文之间的因果联系，因此误选了more。在这里需要提醒同学们的是，在遇到一些较长的句子，尤其是一句话中出现了两个或者两个以上空格时，请务必将句子读全。要真正的做到胸 怀大局，瞻前顾后，而不是凭借所谓的语感。 除了逻辑关系之外，固定搭配的考察也有涉及。比如69道题，表示"获得机会"，用access to。71题表示"缺少"，用lack for。79题表示"致使，使得"，用lead to。最后是词义辨析。此次考试的词义辨析难度不大。比如81题，和78空后面的influenced by their social surroundings的surrounding构成同义重复，所以选择它的同义词environment。84道题说"如何控制孩子们的经验"，所以一定是how。 总之，完型填空所涉及的考点要求同学们在平时的英语学习中注重基本功的训练，比如说对于常用 的固定搭配要进行必要的识记，近义词之间辨析也应该在平时的学习注。当然逻辑关系的考察相对比较简单，基 本局限于几种简单的逻辑关系。比如：并列，因果，递进，转折。而对于这些考点，同学们需要在考前进行必要 的强化训练。 - 18 -