散文的表现手法有哪些

散文的现手法有哪些 散文的表现手法有哪些?有哪些经典例子? 比喻,比拟,借代,夸张,排比,反复,象征,寄寓，寄托，对偶 比喻里比较常用的就是明喻、暗喻、譬喻、借喻、隐喻、通感等等。通感比较经典的一句是出现在朱自清的散文《荷塘月色》里。 比喻由三部分构成: 1、本体 2、喻体 3、比喻词 (比喻和拟人最大的不同在于比喻含有喻体，拟人没有。) 作用:将表达的说得生动具体形象，给人以鲜明深刻的印象，根据事物的相似点,用具体、浅显、常见的事物对深奥生疏的事物解说，即打比方，帮助人深入理解。(事物间有相似性) 比喻的三种类型:明喻、暗喻和借喻: 类别 特点 本体 比喻词 喻体 例句 明喻 甲像乙 出现 像、似的、好像、如、宛如、好比、犹如、仿佛 出现 晓明跑的如离弦的箭。 暗喻 甲是乙 出现 是、成为 出现 那又浓又翠的景色，简直就是一幅青山绿水画。 借喻 甲代乙 不出现 无 出现 地上射起无数的箭头，房顶上落下万千条瀑布。 例句:整个的是块空灵的蓝水晶。——老舍《济南的冬天》 比拟分为拟人和拟物。 (1)拟人: 把物当作人写，赋予物以人的动作、行为、思想、感情、活动，用描写人的词来描写物。 作用:把禽兽鸟虫花草树木或其他无生命的事物当成人写，使具体事 拟人修辞手法 物人格化，语言生动形象。 例句: 1.桃树、杏树、梨树,你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。——《春》 朱自清 2.感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。 ——《春望》 杜甫 3.太阳的脸红起来了。——《春》 朱自清 (2)拟物(借物喻人): ?把人比作物，或把此物当作彼物来写。 例句: 1.人群不顾一切，涌了上来。 2.在群众的呼喝声中，那个恶霸夹着尾巴逃跑了。 ?把甲事物当成乙事物来写。 例句: 1.火山发出一声咆哮。 2.她们看见不远的地方，那宽厚肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在水里。(《荷花淀》孙犁) 3(夸张: stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put 对事物的性质，特征等故意地夸大或缩小。 作用:提示事物本质，烘托气氛，加强渲染力，引起联想效果。 (1)扩大夸张:对事物形状、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以夸大。 例句:柏油路晒化了，甚至铺户门前的铜牌好像也要晒化。 (2)缩小夸张:对事物形象、性质、特征、作用、程度等加以缩小。 例句: 只能看到巴掌大的一块天地。 (3)超前夸张:把后出现的说成先出现，把先出现的说成后出现。 例句:她还没有端酒杯，就醉了。 借代: 不直接说出所要表达的人或事物，而是借用与它有密切相关的人或事物来代替 。 借代种类:特征代事物、具体代抽象、部分代全体、整体代部分。 作用:突出事物的本质特征，增强语言的形象性，使文笔简洁精炼，语言富于变化和幽默感;引人联想，使表达收到形象突出、特点鲜明、具体生动的效果。 方法: ?部分代整体。即用事物具有代表性的部分代本体事物。 例如:两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。——《望天门山》 ?特征代本体。即用借体(人或事物)的特征、标志去代替本体事物的名称。 例如:圆规一面愤愤的回转身，一面絮絮的说，慢慢向外走去…… ——《故乡》 ?具体代抽象 例如:南国烽烟正十年。——《梅岭三章》 ?工具代本体。 例如:等到惊蛰一犁土的季节，十家已有八户亮了囤底，揭不开锅。——《榆钱饭》 ?专名代泛称。用具有典型性的人或事物的专用名称代替本体事物的名称。 例如:你们杀死一个李公朴，会有千百万个李公朴站起来～——《最后一次讲演》 1、散文的表达方式:常用的表达方式有记叙、议论、描写、抒情和说明。 A、散文中的议论:往往有揭示意义(主旨)、画龙点睛、深化主题地作用。 B、散文中的描写:往往为了展示人物特征、暗示时代背景、渲染情感氛围。 stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put C、散文中的抒情:往往有抒发作者情感、揭示文章意蕴、表现形象意图的作用。 D、散文中的倒叙:造成悬念，引人入胜。 E、散文中的插叙:对主要情节或中心事件做必要的铺垫照应，使情节更加完整、结构更加严密，内容更加充实丰满。 F、散文中的平叙:“花开两朵，各表一枝”，使思路更清晰，相互照应更得体。 G、散文中的景物描写:描写自然风光，营造某种氛围，烘托人物情感或思想。 H、散文中的环境描写:交代背景，表明事件发生的时间地点，渲染气氛，更好地表现人物心理或形象。 I、散文中的人物描写:包括肖像、行为、心理、语言、细节描写，往往是为了展现人物内心，刻画人物性格，塑造人物形象;同时促进故事情节的发展。 stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put J、散文中的叙述人称:第一人称亲切自然，给读者以真实生动之感;第二人称增强文章的抒情性和亲切感，便于感情交流;第三人称能直接客观地展现丰富多彩的生活，不受时空限制，灵活自由。 2、散文中的修辞方法:常用的有比喻、拟人、排比、对比、衬托、渲染、夸张、反复等。 A、散文中的比喻:作用在于把要说地事物反映得生动形象。化平淡为生动，化深奥为浅显，化抽象为具体。 B、散文中的拟人:给物赋予人的形态和情感，使之人格化，使描绘生动形象，表意丰富。 C、散文中的排比:使内容表达更集中、更突出、更鲜明;情感抒发更强烈、更有气势。 D、散文中的对比:能使所表达的事物特征或所阐发的道理更鲜明、更突出;能彻底揭示矛盾，使文章内容表达更显爱憎分明。 E、散文中的衬托:以一些事物为陪衬来突出某一事物，使所议论或描写的事物更加突出，更加鲜明。 stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put F、散文中的渲染:通过某一方面的铺陈叙写，集中描绘，突出人或事物的本质特点，用以加深主题。 G、散文中的夸张:烘托气氛，增强感染力，增强联想;创造气氛，揭示本质，给人以启示。 H、散文中的反复:写景抒情感染力强;承上启下，分清层次;多次强调，给人以深刻印象。 3、散文的表现手法:常用的有联想想象、比喻象征、对比衬托、欲扬先抑、虚实结合、动静结合、点面结合、托物言志、借景抒情、以小见大、铺垫照应、制造悬念、言犹未尽等。(各项具体解说参见《名师大讲堂》P174) 烘托(衬托)、对比、对照、借景(物)抒情、托物言志、欲扬先抑。(联想、想象)寓情于景、融情入景、讽刺、象征、联想、想象、以小见大、类比 象征是通过特定的容易引起联想的具体形象，表现某种概念、思想和感情的艺术手法。象征体和本体之间存在着某种相似的特点，可以借助读者的想象和联想把它们 联系起来。例如蜡烛，光明磊落，焚烧自己，照亮别人的具体形象，可以使我们联想到舍己为人的崇高精神。因此蜡烛是舍己为人的象征。 什么是象征手法,它和比喻手法有什么区别, 象征是通过特定的容易引起联想的形象表现与之相似或相近特点的概念、思想或感情的艺术手法。只用于表示有关人类品质或人类组织的性质，一般适用于抒情作品。 比喻可以用于表示任何事物的性质，一般的比喻，其喻体分散在全篇文章中 什么是以小见大的方法 就是采用小的事情来表现大的主题的写作方法,将抽象的事物具体化.比方说,要你写一个以生命为话题的文章,如果你总是谈什么生命的意义之类的,这就很难去 写好.而采用以小见大的方法却可以绕过这些说教,给人以更生动可感的形象,如写与病魔作斗争的中学生,如写时时刻刻给予你关心的父母,如写下岗工人的努力 等等,你可以借助具体的形象来给生命着色,象语文课文《敬畏生命》，就是以柳絮这样细小的生物;《白蝴喋之恋》就是以一只小小的蝴蝶来对生命进行探讨。采 用这种以小见大的办法，这样在你的笔下,就会有五彩的生命了.再比方写爱国,你可以写一个生对红旗的爱护，看到别人对红旗不尊重就要加以指正等等. stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put 那一般在什么情况下采用这种方法呢?一般是些很抽象的概念的话题时就可以采用(就是当你感觉到你要写的观点和你政治书上的观点相同),如"人生观""价值"等等啊. 采用这种办法应注意的是:一是要注意你所选择的小的材料和你的大的观点有相似性,能统一起来.二是要注意运用小的材料的过程中注意不要动不动就跑出来发议论.三是要注意运用的材料具有典型性。 什么是联想和想象, 联想就是由一种事物想到另一种有关的事物，或有眼前的事物回忆起以前的有关事物。例如冬天的早晨，看见玻璃上的霜花，就会想起美丽的孔雀开屏;看见老花 镜，就会想起奶奶给自己缝制布娃娃的情景;看见卷面上鲜红的墨水迹，就想起老师为同学们补课批改作业的情景;看见昔日的照片，就想起游山玩水的快乐时光; 看见一本旧书，就想起与同学相处的一件往事……这些现象，在生活中是非常自然的。我们把这些内容写进作文里，就会增强文章的表现力。 再说想象。想象与联想就像一对亲兄弟，它们相似却不相同。它们的相似点都是想，联想是想起关联的事，而想象则是重新组合编排头脑中的形象、材料，创造出新的内容来。 什么是渲染,什么是烘托, 渲染是指用水墨或颜色烘染物象，分出阴阳向背，增加质感和立体感，加强艺术效果，亦可作“设色”解。清代恽寿平谓:“俗人论画，皆以设色为易，岂知渲染极 难，画至著色，加入炉篝，重加锻炼，火候稍差，前功尽弃。”烘托是用水墨或淡彩在物象的外轮廓渲染衬托，使其明显突出。如烘云托月，以及画雪景、雨景、雾 景、晨昏、流水、白色的花鸟和白描人物等，一般采用外罩、围染的烘托方法。 类比是一种推理的方法，是根据两种事物在某些特征上的相似，作出他们在其他特征上也可能相似的结论。这是《现代汉语词典》中的说法，并举例说:“如光和影 都是直线传播，有反射、折射、和干扰现象等，由于声呈波动状态，因而推出光也呈波动状态。”我认为这一说法是正确的。实际运用过程中却有很多人(包括教 材)误以为类比就是同类相比，其不谬哉～“同类相比”是什么,请看《现代汉语词典》关于“比较”的解释:“就两种或两种以上的同类事务辨别异同或高下。” 原来如此～ 什么是讽刺? “ 用讥刺和嘲讽笔法描写敌对的或落后的事物,有时用夸张的手法加以暴露,以达到贬斥、否定的效果。”