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去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了

2018-05-01 50页 doc 125KB 27阅读

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去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了 去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了,铂金与黄金的价格差收窄,但黄金价格依然较高。 铂金和黄金之间的价格差已经开始收窄,因为不断好转的汽车需求数据支撑了这种白色金属,但是,铂金的价格不太可能会在短期内超过黄金的价格。 从历史上讲,铂金通常要贵过黄金,但这种情况在去年9月末的时候发生了转变,当时黯淡的世界经济前景打击了像铂金这样的工业金属,并且市场选择买入黄金进行避险或者作为一种替代性货币。黄金与铂金之间的价格差在去年12月初创下了记录高点,当时每盎司黄金的价格比铂金高出200多美元。 自最...
去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了
去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了 去年铂金价格和黄金价格就已经倒挂了,铂金与黄金的价格差收窄,但黄金价格依然较高。 铂金和黄金之间的价格差已经开始收窄,因为不断好转的汽车需求数据支撑了这种白色金属,但是,铂金的价格不太可能会在短期内超过黄金的价格。 从历史上讲,铂金通常要贵过黄金,但这种情况在去年9月末的时候发生了转变,当时黯淡的世界经济前景打击了像铂金这样的工业金属,并且市场选择买入黄金进行避险或者作为一种替代性货币。黄金与铂金之间的价格差在去年12月初创下了记录高点,当时每盎司黄金的价格比铂金高出200多美元。 自最高点起,黄金与铂金之间的价格差现在已经收窄至大约100美元。 道明证券(TD Securities)的商品策略主管巴特?梅莱克表示:“可以肯定的是,铂金因市场关于全球需求的担忧而受伤。” 铂金未来价格走势,铂金和黄金价格还会倒挂吗,铂金未来价格还会低于黄金吗 一位铂金交易商表示,铂金价格的急剧下滑(包括与黄金之间价格差的拉大以及市价自身的下滑)吸引了工业买盘兴趣。 “当铂金价格跌至一定低点后,我们看到会出现一些工业和期货铂金的买入,”他说道,“随着价格的上涨,工业铂金的购买量也上升。最活跃的NYMEX4月期金去年12月末收于1,347.60美元/盎司的低点。而本周二晚些时候报价却接近于1,593美元附近。 斯特利伯尔预计铂金价格将继续上涨,与黄金的价差也将继续收窄。随着南非供应问题的继续,无论有关劳工问题还是南非国内的电力供应商Eskom在提供足够能源来运营矿产上存在问题都将支撑铂金价格走高。 “如果美国推出QE3(第三轮量化宽松),那么金价将上涨,其他商品价格也将被推动走高,”他说道。 梅莱克同样青睐于铂金,但并不认为铂金价格会超越金价。除了上面提到的南非面临的困境以外,目前的铂金价格太低了,以至于令很多矿商们很难继续维系,他说道。如果美元走软,尤其对南非兰特走软的话,那么这将会对铂金价格起到支撑。 “这些天铂金是个不错的选择,”梅莱克说道,他预计到今年第四季度铂金的均价将达到1,900美元左右。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 不过这并不意味着黄金和铂金的价差会出现反转。到今年第四季度,他预计金价将达到2,150美元,这将依然令铂金价格仅仅保持在金价的90%左右。 2012金价能突破前期高点吗,2012黄金市场看好吗,2012年黄金价格走势预测 (2012-02-07 10:13:17) 转载? 郭博思,世界黄金协会投资部董事总经理。过去的2011年,在全球黄金需求激增的带动下,国际金价创造了一个又一个历史纪录。与此同时,国内黄金市场也迎来了大发展,投资产品迭出、交易量上升。下面由郭博思就2012年黄金市场的走势以及中国市场的发展前景问题发表的一些见解。 对于2012年黄金市场,大多数机构都较为看好,您怎么看?金价能突破前期高点吗? 