全站仪测坐标详细步骤1

全站仪测坐标详细步骤1 全站仪测坐标详细步骤 、全站仪的功能介绍 1、角度测量(angle observation) (1)功能:可进行水平角、竖直角的测量。 (2)方法:与经纬仪相同，若要测出水平角? AOB ，则: 1)当精度要求不高时: 瞄准 A 点——置零( 0 SET )——瞄准 B 点，记下水平度盘 HR 的大小。 2)当精度要求高时: —— 可用测回法( method of observation set )。 操作步骤同用经纬仪操作一样，只是配置度盘时，按“置盘”( H SET )。 2、距离测量( distance measurement ) PSM 、PPM 的设置 —— 测距、测坐标、放样前。 1)棱镜常数(PSM )的设置。 一般: PRISM=0 (原配棱镜)，-30mm (国产棱镜) 2)大气改正数( PPM )(乘常数)的设置。 输入测量时的气温( TEMP )、气压( PRESS )，或经计算后，输入 PPM 的值。 (1)功能:可测量平距 HD 、高差 VD 和斜距 SD (全站仪镜点至棱镜镜点间高差及斜距) (2)方法:照准棱镜点，按“测量”( MEAS )。 3、坐标测量( coordinate measurement ) (1)功能:可测量目标点的三维坐标( X ， Y ， H )。 (2)测量原理 若输入:方位角 ，测站坐标( ， );测得:水平角 和平距 。则有: 方位角: 坐标: 若输入:测站 S 高程 ，测得:仪器高 i ，棱镜高 v ，平距 ，竖直角 ，则有: 高程: (3)方法: 输入测站 S ( X ， Y ，H )，仪器高 i ，棱镜高 v ——瞄准后视点 B ，将水平度盘读数设置为 ——瞄准目标棱镜点 T ，按“测量”，即可显示点 T 的三维坐标。 4、点位放样 (Layout) (1)功能:根据的待放样点 P 的坐标，在实地标出 P 点的平面位置及填挖高度。 (2)放样原理 1)在大致位置立棱镜，测出当前位置的坐标。 2)将当前坐标与待放样点的坐标相比较，得距离差值 dD 和角度差 dHR 或纵向差值Δ X 和横向差值Δ Y 。 3)根据显示的 dD 、dHR 或ΔX 、ΔY ，逐渐找到放样点的位置。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 5、程序测量( programs ) (1)数据采集 (data collecting) (2)坐标放样 (layout) (3)对边测量(MLM)、悬高测量(REM)、面积测量(AREA)、后方交会(RESECTION) 等。 (4)数据存储管理。包括数据的传输、数据文件的操作(改名、删除、查阅)。 ? 7.2 TOPCON GTS-312 全站仪使用简介 一、仪器面板外观和功能说明 面板上按键功能如下: ——进入坐标测量模式键。 ? ——进入距离测量模式键。 ANG ——进入角度测量模式键。 MENU ——进入主菜单测量模式键。 ESC ——用于中断正在进行的操作，退回到上一级菜单。 POWER ——电源开关键 ? ? ——光标左右移动键 ? ? ——光标上下移动、翻屏键 F1 、 F2 、 F3 、 F4 ——软功能键，其功能分别对应显示屏上相应位置显示的命令。 显示屏上显示符号的含义: V ——竖盘读数;HR ——水平读盘读数(右向计数);HL ——水平读盘读数(左向计数); 望远镜至棱镜间高差; SD ——斜距; * —— HD ——水平距离; VD ——仪器 正在测距; N ——北坐标，x ; E ——东坐标，y ; Z ——天顶方向坐标，高程H 。 二、全站仪几种测量模式介绍 1、角度测量模式 功能:按 ANG 进入，可进行水平角、竖直角测量，倾斜改正开关设置。 第 1 页 F1 OSET :设置水平读数为:0?00ˊ00"。 F2 HOLD :锁定水平读数。 F3 HSET :设置任意大小的水平读数。 F4 P1?: 进入第 2 页。 第 2 页 F1 TILT :设置倾斜改正开关。 F2 REP : 复测法。 F3 V% : 竖直角用百分数显示。 F4 P2?: 进入第 3 页。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 第 3 页 F1 H-BZ :仪器每转动水平角 90?时，是否要蜂鸣声。 F2 R/L :右向水平读数 HR/ 左向水平读数 HL 切换，一般用 HR 。 F3 CMPS :天顶距 V/ 竖直角 CMPS 的切换，一般取 V 。 F4 P3?:进入第 1 页。 2、距离测量模式 功能:按 ? 进入，可进行水平角、竖直角、斜距、平距、高差测量及 PSM 、 PPM 、距离单位等设置。 第 1 页 F1 MEAS :进行测量。 F2 MODE :设置测量模式， Fine/coarse/tragcking(精测/粗测/跟踪)。 