这种表现手法,即为讽刺。用讽刺和嘲讽的笔法针对敌人或者落后、错误的、不合理的事物，有时用夸张的手法加以暴露，以达到贬斥、否定和批判的目的。 掌握托物言志的写法。 两篇文章都采用了托物言志的方法。前者借“陋室”抒发作者的情怀，借物突出志向。文章以有仙之山，有龙之水比喻“陋室”，引出文章主旨“惟吾德馨”，表明 “陋室”也具有“名”与“灵”的性质。然后描写陋室环境景色幽雅，交往人的高雅，主人的生活情趣闲适，展示了陋室主人的精神风貌，表现作者怡然自得的心 情，安贫乐道的生活情趣，既突出主人“德馨”，又表明“陋室”不陋。最后以诸葛庐、子云亭类比陋室，意在以古代名贤自况，表明陋室主人也有古代名贤的志趣 和抱负。引用孔子的话结尾，隐含以君子自居之意，说明“有德者居之，则陋室不陋”，突出“惟吾德馨”“陋室不陋”。 《爱莲说》中作者以莲花自况，借对莲花形象的描绘，寄寓作者自己的情感，从生长环境，写她“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”的质朴;从体态、香气方面，写她 “中通外直，不蔓不枝”的正直，写她“香远益清”的芳香;从风度方面，写她“亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩”的清高。这种描写，是将莲人格化，是把她作为一 种高贵品质的象征，赞美她是“花之君子”。stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put 作者托物言志，在莲的形象中寄寓了自己不慕名利、洁身自好的思想感情。 “托物言志”是指通过描写客观事物，寄托、传达作者的某种感情、抱负和志趣。如于谦的《石灰吟》，诗人借物咏怀，通过开采石头烧成石灰的过程及结果，抒发 了自己不畏艰难困苦的坚贞情操和清正磊落的高洁思想。又如《白杨礼赞》《松树的风格》《病梅馆记》等都是出色运用托物言志手法的例子。 “借景抒情”是指借助于描绘景物而抒发感情，感情寓于写景之中。如鲁迅《故乡》开头一段，作者并没有直接抒发“我”的悲凉心情，而是通过生动的景物描写来表达“我”当时的心境:压抑、窒闷、悲凉。借景抒情的例子数不胜数，如《风景谈》《荷塘月色》等。 二者有相同点。师生，都是间接抒情，不同于直抒胸臆。他们借助于叙述、描写、和议论的方式来抒情，使抽象的感情客观化、具体化、形象化，易于被人理解接 受。其次，它们都可以使用象征、变形等艺术手法和比喻、排比、夸张、拟人等修辞方法，以增强艺术感染力。它们的不同之处在于:第一、“托物言志”是通过咏 物来抒情，常常借助于某些具体植物、动物、物品等的一些特性，委婉曲折地将作者的感情表达出来。这些“物”不是“景”，咏物不是写景。“借景抒情”是借助 写景来抒情，或景中含情，时时流露;或情寓景中，蕴而不露。这里的“景”是指自然风景，而不是某种物品。 第二、“托物言志”中的“志”，含义很广，可以指感情、志向、情趣、爱好、愿望、要求等。“借景抒情”中的“情”，专指热爱、憎恶、赞美、鞭挞、快乐、悲 伤等感情。 第三、“托物言志”不内容产生意境，作者的某种感情、志向通过与之相关的实物传达出来，即达到写作目的，可以叙述和议论。“借景抒情”要求达到思与境谐， 情与景会，寓情于景，情景相生，内容形成情景交融、形神结合的有立体感的审美意境.?? “托物言志”和“托物寓意”有什么区别,答:“托物言志”是把自己的志趣、志向寄托在对某种物的记叙、描写之中。比如“爱莲说”。“托物寓意”是把一个深 刻的道理通过对某一物的记叙、描写、议论等表达出来。比如“白杨礼赞”和一些寓言故事。二者的区别在于一个是表达自己的看法，个人的情趣，一个是讲一个公 认的道理。 白描，白描是一种描写的方法。原是中国画的一种技法，是指一种不加色彩或很少用色彩，而只用墨线在白底上勾勒物象的画法。作为一种描写方法，是指抓住事物 的特征，以质朴的文字，寥廖几笔就勾勒出事物形象的描写方法。白描用于写人，只需三言两语即可勾画出人物的外貌和神态，使读者如见其人。白描用于写景，只 需几笔就可勾勒出一幅鲜明的图画，使人如临其境。白描用于写事，也只要几笔就可使事态毕现，生动形象。 4、散文的行文布局:常见有包括文眼句、总起句、句、过渡句、中心句、点睛句等的“重要句子”的安排，以及详略得当、叙议结合、引经据典、巧譬善喻、过渡衔接、铺垫伏笔、首尾照应等。 A、文眼句:显示作者的写作意图，体现行文脉络，表明主题思想。 stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put B、总起句:统领全文，引出下文;为后文做铺垫、埋伏笔。 C、总结句:总结全文，深化主题;照应上文，发人深思。 D、点睛句:揭示主旨，点明中心;耐人寻味，给人启迪。 文章的表达方式一般而言有五种。 1:记叙。这是文章中最基本最常见的一种表达方式。它是作者对人物的经历和事件的发展变化过程以及场景、空间的转换所作的叙说和交代，在写事文章中应用较为广泛。 2:描写。描写是把描写对象的状貌、情态描绘出来(包括心理描写、语言描写、动作描写、神态描写、外貌描写、环境描写等)，再现给读者的一种表达方式。 3:抒情。抒情就是抒发和表现作者的感情。具体指以形式化的话语组织，象征性地表现个人内心情感的一类文学活动，它与叙事相对，具有主观性、个性化和诗意化等特征。 4:说明。说明是用简明扼要的文字，把事物的形状、性质、特征、成因、关系、功用等解说清楚的表达方式。 5:议论。议论就是作者对某个议论对象发表见解，以表明自己的观点和态度。它的作用在于使文章鲜明、深刻，具有较强的哲理性和理论深度。是议的主要表达方式。 五种表达方式，作为文章的形式要素，一定要为内容表达服务。一定的内容采用不同的表达来写作，可产生不同的效果。 | stator. Rotor installed in the stator end upper hangers supports or in the end cap oil parts installed special rotor shaft bracket. (Figure 19) in the stator ring shop in turn lower half of the hard steel sheet, rubber mat and curve skateboards on the plate fixed to the four corners of four rope or nylon rope, tie outside the stator on the basis of, respectively. (Figure 20) axial-flow fan blade diameter greater than retaining ring diameter of the rotor at the top, in front of the wear the stator, best to blade removed, preventing scratches and blades should be well marked. Rotor steam-side back wheel below the shaft or parts installed steam-side arc slider and the slider lower sliding surfaces coated with a thin layer of grease. The rotor excitation traction installed end to end by a horizontal pole. Wire ropes lashing shall not damage the rotor surface using soft material wrapping wire rope, and the pad on the rotor surface with hard wood, or aluminum, lashing rope rotor with two points, the distance between two points is generally not less than 500~700mm, lashing wire rope when winding on the rotor and tighten the double baolan slide knot ... 6.4.6.3 rotor wear loaded official hanging up rotor, pendulum are direction Hou will rotor from Reed end level slow wear trance child bore within, wear loaded process stator bore has two people guardianship, and should guarantee steam end guardianship information smooth, ensure rotor surface don't and stator iron core coil collide; generator stator Reed end set two people guardianship, guardianship generator rotor not and stator core coil collide friction. Slow journey to move into the direction of the rotor, rotor wear them into the stator bore, will contact steam-side slider on the arc skateboards (must be over ladder after the stator to the slider, slider is only allowed access to the arc on a skateboard, or arc skateboards and protection of stator plate rollover may occur). Dang wire rope close machine shell Shi, stop wear loaded and slowly Panasonic lane hooks put