郭博思:展望2012年,黄金市场很可能仍会保持强劲势头。这其中主要是由于中国的需求带动,大部分来源于珠宝及投资需求环节。与此同时,欧洲方面,受到欧债危机及相关措施的影响,金条、金币和ETF(交易所上市基金)等投资需求依然强劲。此外,印度货币相对美元的升值也会促进一季度该地区黄金需求的增长。可以说,在并不乐观的经济前景下,债务问题或将引起更多流动性的注入,市场对黄金的投资需求可能会进一步放大。 2012金价能突破前期高点吗,2012黄金市场看好吗,2012年黄金价格走势预测 值得注意的是,央行去年也买入了大量黄金,450吨买入量是继1971年以来最多的一次。从需求端来说,现在很难看到有负面的情况,因此我们总体看好2012年金市。 至于金价,我认为中期仍旧较为乐观。有很多银行分析家通过均值回归预测,认为金价后市将低于去年的高点,但我们并不同意,因为长期来看,中国黄金市场仍处于发展通道。 今年一季度欧债将面临集中偿付,这是否会导致黄金被银行和机构大量抛售? 郭博思:我认为不大可能出现银行机构抛售黄金的情况,而是会被作为质押物的形式运用。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 的确,欧债危机将在一季度达到峰值,看上去较难解决。自从去年圣诞节以来,欧洲央行已经以长期再融资(LTRO)形式向欧元区注入4500亿欧元。但注入商业银行的资金还需通过质押贷款流入市场,这样才能促进实体经济。因此,欧盟的流动性确实存在问题,目前只有欧央行的量化宽松(QE)可以暂时解决。为了避免希腊债务违约,市场应该还会有更大规模的救助计划。 但银行变卖黄金储备的可能性很小,这其中也存在结构性问题。在欧盟,欧洲央行黄金储备为500吨,其他6000吨在欧元区各国央行,其中最大是意大利 2400多吨。当然,如果欧盟金融机构出现系统性危机,可能会卖出黄金。但由于央行法律制约,很难出现大量出售的情况,此外,按6500吨黄金储备 4000亿欧元的价值来看,也很难去平衡债务。我认为更可行的方式是以部分黄金作为质押发行债券,从而使欧债更具吸引力,这也是欧盟正在讨论的。 金价周四上涨,连续第二日打破和欧元的联动关系,美股在经济乐观情绪的推动下上涨,进而扶助金价连续第五日录得涨幅.由于欧元走弱以及伊朗紧张局势而导致市场避险情绪蔓延,国际黄金期价5日继续收高,为连续第四个交易日上涨,当天收盘价也创下去年12月13日以来的最高水平。 迄今金价不仅收复了上周失地,而且还录得涨幅.上周金价一度短暂跌入熊市区域.金价继12月最低下挫11%後的反弹之势,正促使分析师称,金价开始逆转过去两个月与欧元及较高风险资产同步而行的趋势. 当日,纽约商品交易所黄金期货市场交投最活跃的2月合约收于每盎司1620.1美元,比前一交易日上涨7.4美元,涨幅为0.5%。 黄金未来会涨到多少,2012年黄金会涨到多少 市场分析师说,当天欧元持续走弱是支撑黄金上涨的主要因素,5日欧元对美元汇率跌至1.28以下,导致投资者纷纷抛售欧元而增加黄金购买。 另外,随着伊朗紧张局势升级,大量资金不断涌入黄金市场以求避险,也在一定程度上支撑了金价。英国国防大臣日前表示,如果伊朗对霍尔木兹海峡实施封锁,英国将对此采取军事行动。 ,金价近期的修正走势主要是受基金年末调整仓位驱动. Bailin称 汇丰和巴克莱下调了2012年的金价预估,但仍维持看多观点.这两者对2012年金价预估的下调幅度均超过每盎司100美元.去年黄金累计上涨10%,为连续第11年录得年度上涨,然而却是三年来的最小年度涨幅. 纽约市场黄金价格从2011年年底以来,已经连续上涨了4个交易日,涨幅达5.2%,为近10周以来持续时间最长的上涨。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 当天3月份交货的白银期货价格上涨19.9美分,收于每盎司29.296美元,涨幅为0.68%。1月份交货的白金期货价格每盎司下跌8.3美元,收于1418美元,跌幅为0.58%。 铂金价格17年来首次低于黄金 铂金不宜投资 , 2008年12月18日 14:56 , 来源:大河网 , , [发表评论] 移动用户发送HNZB到10658000,订阅河南手机报。早报+晚报,每天一角钱。 大河网讯 ?记者董畅岩 本报讯 自从今年上半年从每盎司,,,,多美元的历史高点下跌以来,铂金价格一路下行。本周一国际市场黄金价格达到每盎司,,,(,美元,超过了铂金每盎司,,,美元的报价,这是黄金价格自,,,,年,月以来首次高于铂金价格。 记者昨天走访省会市场发现,虽然国际铂金价格一路下挫,但是珠宝专柜的铂金首饰价格仍然在每克,,,元~,,,元之间,远远高于黄金首饰的价格。分析人士对此提醒说,铂金的价格基本上是由供求关系决定的,铂金首饰的投资功能较弱。 铂金首饰仍居于高位 昨天,上海黄金交易所铂金现货品种,,,,,,的价格出现小幅上涨,由每克,,,元涨到了每克,,,元。 记者昨天在郑州市花园路几家商场看到,纯度,,,的,,,,,首饰的价格在每克,,,元左右;而纯度,,,的,,,,,的价格最低是每克,,,元。 在一些品牌珠宝专柜,部分按照单件商品“一口价”出售的铂金首饰,其价格算下来每克,,,多元。昨天省会市场的千足金首饰价格每克,,,元左右。与国内金交所的现货原料价格相比,铂金首饰的价格仍然远远高于黄金首饰。据业内人士介绍,铂金主要用于工业,例如用于生产汽车催化剂等。由于金融危机的影响,全球汽车行业步入衰退,这是造成今年,月以来铂金价格大幅下跌的主要原因。 据市场人士介绍,目前虽然国际铂金价格大降,但是省会的珠宝商销售的可能还是前期铂金价格居于高位时的进货,因此销售价格仍然居于高位。 铂金首饰不宜投资 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 今年年初,国际市场上铂金价格一路高歌猛进,从每盎司,,,,美元直冲至,月,日,,,,美元的顶峰。不过,随后铂金价格迅速下跌,,月中旬曾跌至,,,美元,目前仍在,,,美元左右。短短半年时间,铂金价格的跌幅在,,,左右。 与此同时,国内铂金价格也演绎着“过山车”行情。上海黄金交易所铂金,,,,,,从年初的每克,,,元猛涨至每克,,,元的高价。 在省会郑州市,铂金首饰的价格最高曾经达到每克,,,多元。随后,国内铂金价格也随着国际市场一路下跌,最低曾跌到每克,,,元,逼近黄金价格。 投资专家指出,与黄金不同,铂金虽然也是贵金属,但是并不具有货币属性;同时与黄金饰品相比,铂金首饰的变现相对困难,因此铂金首饰并不适合投资。 暴涨暴跌之后,黄金首饰价格年末开始企稳,专家提醒: “抄底”金饰需理性 ?记者董畅岩 本报讯 ,,,,年的黄金价格仿佛坐上了过山车,自从今年,月创出每盎司,,,,多美元的历史新高以后,突然急速下跌。今年,,月终端市场的黄金首饰价格最低曾经跌至每克,,,多元的多年以来最低价。 记者昨天走访省会市场发现,前期一再下挫的千足金首饰价格出现稳步上扬,目前维持在每克,,,元左右。 对于不少消费者来说,与上半年每克近,,,元的高位相比,眼下每克,,,元左右的黄金价格不算高,再加上临近岁末,黄金首饰再度热销。不过,投资专家对此提醒,目前国际金价处于平稳,对于普通消费者来说,购买黄金首饰的时机较好,但是作为投资需要理性。 金价今年坐上“过山车” ,,,,年的国际黄金价格,仿佛坐上了“过山车”,自,月创出历史新高每盎司,,,,(,,美元以来,突然急速下跌,金价一路下跌至,,月,,日每盎司,,,(,美元,直至临近年末,国际金价才艰难重回每盎司,,,美元大关。 今年国内金价走势也同样大涨大跌,今年,月,,日,国内金价达到历史顶峰,每克超过,,,元,但随后跟随国际金价下跌,直到,,月,,日创出今年最低价每克,,,(,元,而目前徘徊在每克,,,元左右。 记者走访省会市场发现,目前千足金首饰的价格在每克,,,元左右,与上周相比出现了,,元左右的涨幅。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 年底购金需理性 记者昨天走访省会市场发现,临近年底,黄金饰品的销售进入旺季,再加上前期金价出现大幅回落,包括各种投资金条、工艺金条、黄金首饰、黄金摆件等在内金饰都出现旺销。 在郑州市花园路一家商场,记者看到,一种规格为,克~,克不等的千足金“金钱”受到不少消费者关注。在郑州市农业路一家商场,一家珠宝专柜的促销员告诉记者,目前该品牌小克重的千足金挂件卖得很好。 “如今黄金首饰零售市场每克,,,元的水平,差不多相当于两年前同期的销售价格,对消费者来说,已进入合理的价格区间,是一个较好的购买机会。”一位业内人士分析。 不过,同时有专家特别指出,黄金虽然有投资保值功能,但金首饰基本上只是消费品,几乎没有什么投资功能,消费者盲目“抄底”黄金首饰需要慎重。专家提醒说,只有购买具有回购功能的投资金条,才算进行实物黄金投资,黄金首饰并没有什么投资功能,目前市场上原料金回收价仅在每克,,,元~,,,元之间,如果以投资目的买金首饰,不排除出现“被套”。(大河报) 铂金价格比黄金还低 短线最该买铂金 2011年09月19日 13:53 来源: 钱经 【字体:大 中 小】 网友评论 我们日常所说的白金和铂金是一回事,但要注意的是K白金是其他贵金属的混合物,价值比铂金低,小心尖心商家的忽悠。 2011年童话般的世纪婚礼中,威廉王子用当年母亲的那枚铂金镶嵌蓝宝石的订婚戒指向女友凯蒂求婚,仿佛重现了昔年查尔斯与戴安娜曾经相爱的一幕。铂金作为贵金属中的贵金属,以纯净、稀有、永恒的特性,任时光流转依旧闪亮如新,比黄金更受到人们的追捧。 铂金在自然界中比黄金更加稀少,我们从铂金、黄金价格走势图中可以看到,作为贵金属中的贵族,从2000年起铂金的价格就维持在黄金的2倍上下,直到2008年金融危机,铂金、黄金价格均出现下滑,但铂金下滑的更为猛烈,不仅没有维持住2倍的价格比,一段时间内铂金价格甚至比黄金还低,出现了价格倒挂。而2011年8月9日,铂金、黄金价格倒挂现象历史上第二次出现。 铂金的商品属性 铂金价格之所以2008年超过60,的下滑,而当年黄金却跌幅不深,是由于黄金金融属性强,商品属性弱,而铂金却恰恰相反,商品属性强,受经济波动影响大。铂金的最大消费在于汽车尾气净化催化剂和电子、玻璃、化工的工业需求。铂金2008年初因短缺而创下近2300美元/盎司的历史高价,可好景不长,2008年下半年全球金融危机爆发,汽车需求一蹶不振,电子、CRT显像管、化工等行业铂金需求也大幅下滑,2009年铂金需求量陷入了多would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 年来的低点,但由于危机的逐步过去,虽然2009年铂金供应大幅过剩,但由于2008年底铂金、黄金价格倒挂,步入2009年中国经济快速增长,突然跳低的铂金价格引起了中国民众的铂金热,当年中国首饰对铂金需求达创纪录的64.7吨,弥补了很大一块汽车及工业下降的铂金需求,推动2009年铂金远超黄金的上涨速度。 今年汽车制造业数据没有那么悲观 虽然上半年欧洲债务问题持续发酵,美国失业率连续走高,但作为铂金最大消耗去向的汽车制造业,仍然交出了一份不错的答卷。 2011年1-7月,德国市场的乘用车累计销量达到了188万辆,同比增幅为10.4,,给长期萎靡不振的欧洲带来了曙光,法国、西班牙车市也看到了停止下跌的希望,而葡萄牙、意大利和英国一如他们糟糕的经济,汽车销量继续走低。从整体看,拥有28国成员的欧洲汽车制造商协会ACEA所公布的数据显示,上半年度欧洲汽车总销售量为750万辆,仅较去年同期少了2,。 受地震影响的日本,2011年上半年日本汽车产量同比下滑了29.2,,各大日系车商表示其世界各地工厂的产能将很快恢复,日本钢厂正计划三季度增产来满足需求。 今年1-7月,中国汽车累计产销1046.24万辆和1060.18万辆,突破千万辆大关,同比增长2.33,和3.22,,7月销量更是增长了7.6,,另一汽车大国美国也传来喜讯,7月销量增长1,。而巴西7月汽车产销量分别上涨了3.9,和0.6,,南非汽车销量7月增长了11,,俄罗斯7月汽车销量更是增长了27,,达22.4万辆,有望在未来成为欧洲最大汽车市场。 韩国汽车研究所《上半年世界汽车市场动向》统计显示,新兴市场的崛起以及美国市场的好转使得今年上半年的全球汽车销量增加了5.8,至3671万辆。因为新兴市场的汽车销量远没有达到欧美的饱和程度,而欧美目前低利率,信贷宽松,汽车厂商加大的优惠,都更吸引欧美消费者,综合来看欧美经济即使真的出现二次探底,由于上半年的好基础,今年全球的汽车销量仍将维持增长的概率更大。 工业需求不减 德国市场研究集团GFK公司预测2011年,全球电子消费品销售与零售额将增长6个百分点,达到9373亿美元,苹果全系列产品的热销,市值超过埃克森美孚石油坐上全球第一就是例证。2010年,全球电子消费品零售额增长了19个百分点,此前2009年,由于萧条的经济大环境,全球电子消费品零售额下滑了5个百分点。 今年旺盛的需求刺激了全球化工产品的价格上涨,上半年A股化工股票牛股倍出,相关上市公司纷纷交出了亮丽的半年报印证了行业的景气。 研究机构DisplaySearch日前发布最新市场报告称,2011年全球液晶电视出货规模预期为2.1亿台,中国占去了四成市场,全球传统CRT电视仍有大量需要更换,促使国内各厂商不断宣布新液晶生产线的上马。