F3 S/A : 设置棱镜常数改正值( PSM )、大气改正值( PPM )。 F4 P1 ?:进入第 2 页。 第 2 页 F1 OFSET :偏心测量方式。 F2 SO :距离放样测量方式。 F3 m/f/i :距离单位米 / 英尺 / 英寸的切换。 F4 P2?: 进入第 1 页。 3、坐标测量模式 功能:按 进入，可进行坐标( N ， E ， H )、水平角、竖直角、斜距测量及 PSM 、 PPM 、距离单位等设置。 第 1 页 F1 MEAS :进行测量。 F2 MODE :设置测量模式， Fine/Coarse/Tracking 。 F3 S/A :设置棱镜改正值( PSM )，大气改正值( PPM )常数。 F4 P1?:进入第 2 页。 第 2 页 F1 R.HT :输入棱镜高。 F2 INS.HT :输入仪器高。 F3 OCC :输入测站坐标。 F4 P2?:进入第 3 页。 第 3 页 F1 OFSET :偏心测量方式。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway F2 ——— F3 m/f/i: 距离单位米 / 英尺 / 英寸切换。 F4 P3?:进入第 1 页。 4、主菜单模式 功能:按 MENU 进入，可进行数据采集、坐标放样、程序执行、内存管理(数据文件编辑、传输及查询)、参数设置等。 三、全站仪功能简介 测量前，要进行如下设置——按 ? 或 ，进入距离测量或坐标测量模式，再按第 1 页的 S/A ( F3 )。 1、棱镜常数 PRISM 的设置——进口棱镜多为 0 ，国产棱镜多为-30mm。(具体见说明书) 2、大气改正值 PPM 的设置——按“ T-P ”，分别在“ TEMP. ”和“ PRES. ” 栏，输入测量时的气温、气压。(或者按照说明书中的公式计算出 PPM 值后，按“ PPM ”直接输入)。 说明: PRISM 、 PPM 设置后，在没有新设置前，仪器将保存现有设置。 (一)角度测量 按 ANG 键，进入测角模式(开机后默认的模式)，其水平角、竖直角的测量方法与经纬仪操作方法基本相同。照准目标后，记录下仪器显示的水平度盘读 V 。 数 HR 和竖直度盘读数 (二)距离测量 先按 ? 键，进入测距模式，瞄准棱镜后，按 F1 ( MEAS )，记录下仪器测站点至棱镜点间的平距 HD 、镜头与镜头间的斜距 SD 和镜头与镜头间的高差 VD 。 (三)坐标测量 1、按 ANG 键，进入测角模式，瞄准后视点 A 。 2、按 HSET ，输入测站 O 至后视点 A 的坐标方位角 。 如:输入 65.4839 ，即输入了 。 3、按 键， 进入坐标测量模式。按 P?， 进入第 2 页。 4、按 OCC ，分别在 N 、 E 、 Z 输入测站坐标( X0 ,Y0 ,H0 )。 5、按 P?，进入第 2 页，在 INS.HT 栏，输入仪器高。 6、按 P?，进入第 2 页，在 R.HT 栏，输入 B 点处的棱镜高。 7、瞄准待测量点 B ，按 MEAS ，得 B 点的( XB ,YB ,HB )。 (四)零星点的坐标放样(不使用文件) 1、按 MENU ，进入主菜单测量模式。 2、按 LAYOUT ，进入放样程序，再按 SKP ，略过使用文件。 3、按 OOC.PT ( F1 )，再按 NEZ ，输入测站 O 点的坐标( X0 ,Y0 ,H0 );并在 INS.HT 一栏，输入仪器高。 4、按 BACKSIGHT ( F2 )，再按 NE/AZ ，输入后视点 A 的坐标( xA , yA );若不知 A 点坐标而已知坐标方位角 ，则可再按 AZ ，在 HR 项输入 的值。瞄准 A 点，按 YES 。 5、按 LAYOUT ( F3 )，再按 NEZ ，输入待放样点 B 的坐标( xB , yB,HB )及测杆单棱镜的镜高后，按 ANGLE( F1 )。使用水平制动和水平微动螺旋，使urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 显示的 dHR=0?00ˊ00"，即找到了 OB 方向，指挥持测杆单棱镜者移动位置，使棱镜位于 OB 方向上。 6、按 DIST ，进行测量，根据显示的 dHD 来指挥持棱镜者沿 OB 方向移动，若 dHD 为正，则向 O 点方向移动;反之若 dHD 为负，则向远处移动，直至 dHD=0 时，立棱镜点即为 B 点的平面位置。 7、其所显示的 dZ 值即为立棱镜点处的填挖高度，正为挖，负为填。 8、按 NEXT ——反复 5 、6 两步，放样下一个点 C 。 提问人的追问 2011-03-13 16:22 虽然是答非所问鬼扯一番，但是看到你复制粘贴的都那么垃?圾，我就莫名的有了自信，所以你配得上我给的分 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway