为了正常的体验网站,请在浏览器设置里面开启Javascript功能!
首页 > 英语四级材料

英语四级材料

2018-11-17 18页 doc 48KB 88阅读

用户头像

is_729658

暂无简介

举报
英语四级材料英语四级材料 四级考试辅导 写作: 一:确定主题句 主题句是写作不跑题的重要环节。四级考试多是提纲式作文,我们可以将文提纲中的各句译成英语作为主题句。如上例各段主题句分别为: 1(It is very necessary to get to know the world outside( 2(There are several ways to get to know the world outside( 3(To me,I will take the following ways: 另外,有时提纲为简短的英文要求...
英语四级材料
英语四级材料 四级考试辅导 写作: 一:确定主题句 主题句是写作不跑题的重要环节。四级考试多是提纲式作文,我们可以将文提纲中的各句译成英语作为主题句。如上例各段主题句分别为: 1(It is very necessary to get to know the world outside( 2(There are several ways to get to know the world outside( 3(To me,I will take the following ways: 另外,有时提纲为简短的英文要求句,如上例也可以这样出题: 1(Necessity of getting to know the world outside( 2(Ways to do it. 3(My own practice( 这是我们的对策是将其进行变换,使之成为主题句,扩展形式与前同。 二、确保条理清楚技巧: 1(议论文:正反论述要有条理。如上例第一段可以这样写:主题句(It is very necessary to get to know The world outside()+正面(Familiar with the world outside,we can…()+反面(Otherwise,we will…)。 2(说明文:各列条要清楚。如上例第二段可以这样写:主题句(There are two ways to know the world()+举例(Firstly… Secondly … )注意:举例列条时最好选出很简洁的连词或副词,这样会使文章写得更有条有理。 3(描述文:怎么做要有条理。如上例第三段可以这样写:主题句(To me,I will take the following ways……)+具体描述(注意:主语要保持一致。 三、确保字数符合要求的快速成文口诀:横向写作,正反论述,主题不 变\添非重点词。 1.横向写作:指围绕一个主题进行扩展,一段只有一个中心。四级作文多是三段式,可在每一段中采用“主题句+两三句扩展句+一句结论句”的模式。其中结论句多出现在议论文的体裁中。 2(正、反论述。在实际考试时考生通常会由于紧张或平时积累不够而感觉无法对主题句进行充分的论证。这时就可采用正、反论述的方法快速成文。 3(主题不变,添非重点词。若感觉字数仍不够,可在保持主题不变的情况下,添加一些非重点词。如上例第三段: • There are two ways (for us)to know the world outside (out of the campus)((主题句)Firstly,we may take the advantage of the media,such as reading the newspaper,(watching the television),surfing on the internet and so on. • (扩展句一)Secondly,it’s also good to take a part—time job,such as tutoring (or working for a software company)( • (扩展句二)(Any of these methods will enable us to get in touch with society()(结论句) 1(现象,解决问题型: 第一段:It’s a common phenomenon that,We often hear that,More and more attention has been focused on the problem of,The whole society should pay close attention to the problem of+问题(The first reason is that,Firstly+理由一(Besides,Secondly+理由二((或It brings not only,It’s results may be+后果一(But also,It will also bring the changes to our society such as+后果二() 第二段:As the reasons above,we should do something such as,When we think about it,we find three constructive solutions(First,,People have figured out many ways to solve the problem(Firstly+解决方法一(We can also,Second,Secondly+解决方法二(+And finally+解决方法三( 第三段:Personally,I believe that,In my opinion,I think that,To me,I will take the following ways to solve the problem,In my view+我的看法( 2. 