而不论老的CRT还是新的液晶都是铂金消耗大户。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 投资需求拉动铂金上涨 同黄金不断上涨的ETF持仓一样,铂金ETF持仓量得不断上升,也支撑着铂金价格。美国铂金ETF在2010年初在纽约股票交易所开始交易,半年时间里持仓量就达到了30万盎司上下,而到2011年6月份,持仓量上涨到了42万盎司的高位,也就是说单单美国这一只ETF,一年半以来就吸纳了11.9吨的铂金(1吨=35273盎司)。而随着欧债、美债持续发酵,避险资金纷纷寻找避风港,在当前黄金价格触及历史高位,甚至与铂金出现倒挂的情况下,一部分资金抛出黄金买入铂金是正常的选择,且现货黄金、铂金价格出现倒挂,使得首饰、金条类黄金价格已经大幅接近白金,部分购买黄金的民众在看到铂金价格近略高于黄金价格的情况下,也会转而购买眼中更珍贵的铂金。 且各大期货交易所铂金成交量也同黄金一样持续上升,黄金价格短期内找不到做空的理由,倒挂的价格支撑了铂金的上涨,按2009年首次倒挂后的表现,如果黄金真如高盛预测将到达2500美金的新高度,那么铂金到达这一高度的速度可能更快。银行8月9日发布贵金属日报就称,鉴于目前的市场环境,现在彻底做空黄金是需要很大勇气的,投资者可能在按照铂金黄金价格比投资,看多黄金,但是更看多铂金。 国债期货中止17年将重启:下周一仿真交易 最高杠杆33 倍 2012年02月10日 04:46 来源: 中国网 【字体:大 中 小】 网友评论 “从仿真交易的合约设定来看,合约标的为100万元,3%的保证金比例,使得参与一手合约需要3万元资金,1万元保证金即可撬动33万元合约价值的国债期货。”一期货业内人士表示,合约33倍的杠杆率明显高于股指期货约5倍多的杠杆率,而参与门槛目前来看也适合更多的投资者。 1995年发生的327国债事件~是中国证券史上最黑暗一页~直接导致辉煌一时的万国证券衰败~并被最为强劲的竞争对手申银证券合并。新华社 资料 中止17年的中国国债期货将重启。昨日,中国金融期货交易所(下称“中金所”)宣布将于2月13日正式启动国债期货仿真交易。 此前,国债期货作为中国金融期货的先驱,曾于1992年开始进行过交易试点,试点交易历时两年半之后,1995年发生的“327”国债事件,使得监管层于当年5月叫停了中国国债期货交易。 市场人士认为,随着2010年融资融券和股指期货相继推出,为股市规避系统性风险提供了高效的风险管理工具,中国恢复和发展国债期货交易的必要性和可行性逐渐具备。而下周一开始的仿真交易,即为中国国债期货将要重启的前奏。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 仿真交易一手3万 根据中金所消息,下周一开始的国债期货仿真交易选择了面额为100万元,票面利率为3%的5年期名义标准国债为合约标的。 合约月份为最近的三个季月(3、6、9、12季月循环);每日价格最大波动限制为上一交易日结算价的?2%;最低交易保证金为合约价值的3%;交割方式为实物交割,可交割债券为在最后交割日剩余期限4-7年(不含7年)的固定利息国债;合约代码为TF。 “从仿真交易的合约设定来看,合约标的为100万元,3%的保证金比例,使得参与一手合约需要3万元资金,1万元保证金即可撬动33万元合约价值的国债期货。”一期货业内人士表示,合约33倍的杠杆率明显高于股指期货约5倍多的杠杆率,而参与门槛目前来看也适合更多的投资者。 业内人士指出,在国债期货上市后,监管部门或出于维稳需要调高保证金比例。 从股指期货的上市历程看,2006年10月30日,中金所正式推出沪深300指数期货仿真交易,期指仿真交易推行之初,最低交易保证金比例设定为8%;没有预料到的是,中国股市此后涨幅惊人,期指仿真交易保证金一度提高至20%;期指上市后,合约的最低保证金确定为合约价值的12%。 交易品种为5年期国债 据悉,本次5年期国债期货仿真合约的交易时间为交易日9:15-11:30(第一节)和13:00-15:15(第二节),最后交易日交易时间为9:15-11:30。当日结算价为最后一小时成交价格按成交量加权平均价,最后交易日为合约到期月份的第二个星期五,交割日为最后交易日后的连续三个交易日,交割结算价为最后交易日全天成交量加权平均价。 合约到期时采用实物交割方式,可交割债券为在最后交割日剩余期限4-7年(不含7年)的固定利息国债。 