近十五年英语四级十五选十

近十五年英语四级十五选十 1. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage, One in six. Believe it or not, that's the number of Americans who struggle with hanger To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding Action Month. , the nation’s largest 47 domestic hunger-relief organization has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, It's asking 48 communities across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 49 survive . It's the kind of work that's done every day at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, People who 50 gather at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren't looking for God-they're there for something to eat, St. Andrew's runs a food pantry(食品堂)that 51 Serves the city and several of the 52 Surroundings towns. Janet Drane is its manager. In the wake of the 53 Recession .the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 54 reported that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in 55 household where at least one adult is working."It used to be that one job was all you needed." says St. Andrew's Drane."The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they're still right on the edge 56 financially ." 注意:此部分请在答题卡2上作答。 A)survive I)formally 47. E. domestic B) surrounding J)financially 48. C. communities C)serves K)domestic 49. O. survive D)reviewed L)competition 50. H. gather E)reported M)communities 51. M. Serves 54. K. reported F)recession N)circling 52. N. Surroundings 55. I. household G)households O)accumulate 53. J. Recession 56. F. financially H)gather 2.With the world’s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47_ challenges _______ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48__ stable ______, sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 49__ stprogress ______ of the 21 century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50__ certainly ______ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51____ role ____ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52__ combined ______, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050. For example, even with 53__ significant ______ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54__ included ______ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55__ comprise ______ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56__ solutions ______ --- both traditional and alternative. A stable B solutions C significant D role E progress F marvelous G included H growth I exactly J consist K comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly 47. N) challenges 48. A) stable 49. E) progress 50. O) certainly 51. D) role 52. M) combined 53. C) significant 54. G) included 55. K) comprise 56. B) solutions 3.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people 47 tend to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 negative effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 efficiently straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is 50 associated with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 alert if they slept for longer periods, he said. "The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 function well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. "It's 53 definitely a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 younger . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 continuing to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 different from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75." A) alert B) associated C) attracting D) cling E) continuing F) definitely G) different H) efficiently I) formally J) function K) mixed L) negative M) sufficient N) tend O) younger 47. N) tend 48. L) negative 49. H) efficiently 50. B) associated 51. A) alert 52. J) function 53. F) definitely 54. O) younger 55. E) continuing 56. G) different 4 .What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 raised . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 displayed activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49.contributions to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 50 abilities to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 achieve based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 smart they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 proceeds to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly , science 54 indicates that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 essentially like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 evevtually appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 [A] abilities [E] contributions [L] psychological [I] extent [M] raised [B] achieve [F] displayed [J] indicates [N] smart [C] appeal [G] essentially [K] proceeds [O] standard [D] complaints [H] eventually 47.raised 48.displayed 49.contributions 50.abilities 51.achieve 52.smart 53.proceeds 54.indicates 55.essentially 56.evevtually 5.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47 incredibly __ wasteful to tear them all down and __48 replace __ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49 reduced __ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50 sense __, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51 powering __ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some __52 exceptions __, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __53 expand __ over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a __54_ vast _ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __55 historic __ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __56 protect __ property owners from rising power costs. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast 47. G incredibly 48. K replace 49. J reduced 50. L sense51. H powering52. D exceptions53. E expand54. O vast 55. F historic56. I protect 6.In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests. Researchers 47 recruited 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home. When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 recording all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. The scientists measured the 49 total number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 aspects of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked. Finally, the researchers 51 analyzed the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 quality of child care and the number of different words the father used. The researchers are 53 unsure why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect. “It’s well 54 established that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 already had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 contributing in a way we didn’t measure in the study.” 注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。 A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet 47.K recruited 48.J recording 49.L total 50.C aspects 51.B analyzed 52.H quality 53.N unsure 54.G established 55A already 56.E contributing 7 Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing . Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language . A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission 47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance 55. K profession 56 A closer 8 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. Abundant H. Escape O. Widen 52. I/ establishing B. Characters I. Establishing 53. B/ characters C. Communicating J. Narrow 47. F/ desire 54. A/ abundant D. Completely K. Naturally 48. K/ naturally 55. O/ widen E. Derive L. Personnel 49. H/ escape 56. M/ properly F. Desire M. Properly 50. G/ diversity G. Diversity N. Respect 51. N/ respect 9 Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders. A) accomplish F) declare K) news B) advanced G) interviews L) reduced C) balloon H)limited M) regret D) claim I) manufacture N) scary E) constantly J) moments O) totally 47.D) claim 48. H) limited 49. O) totally 50. G) interviews 51. M) regret 52. J) moments 53. B) advanced 54. N) scary 55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish 10 .As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace. The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology G) forward O) victims H) images 47. K. projects 48. M. role 49. A. acting 50. J. offers 51. D. cooperative 52. G. forward 53. F. especially 54. I. information 55. O. victims 56. E. entire.