正反观点对比型 第—段:Some people,person hold,think,insist,tend to think,say that+观点—(They point out,believe that+理由一(Secondly,Additionally+理由二( 第二段:On the contrary,However,Other people hold the view+观点二(They argue that+理由一(What’s more +理由二( 第三段:In my opinion,So far as I am concerned,I think,As for me+我的观点(The reason is that+理由一。 And also 十理由 So+结论( 道理论证型 第一段:People believe in the proverb+谚语owing to the moral it teaches;+谚语内涵( 第二段:An example of this case is,Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb+举例( 第三段:In a word+结论( 图表题 第一段:As we can see from,According to,As shown in the chart,graph,diagram,there is a minimal,s1ight ,small,steep,dramatic,rapid, sudden,steady,slow,gradual,sharp increase, rise,decrease, decline,fluctuation,reduction,droop of+图表描述对象( 第二段:There are three mainly reasons responsible for this instance(For one thing+理由一。For another+理由 二(The last but not the least thing is that+理由三( 第三段:Although this graph,chart,table,diagram may not predict the entire situation in the future,I believe+ 预测。或To solve this problem,there are a lot of things for us to do(+建议( I. Should Education Be Commercialized? l. 近些年社会上出现了教育商业化的趋势 2. 有些人认为教育可以也应该商业化,有些人则持相反意见 3. 我的看法 With the fast development of economy, there is a tendency that education is becoming commercialized. People begin to associate education with money and believe that education can bring profit. Different people hold different attitudes towards this phenomenon. Some people think that education should be Commercialized because in market economy everything should be connected with money, otherwise, it can't catch the development of society and will lag behind. On the contrary, some people are against this opinion. They think that the function of education is just to educate young people, help them gain knowledge and help them grow in the right way. If education becomes materialized, it might be misleading. In my opinion, education should keep its original principle, that is, to educate people. Too much commercialization in education can be harmful to the individuals and the society in the long run. II. The Long Holidays 1(长假给大学生带来的好处 2(长假可能给大学生带来的问题 3(我应当怎样过好长假 The long holidays will do good to college students. Firstly, they may take this opportunity to go for a travel or do something they like so that they can have a good rest in the middle of the term. Secondly, they can choose to take some short training courses to enlarge their knowledge. Thirdly, they may also choose to take a part-time job to get working experiences. The long holidays can bring some problems as well. For example, there might be safety problems when students travel home or other places. And long holidays cost students a lot of extra money. Moreover, study might be affected during and after the holidays. This is how I am going to spend the long holidays. I will first have a good rest, then try to entertain myself by novels and music. For the rest of the holidays, I want to review what I have learned while helping my parents do some housework. • 对策6:熟悉四级考试中的惯用法。 • 如:come down with(生病), die away(渐渐消失), look up to(尊敬), go Dutch(AA制), get cold feet(战战兢 兢)………… • 分类整理与大学生活有关的字群,如学科、课程等。如:freshman, sophomore, junior, senior……major,(主修) minor(副修), transcript(成绩单), credit hours(学分数), term paper, midterm test, final exam……auditing a course(旁听一科) • 对策7:熟悉一些场景用语。 • 1)银行用语。Withdraw---deposit, open a bank account, a saving account, a checking account, 5% interest, cash a check… 2)邮局用语。Mail that package, send a letter by air mail, registered letter/mail(挂号信) 2)邮局用语。Mail that package, send a letter by air mail, registered letter/mail(挂号信) 4)医护用语。Prescription, get an upset stomach, get a headache, lose one’s appetite, feel sick to one’s stomach, a sore throat 5)旅行社用语。Make a reservation, a round-trip ticket, one-way fare, first class, economic class, a credit card, traveler’s check…… 6)机场用语。Depart from gate 3, arrive at gate 7, flight 301, a window seat(靠窗座位), an aisle seat(靠走道座位),smoking section, non-smoking section, boarding pass(登机牌) 7)电话用语。A long distance call, make a local call, a wrong number, busy line, make a collect call, make a person-to-person call(打叫人电话), deposit the correct change(投入正确的零钱),area code, dial one’s number……. 阅读理解问题常出现的词有: approving, comical滑稽的, compromising妥协, concerned担心 忧虑, critical批判的, cynical(愤世嫉俗的), defensive保守的, disappointed, disapproving, disgusted反感, 厌恶, 嫌恶, doubtful, enthusiastic热心 感兴趣, friendly, hostile敌意的, humorous, indifferent中立 不关心, indignant愤怒的, ironic(讥讽的), light-hearted(兴高采烈的), literal(朴实的,文字上的), matter-of-fact事实上, mocking愚弄, negative, neutral中立, objective, optimistic, pessimistic, positive, questioning(探询的,追问的), sarcastic(讽刺的,挖苦的), satirical(讽刺性的,爱挖苦人的), serious, subjective, suspicious, sympathetic同情 赞同 支持, tragic(al)悲剧 翻 译 常见句型 The substance does not dissolve in water _________ (不管是否加热) whether (it is) heated or not Not only _________ (他向我收费太高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either. did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me Your losses in trade this year are nothing __________ (与我的相比). Compared with mine/in comparison with mine On average, it is said, visitors spend only __________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. half as much money By contrast, American mothers were more likely __________(把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. to attribute their children’s success to The output of the factory this year _________ (是1990的十倍) is ten times that in 1990 He ___________(把他的成功归因于) the help of his tutor. owed/attributed his success to (他以蔑视的态度对待我们)____________ is contemptible. His contemptuous attitude towards us Several blocks from the park, Clement Street is busy like a second Chinatown_______(那儿有几十家民族餐馆) With dozens of ethnic restaurants __________ (除了对最新的信息技术感兴趣外),the student has also developed a lasting enthusiasm for sports, especially football. Apart from interest in the latest information technology I am _________(有足够理由指控你) neglecting duty. justified in accusing you of __________(使Johnson夫人大为宽慰的是), she found neither her husband nor her son got injured in the car accident. Much to Mrs. Johnson’s relief ________(据我所知),she has lived in Moscow for ten years. Studying may be difficult just now, but _________(从长远来看你将受益). you will benefit in the long run. His parents’ encouragement ________(增强了他的自信心) and motivated him to further success. Enhanced/Strengthened his self-confidence The journalists were informed that the Queen__________(将于次日接见他们) was to give them an audience the following day ________(毫无疑问) that she is the most qualified candidate for the significant position. There is no doubt Eric ________(出生于瑞典北部的一个小镇上), but immigrated into the U.S.A. with his parents at an early age. was born in a small town in the north of Sweden I’m sure I can do at least as well as, _______(就算做不到更好), my classmates who have entered for the contest, too. if not better than He hurried there, ______(却发现会议结束了) and nobody was there. only to discover/find the meeting was over She left the room quickly______(以免吵醒孩子) the baby. so as not to wake up/for fear of waking up _______(此乃人之常情) that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. Such is human nature In fact, he would rather have left for Washington _______(而不愿待在纽约)。 than stayed in New York The University of New South Wales, ______(位于悉尼), is near the business center of Australia’s largest city. Located/situated in Sidney ________(尽管他所受的正式教育很少), he became the most outstanding writer of his generation. In spite of/Despite his little formal education In the US, high school classes ______(往往把重点放在) analyzing literature and improving writing skills. I don’t mind your _______(延期做出) as long as it is not too late. delaying making the decision I suggested he ________(使自己适应新环境) should adapt himself to the new environment ______(无论什么困难) we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them. Whatever difficulties You don’t like to swim, you _______(不妨待在家里)。 