和股指期货一样,国债期货竞价交易采用集合竞价和连续竞价两种方式。集合竞价在交易日9:10-9:15进行,其中9:10-9:14为指令申报时间,9:14-9:15为指令撮合时间。 交易所的结算实行保证金、当日无负债结算制度、结算担保金制度和风险准备金制度和会员分级结算制度。 6家期货公司首批试点 开展仿真交易是金融期货新产品上市前的重要环节,对于完善合约规则、检验技术系统、积累运维经验以及开展投资者教育具有重要意义。事实上,股指期货仿真交易为沪深300股指期货的平稳推出和安全运行奠定了坚实基础,积累了宝贵经验。中金所国债期货仿真交易将采取渐进过渡的方式,引导金融机构分批次参加,最终形成由全市场参与的仿真交易环境,最大程度地模拟真实交易环境。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of “可以肯定的是,此次仿真交易时间肯定不会像股指期货那么久,虽然仿真交易会测试会员通道情况、业务情况、交割情况等,但有了股指期货这一平台,交易所就不需要重新平地起高楼,关键还在能否无缝对接上。”一期货业内人士指出,从仿真合约来看,由于都是季月合约,如果进度赶得上,3月份可能就要经历一次现货交割。 其实,中金所自2011年11月9日开始已在内部进行国债期货仿真交易,各项业务运转通畅;2月13日开始,仿真交易将逐步对外开放,分批次发展银行、证券、基金等机构投资者参与,并在适当时机推向全市场。通过仿真交易,中金所将进一步检验规则,听取市场机构意见,进行相应改进。 据早报记者了解,13日参与仿真交易的试点机构在10家左右,试点机构类型拟包括东证期货、海通期货、南华期货、永安期货、国泰君安期货、广发期货6家期货公司、2家证券公司及2家商业银行三类。 监管会议吹暖风 随着仿真交易的进行,中国国债期货重启越行越近。 2011年12月初,中金所总经理朱玉辰在“第七届中国国际期货大会”上透露,中金所正在积极筹备国债期货、中证500指数期货以及创业板指数期货等品种。 朱玉辰表示,发展国债期货有望助推国债在二级市场的活跃,对场内市场也是很好的呼应。作为利率期货标的的国债是很有价值的品种,现货市场规模很大。 而在2012年1月初召开的全国证券期货监管工作会议上,证监会主席郭树清明确表示,将积极研究开发股票、债券、基金相关新品种,稳妥推出国债、白银等期货以及期权等金融工具。“与有关部门及企业紧密合作,深入论证了国债期货、原油期货的方案框架。” 根据2012年全国证券期货监管工作会议“稳妥推出国债、白银等期货品种以及期权等金融工具”的要求,中金所加紧国债期货的准备工作,决定借鉴股指期货经验,先行推出国债期货仿真交易。 不过,与白银期货、原油期货等从未上市过的新品种不一样,国债期货早在20世纪90年代初就曾进行交易试点。自1992年至1995年5月,国债期货试点交易历时两年半。作为中国金融期货的先驱,国债期货在中国期货市场的发展史上拥有独特的地位。 “监管层此时重启国债期货,相信是出于金融创新、丰富品种的考虑,此前同为金融期货的股指期货在上市后的一年多时间内平稳运行,也显示出此项金融试点十分成功。”海通期货副总裁兼首席经济学家李迅雷表示。 李迅雷称,与17年前相比,中国国债期货的市场环境已有较大变化:当时通胀水平比较高,现在通胀情况出现明显回落;现在国债市场规模较此前也大了很多;以前资本市场整体规模也较小,现在股票市场市值达到全球第二,品种也较以前更为齐全,因此,国债期货作为金融期货的重要组成部分,恢复和发展国债期货交易的必要性和可行性逐渐具备。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of “327”绝不可能重演 “17年前,由于可供交割的国债现券数量远小于国债期货的交易规模,市场投机气氛浓厚,透支、超仓、内幕交易、恶意操纵等现象十分严重,首次国债期货交易试点以失败告终。经过17年的发展,中国经济金融环境发生了较大变化。”东证期货总经理党剑昨天称。 公开资料显示,当年国债期货试点交易时,1995年国债发行总量不过1000亿元,且约75%的部分不能上市流通。这直接导致国债期货可供交割量极为有限,对于做多一方极为有利,最终引发了“327”国债期货风波。 近年来,中国债券市场规模高速扩张,2010年与2011年的国债发行总量均超过1.7万亿元,2011年末国债余额达7.7万亿元,是1995年底的20多倍。