现在完成式

现在完成式 .。 二. 肯定句：主詞＋ have（has）＋過去分詞（p.p.）＋…. 否定句：主詞＋ have（has）not ＋過去分詞（p.p.）＋…. 疑問句：Have（Has）＋主詞＋過去分詞（p.p.）＋…. ？ . A. 現在「剛剛完成」或「尚未完成」的動作。常與副詞just（剛剛）， already（已經），yet（尚未）連用。 例：1. He has already seen the movie. = He has seen the movie already. 2. Sue has just seen the movie. 3. We have not read the book yet. 4. Have you done it yet？ ※ 1. already通常用於肯定句，yet用於否定句和疑問句。 ※ 2. just 放在p.p.之前，already可放在p.p.之前或句尾，yet通常放在句尾。 B. 從過去繼續到現在的動作或狀態。常與下列時間副詞連用： for；since； how long（多久）；lately（最近）。 例：1. A: How long have you had that dog? B: I’ve had him for two years. 2. A: How long have you lived in Kaohsiung? B: I’ve lived here since I was born. 3. A: How long has Tom been sick? B: He has been sick since yesterday. 4. We haven't seen him lately. C. 到目前為止「已有或未有的經驗」。常與下列表次數的副詞連用： ever（曾經），once，twice，three times，many times，before，never, so far…。 例：1. Have you ever swum at the beach？ 2. How many times have you ever been to Tokyo? 3. He has seen that movie three times. 4. I have never written an English letter. 5. It’s a great movie. We’ve seen it twice. ※ have（has）been to ＋地方 【曾經到過某地而且已回來，用來表示（經驗）， 不限人稱。】 例：Tom has been to America several times. ? Tom is not in America now. ※ has gone to＋地方 【已經去某地了，表示動作的完成，主詞只能使用第三人稱。】 例：My sister has already gone to America. ? My sister may be on the way to America or in America. ※ 在最高級形容詞的句子中，後面子句的動詞常用現在完成式。 例：1. This is the longest train that I have (ever) taken. 2. It is the biggest elephant that I have (ever) seen. 3. Jay is the most handsome singer that I have (ever) known. ※ 使用「疑問副詞」when（何時），不可用現在完成式。 例：When has he arrived? (×) 要改為 ? When did he arrive? （他何時到達的？） 要改為 ? When will he arrive? （他將會何時到達？） The Present Perfect -- Worksheet Exercise A. Answer these questions truthfully! Say: Yes, I have. or No, I haven’t. Have you … 1. washed your face today? 2. brushed your teeth today? 3. taken a shower today? 4. combed your hair today? 5. eaten your breakfast today? 6. said “good morning” to your parents today? 7. said “good morning” to your homeroom teacher today? 8. seen your math teacher today? 9. read today’s newspaper? 10. been on a bus today? Exercise B. What’s the word? 1. A: Have you (eat) ________ lunch yet? B: Yes. I ________ a few minutes ago. 2. A: Have you (make) ________ plans for the trip to New York? B: Yes. I ________ them yesterday. 3. A: Have you (see) ________ the new Walt Disney movie yet? B: Yes. I ________ it last Sunday. 4. A: Have you (finish) ________ your work yet? B: Yes. I ________ it one hour ago. 5. A: Have you (take) ________ your medicine yet? B: Yes. I ________ it ten minutes ago. 6. A: Has Mother (go) ________ to the post office yet? B: Yes. She ________ there this morning. 7. A: Has Mary (write) ________ a letter to her parents yet? B: Yes. She ________ it last night. 8. A: Has John (buy) ________ a watch yet? B: Yes. He ________ one yesterday. 9. A: Has Tom (read) ________ the interesting comic book yet? B: Yes. He ________ it last week. Exercise C. Look at the chart. Answer the questions with since and for. Name Event Starting Date Present Date 1 John know Harry 1995 2008 2 Mary study English 2001 2008 3 Mr. Li work at the hospital 1999 2008 4 Ms. Wang live in Taipei July 1 September 1 5 They be on the farm January 1 December 31 1. How long has John known Harry? ? John has known Harry since 1995. ? John has known Harry for thirteen years. 2. How long has Mary studied English? ? ___________________________________________________________________ ? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. How long has Mr. Li worked at the hospital? ? ___________________________________________________________________ ? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. How long has Ms. Wang lived in Taipei? ? ___________________________________________________________________ ? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. How long have they been on the farm? ? ___________________________________________________________________ ? ___________________________________________________________________ Exercise D. Answer these questions truthfully! How long have you … 1. lived in Kaohsiung? 2. studied in this school? 3. learned English? 4. loved basketball? 5. enjoyed dancing? 6. hated math? 7. known (Tom)? 8. been in this class? Exercise E. Finish the sentence “I have been here….” by using since or for. I have been here… 1. two months. 2. September. 3. 1998. 4. last year. 5. two years. 6. last Friday. 7. 9:30. 8. three days. 9. almost four months. 10. the first of January. 11. about five weeks. 12. fifteen minutes. 13. yesterday. 14. the semester started. Exercise F. Finish the sentences with since or for. 1. I came to this city six months ago. I am still here. I have been in this city six months. 2. Kim has been in this city January. 3. It’s now two o’clock. Carmen has been in class one o’clock. 4. Eric has been an engineer 1994. 5. My parents are visiting me this week. They have been here five days. 6. They have been here last Saturday. 7. My friend is very ill. She has been in the hospital four days. 8. I hope the weather gets warmer soon. It’s been cold and rainy two weeks. Exercise G. Fill in. 1. Maria got some bad news last week. She (be) sad since she (get) the bad news. 2. I started school when I was five years old. I (be) in school since I (be) five years old. 3. Ann’s brother arrived a few days ago to visit her. She loves her brother and is happy to be with him. She (be) happy since her brother (come) . 4. The weather was hot and dry for many weeks. Two days ago it rained. The weather (be) cool and wet since it (rain) two days ago. 5. Jack broke his leg five days ago. He’s in the hospital. He (be) in the hospital since he (break) his leg. 6. Since the semester (begin) , we (have) four tests. 7. I (have, not) any problems since I (come) here. Exercise H. Directions: Find someone and ask him/her one of the following questions, and then ask him/her to sign his/her name on the blank. The same signature can only appear once. Have you ever been to… Yes. No. Signature 1. a soccer game? 2. the beach? 3. the movie theater? 4. Kenting National Park? 5. Yushan? 6. Japan? 7. New York? Have you ever … Yes. No. Signature 1. cooked a meal? 2. used a cell phone? 3. seen a dinosaur? 4. lost your money? 5. climbed a tree? 6. broken your arm? 7. had a part-time job? 8. taken an airplane? 9. seen snow? 10. ridden a scooter? 11. dyed your hair? 12. drunk a beer? 13. stayed up all night? 14. met someone famous? 15. swum in the ocean? 16. seen a UFO? 17. talked to an American? 18. seen ghosts? 19. played on-line games? 20. driven a car? Exercise I. Translation. 1. 不要擔心。我已經完成我的自然科學作業。 2. 我父親剛剛回到家。 3. 我從未看過你叔叔。 4. 我還沒做完功課，但湯姆已經完成。 5. Amy 已經吃完早餐了嗎？ 6. 你曾經住在台北過嗎？ 7. 我們住在這裡已十多年了。 8. 自從我是小孩我就一直住在這裡。 9. 自從他們搬去台北，他們就一直住在那裡。 10. 他們曾經到過墾丁國家公園兩次。 豆丁网（DocIn）是全球优秀的C2C文档销售与分享社区。 豆丁允许用户上传包括 .pdf, .doc, .ppt, .txt 在内的数十种格式的文档文 件，并以Flash Player的形式在网页中直接展示给读者。简而言之，豆丁就如同文 档版的Youtube。现在每天都有数以万计的文档会上传到豆丁，正基于此，豆丁将 致力构建全球最大的中文图书馆。 豆丁努力使世界上任何人都能够自由地发挥他们的创造力。文档资料只通过少 数、单一的出版物来传播的时代已经结束。现在，互联网给文档资料提供了世界范 围内的传播渠道，豆丁希望能够给每个独立的文档持有者利用这个新机会的方法。 现在，我们为原创人群提供安全、自由、民主、便利的文档发布与营销平台。借助 豆丁，你可以为你的文档定价，并通过豆丁发表到不同博客、论坛、联盟中，进行 广泛传播，在分享的同时获得收入回报。