may as well stay at home Not until the game had begun ______(他才到达运动场) did he arrive at the sports ground I would rather _________(她上个星期六去参加那个聚会)。 she had attended the party last Saturday. She had never expected ________(能找到那辆自行车)。 her bike to be found/to find her bike 文 - 汉语汉字 编辑词条 文,wen,从玄从爻。天地万物的信息产生出来的现象、纹路、轨迹,描绘出了阴阳二气在事物中的运行轨迹和原理。 故文即为符。上古之时,符文一体。 古者伏羲氏之王天下也,始画八卦,造契,以代结绳(爻)之政,由是文籍生焉。--《尚书序》 依类象形,故谓之文。其后形声相益,即谓之字。--《说文》序》 仓颉造书,形立谓之文,声具谓之字。--《古今通论》 (1) 象形。甲骨文此字象纹理纵横交错形。"文"是汉字的一个部首。本义:花纹;纹理。 (2) 同本义 [figure;veins] 文,英语念为:text、article等,从字面意思上就可以理解为文章、文字,与古今中外的各个文学著作中出现的各种文字字形密不可分。古有甲骨文、金文、小篆等,今有宋体、楷体等,都在这一方面突出了"文"的重要性。古今中外,人们对于"文"都有自己不同的认知,从大的方面来讲,它可以用于表示一个民族的文化历史,从小的方面来说它可用于用于表示单独的一个"文"字,可用于表示一段话,也可用于人物的姓氏。 折叠编辑本段基本字义 1(事物错综所造成的纹理或形象:灿若,锦。 2.刺画花纹:,身。 3(记录语言的符号:,字。,盲。以,害辞。 4(用文字记下来以及与之有关的:,凭。,艺。,体。,典。,苑。,献(指有历史价值和参考价值的图书资料)。,采(a(文辞、文艺方面的才华;b(错杂艳丽的色彩)。 5(人类劳动成果的总结:,化。,物。 6(自然界的某些现象:天,。水,。 7(旧时指礼节仪式:虚,。繁,缛节(过多的礼节仪式)。 8(文华辞采,与“质”、“情”相对:,质彬彬。 9(温和:,火。,静。,雅。 10(指非军事的:,职。,治武功(指礼乐教化和军事功绩)。 11(指以古汉语为基础的书面语:552,言。,白间杂。 12(专指社会科学:,科。 13(掩饰:,过饰非。 14(量词,指旧时小铜钱:一,不名。 15(姓。 16( 皇帝谥号,经纬天地曰文;道德博闻曰文;慈惠爱民曰文;愍民惠礼曰文;赐民爵位曰文;勤学好问曰文;博闻多见曰文;忠信接礼曰文;能定典礼曰文;经邦定誉曰文;敏而好学曰文;施而中礼曰文;修德来远曰文;刚柔相济曰文;修治班制曰文;德美才秀曰文;万邦为宪、帝德运广曰文;坚强不暴曰文;徽柔懿恭曰文;圣谟丕显曰文;化成天下曰文;纯穆不已曰文;克嗣徽音曰文;敬直慈惠曰文;与贤同升曰文;绍修圣绪曰文;声教四讫曰 文。如汉文帝。 折叠编辑本段字源字形 字源演变与字形比较 折叠编辑本段详细字义 〈名〉 1(右图是 “文”字的甲骨文图片,资料来源:徐无闻主编:《甲金篆隶大字典》,四川辞书出版社。1991年7月第一版。 “文”字的甲骨文字绘画的像一个正面的“大人”,寓意“大象有形”、“象形”;特别放大了胸部,并在胸部画了“心”,含义是“外界客体在心里面的整体影像、整体写真、整体素描、整体速写”。 许慎《说文解字》把“文”解释为“错画也”,意思是“对事物形象进行整体素描,笔画交错,相联相络,不可解构”,这与他说的独体为文、合体为字的话的意思是一致的。“说文解字”这个书名就表示了“文”只能“说”,而“字”则可“解”的意思。“文”是客观事物外在形象的速写,是人类进一步了解事物内在性质的基础,所以它是“字”的父母,“字”是“文”的孩子。“文”生“字”举例(以“哲”为例):先对人手摩画,其文为“手”;又对斧子摩画,其文为“斤”。以手、斤为父母,结合、生子,其子就是“折”(手和斤各代表父母的基因)。这个“折”就是许慎所谓的“字”。“字”从宀从子,“宀”表示“独立的房子”,子在其中,有“自立门户”的意思。故“字”还能与“文”或其他“字”结合,生出新“字”来。在本例,作为字的“折”与作为文的“口”结合,就生出了新的字“哲”。 2( 同本义 [figure;veins] 文,错画也。象交文。今字作纹。——东汉?许慎《说文》 五章以奉五色。——春秋?左丘明《左传?昭公二十五年》。注:“青与赤谓之文,赤与白谓之章,白与黑谓之黼,黑与青谓之黻。” 美于黼黼文章。——《荀子?非相》 茵席雕文。——《韩非子?十过》 织文鸟章,白旆央央。——《诗?小雅?六月》 斑文小鱼。——明? 刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》 3(又如:文驾(彩车);文斑(杂色的斑纹);文旆(有文彩的旗帜);文绣(绣有彩色花纹的丝织品;刺花图案);文织(有彩色花纹的丝织品);文鳞(鱼鳞形花纹)。 4(字,文字(“文”,在先秦时期就有文字的意思,“字”,到了秦朝才有此意。分别讲,“文”指独体字;“字”指 合体字。笼统地说,都泛指文字。) [character] 饰以篆文。——南朝宋?范晔《后汉书?张衡传》 分文析字。——东汉?班固《汉书?刘歆传》 夫文,止戈为武。——《左传?宣公十二年》 距洞数百步,有碑仆道,其文漫灭。——王安石《游褒禅山记》 文曰“天启壬戌秋日”。——明? 魏学洢《核舟记》 文曰“初平山尺”。 5(又如:甲骨文;金文;汉文;英文;文迹(文字所记载的事迹);文书爻(有关文字、文凭之类的卦象);文异(文字相异);文轨(文字和车轨);文狱(文字狱);文钱(钱。因钱有文字,故称);文状(字据,军令状);文引(通行证;路凭);文定(定婚)。 6(文章(遣造的词句叫做“文”,结构段落叫做 “章”。) [literary composition] 故说诗者不以文害辞。——《孟子?万章上》 好古文。——唐? 韩愈《师说》 属予作文以记之。——宋? 范仲淹《岳阳楼记》 能述以文。——宋? 欧阳修《醉翁亭记》 摘其诗文。