此外,中国国债中的可流通比例近几年均超过85%,较1995年大幅增加。 分析人士称,国内国债品种不断优化,在品种数量大幅增加的同时,期限结构也趋于合理,从最短期3个月到最长期50年,多个品种充分满足投资者不同时间段的需求,国债品种已足以支撑重启国债期货。 在党剑看来,目前国内期货市场的监管制度建设、交易制度完善程度很高,“327”事件绝不可能重演。“327”事件时的期货交易制度甚至没有“熔断”机制,没有保证金也能下单,交易所对每笔下单并不实时监控。如今,期货市场有了明确的“熔断”机制,每笔交易均有严格的保证金要求,交易异动被实时监控,在目前环境下推出国债期货品种已非常稳妥。 党剑表示,重启国债期货,能够为市场提供重要的风险管理工具,形成由债券发行、交易、风险管理三级构成的完整的债券市场体系;为债券市场提供有效的定价基准,形成健全完善的基准利率体系;有利于活跃国债现券交易,提高债券市场流动性,推动债券市场的统一互联;有助于促进债券发行,扩大直接融资比例,推动债券市场的长远发展,更好地发挥服务实体经济的作用。 相关背景 国债期货在国内发展历程 ?1990年以前 中国国库券一直是靠行政分配方式发行。中国国债的转让流通起步于1988年,1990年形成全国性二级市场。个人投资者普遍把国债作为一种变相的长期储蓄存款,很少有进场交易的兴趣。 ?1992年12月28日 上海证券交易所首次设计并试行推出了12个品种的国债期货合约。包括标的券种为1992年发行1995年7月1日到期的三年期国债券(现券代码“923”,国债期货合约代码“310327”,即俗称的“327国债”),该券发行量为246.79亿元,利率是9.5%的票面利息加保值贴补率。国债期货交易试点采用国际惯例,实行保证金制度,虽然2.5%的保证金制度大大的高出了1%的国际标准,但仍把可交易量扩大到了40倍。但国债期货试行的两周内,交易清淡,仅成交19口。(国债期货交易数量按“口”交易,一“口”期货对应2would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 万元面值的现券。) ?1993年7月10日 财政部颁布《关于调整国库券发行条件的公告》,公告称,在通货膨胀居高不下的背景下,政府决定将参照中央银行公布的保值贴补率给予一些国债品种的保值补贴。国债收益率开始出现不确定性,国债期货市场的炒作空间扩大。 ?1994年10月以后 中国人民银行提高3年期以上储蓄存款利率和恢复存款保值贴补,国库券利率也同样保值贴补,保值贴补率的不确定性为炒作国债期货提供了空间,国债期货市场日渐火爆。 ?1995年1月 国债期货市场最大的一个悬念是“327国债”券会不会加息,市场普遍认为“327”回报率太低,因此有消息称,财政部可能要提高“327”利率。 ?1995年2月23日 财政部宣布提高利率,“327国债”将以148.50元兑付。消息一经核实,327国债的市价就开始一路上涨,当日中午,价格就冲到了151.3元,比前一日涨了3元多。由于万国证券彼时手中握有大笔327期货券,其收市前7分钟已录得60亿元巨亏的情况下,在最后7分钟内共砸出2112亿元的卖单,面值高达1.46万亿元,硬是把价位打落到147.4元。 ?1995年2月23日晚上10点 上证所在经过紧急会议后宣布:在最后7分钟内共砸出2112亿元的卖单无效。上证所的这一决定,使万国证券的尾盘操作收获瞬间化为泡影。万国亏损56亿人民币,濒临破产。 ?1995年5月17日 中国证监会发出《关于暂停中国范围内国债期货交易试点的紧急通知》,开市仅两年零六个月的国债期货无奈地画上了句号。中国第一个金融期货品种宣告夭折。万国证券被并入上海申银,成为后来的申银万国证券公司。(来源:东方早报) “十八年后又是一条好汉”这句俗语在国债期货身上得到了印证。来自交易所的消息,国债期货将于下周一开始仿真交易,据业内人士透露,不出意外的话,国债期货有望于今年正式推出,成为股指期货之后的又一大金融期货。 仿真交易投石问路 中国金融期货交易所(以下简称“中金所”)昨日正式对外宣布,国债期货仿真交易2月13日(下周一)将正式启动,这意味着沉睡了17年的国债期货即将迎来新生。 实际上,消息面近期频繁释放出国债期货推出的信号:证监会主席郭树清1月时就明确表示将稳妥推出国债、白银等期货以及期权;昨日,中国证券报也报道,目前证监会和中国金融期货交易所都在积极推进国债期货相关上市工作。 