——清? 纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》 7(又如:文价(文章的声誉);文魔(书呆子);文会(旧时读书人为了准备应试,在一起写文章、互相观摩的集会);文移(旧时官府文书的代称);文雄(擅长写文章的大作家);文意(文章的旨趣);文义(文章的义理);文情(文章的词句和情思);本文(所指的这篇文章);作文(写文章;学习练习所写的文章);文魁(文章魁首);文价(文章的声价);文什(文章与诗篇)。 8(美德;文德 [virtue] 圣云继之神,神乃用文治。——杜牧《感怀诗一首》 9(又如:文丈(对才高德韶的老者的敬称);文母(文德之母);文武(文德与武功);文命(文德教命);文惠(文德恩惠);文德(写文章的道德);文薄(谓文德浅薄);文昭(文德昭著)。 10.文才;才华。亦谓有文才,有才华 [literary talent] 而文采不表于后世也。——汉? 司马迁《报任安书》 11(又如:文业(才学);文英(文才出众的人);文采风流(横溢的才华与潇洒的风度);文郎(有才华的青少年);文彦(有文才德行的人);文通残锦(比喻剩下不多的才华)。 12(文献,经典;韵文 [document;classics;verse] 儒以文乱法。——《韩非子?五蠹》 言必遵修旧文而不穿凿。——《说文解字?叙》 13(辞词句。亦指文字记载 [writings;record]。如:文几(旧时书信中开头常用的套语。意为将书信呈献于几前);文倒(文句颠倒);文过其实(文辞浮夸,不切实际);文义(文辞);文辞(言词动听的辞令);文绣(辞藻华丽)。 14(自然界的某些现象 [natural phenomenon] 经纬天地曰文。——《左传?昭公二十八年》 15(又如:天文;地文;水文;文象(日月星辰变化的迹象);文曜(指日月星辰;文星);文昌(星座名)。 16(文治;文事;文职。与“武”相对。 [achievements in culture and education;civilian post] 文能取胜。——《史记?平原君虞卿列传》 文不能取胜。 文武并用。——唐? 魏征《谏太宗十思疏》 精神折冲于千里,文武为宪于万邦。――明《袁可立晋秩兵部右侍郎诰》 17(又如:文臣,文吏(文职官吏);文席(教书先生的几席);文品(文官的品阶);文帅(文职官员出任或兼领统帅);文烈(文治显赫);文员(文职吏员);文阶(文职官阶);文道(文治之道);文业(文事);文僚(文职官吏)。 18(法令条文 [articles of decree] 而刀笔吏专深文巧诋,陷人于罪。——《史记?汲黯列传》 19(又如:文劾(根据律令弹劾);文法吏(通晓法令、执法严峻的官吏);文丈(规矩;);文移(官府文书);文牓(布告;文告);文宪(礼法;法制)。 20(文言。古代散文文体之一;别于白话的古汉语书面语 [literary language]。如:半文半白;文语;文白(文言文和白话文)。 21(文教;礼节仪式 [rites] 则修文德。——《论语?季氏》 22(又如:文丈(崇尚礼文仪节);文俗(拘守礼法而安于习俗);文致(指礼乐);文貌(礼文仪节);文绪(文教礼乐之事);文仪(礼节仪式) 23(指表现形式;外表 [form;appearance]。如:文服(表面服从);文榜(告示、布告之类);文诰(诰令) 24(指鼓乐,泛指曲调 [music;tune]。如:文曲(指乐曲);文始(舞乐名) (谥号,谥法:勤学好问叫文 [study deligently] 25 何以谓之文。——《论语》 是以谓之文。 26(姓 〈动〉 1(在肌肤上刺画花纹或图案 [tatto (the skin)] 被发文身。——《礼记?王制》。注:“谓其肌,以丹青涅之。” 文绣有恒。——《礼记?月令》 2(又如:文笔匠(在人身上刺花的艺人);文身断发(古代荆楚、南越一带的习俗。身刺花纹,截短头发,以为可避 水中蛟龙的伤害。后常以指落后地区的民俗);文木(刻镂以文采之木) 3(修饰;文饰 [cover up] 身将隐,焉用文之?——《左传?僖公二十三年》 饰邪说,文奸言,以枭乱天下。——《荀子?非十二子》 4(又如:文过饰非;文致(粉饰;掩饰);文冢(埋葬文稿之处) 5(装饰 [decorate] 舍其文轩。——《墨子?公输》 此犹文奸。 文车二驷。——明? 归有光《项脊轩志》 文马四百匹。——《史记?宋世家》 若将比予文木邪。——《庄子?人间世》 6(又如:文巧(文饰巧辩);文竿(以翠羽为饰之竿);文舫(装饰华丽的游艇);文饰(彩饰);文榭(饰以彩画的台榭); 文舟,文艘(装饰华丽的船);文剑(装饰华丽的剑);文舆(饰以彩绘的车) 7(撰写文章 [write]。如:文匠(写文章的大家);文祸(因写文章而招来的灾祸);文雄,文杰(指文豪) 〈形〉 1(有文采,华丽。与“质”或“野”相对 [magnificent;gorgeous] 其旨远,其辞文。——《易?系辞下》 晋公子广而俭,文而有礼。——《左传?僖公二十三年》 2(又如:文巧(华丽奇巧);文朴(文华与质朴);文服(华美的衣服);文砌(华美的石阶);文背(不文雅,粗俗);文轩(华 美的车子);文质(文华与质朴) 3.柔和,不猛烈 [mild;gentle]。如:文烈(指火候温猛) 4(美,善 [fine;good]。如:文徽(华美);文鸳(即鸳鸯。以其羽毛华美,故称);文衣(华美的服装) 5(通“紊”。紊乱的 [disordered] 惇宗将礼,称秩元祀,咸秩无文。——《书?洛诰》 天子祭天下名山大川,怀柔百神,咸秩无文。——《汉书?郊祀志上》 王者报功,以次秩之,无有文也。——庆劭《风俗通义?山泽》 〈量〉 1(用于旧时的铜钱。如:一文钱 2(用于计算纺织物 五扶为一首,五首成一文。——《后汉书》
/
本文档为【英语四级材料】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。 本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。 网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。

历史搜索

    清空历史搜索