所谓国债期货,是指通过有组织的交易场所预先确定买卖价格并于未来特定时间内进行钱券交割的国债派生交易方式。国债期货属于金融期货的一种,是一种高级的金融衍生工具。 实际上,中金所自2011年11月9日起已经在内部进行国债期货仿真交易,各项业务运would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 转通畅。中金所人士向记者表示,2月13日开始,仿真交易将逐步对外开放,分批次发展银行、证券、基金等机构投资者参与,并在适当时机推向全市场。 分析人士指出,开展仿真交易是金融期货新产品上市前的重要环节,对于完善合约规则、检验技术系统、积累运维经验以及开展投资者教育具有重要意义。因此,国债期货仿真交易的上线,被普遍认为是推出国债期货的前兆。 年内有望正式推出 股指期货从仿真交易上线到正式推出,中间经历了长达三年,此次国债期货仿真交易上线后,离正式推出又会有多远, 银河期货研究中心总经理助理屈晓宁对记者表示,股指期货开启了我国金融期货的先河,经过了长时间的仿真测试,交易细则也要反复推敲,所以筹备时间较久。在股指期货上市且运行一年多之后,市场已经逐渐了解并接纳了金融期货品种,具备了一定的市场基础,因此仿真交易的时间不会持续太长时间,今年就很可能上市。 中国农业大学期货与金融衍生品研究中心主任常清指出,经过十多年的发展,我国国债品种不断优化,品种数量大幅增加,期限结构也趋于合理,目前期货市场的监管制度建设、交易制度完善程度很高,恢复国债期货不存在任何障碍。 常清认为,国债期货回归最关键的意义是为利率市场化提供条件,先通过期货交易稳定利率水平,再放开利率管制。这种方式要比直接放开利率市场,再管理利率价格更有效。同时,国债期货的推出有利于活跃国债现券交易,提高债券市场流动性,推动债券市场的统一互联,有助于债券市场的长远发展。 实际上,国债期货对于老资格的投资者而言并不陌生,在1992年国债期货就曾进行交易试点。但由于当时债券市场不够发达,可供交割的国债现券数量远小于国债期货的交易规模,市场投机气氛浓厚,透支、超仓、内幕交易、恶意操纵等现象十分严重,在运行三年之后,国债期货于1995年惨遭关闭。 入围门槛不足10万元 跟股指期货50万元的入场券相比,国债期货显然将成为一个大众化的投资工具。 根据中金所的介绍,本次国债期货仿真交易标的是100万元、票面利率为3%的5年期名义标准国债;最低交易保证金为合约价值的3%;每日价格最大波动限制为上一交易日结算价的?2%。目前期货公司规定的交易保证金通常比交易所要求的最低保证金高出3%-5%,据此计算,投资者参与仿真交易的门槛基本在6万-8万元。 不过,屈晓宁表示,目前的仿真交易还属于技术准备阶段,相关合约规则和交易细则、结算细则、风控管理办法等可能根据测试情况进行相应调整。 入场门票并不贵,国债期货到底可以用来做什么,徽商期货北京营业部分析师王盾表would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 示,国债期货对利率的反应敏感,可作为对冲利率风险的投资工具。例如投资者持有100万元30年期的房贷,就可以通过长期做空1手国债期货进行套期保值,如果央行提高利率,虽然要多支付房贷利息,但是也能通过国债期货弥补损失;如果央行降低利率水平,虽然国债期货出现亏损,但是却可以少支付房贷利息。不过,他同时提醒,对于保证金比较紧张的投资者来说,一次意外的加息或者降息,如果方向做反,就有被强行平仓的风险。 正如泰戈尔诗中所表述的,“鸟儿已飞过,天空没有翅膀的痕迹。”但有些人和事,即使你不用心去记,它们也仿佛镶嵌在你的脑海里,留下永久的印痕,并且,随着时间的推移这种印痕会越来越清晰。——阚治东 1995年2月23日上午,我在深圳参加中西药业公司的董事会,会后去香港办事,晚饭前回到深圳,并按约定与中国证券报的李树忠会面。 李树忠见我第一句话就是:“阚总,出大事了,你们上海三家证券公司都破产了~”起初,我以为他是开玩笑,仔细一听发现事情十分严重,忙给公司打电话。当时手机不普及,也不像今天这样可以漫游,我在香港的那段时间,公司无法联系上我。在和负责自营业务的胡瑞荃通完电话后,我才知道这天上海国债期货市场发生了惊心动魄的事件。在这场史称“327国债期货事件”中,万国证券公司破产,而令我稍感心安的是,申银证券平安无事。 交易所发现 “严重蓄意违规” 2月23日一开市,市场便流传关于财政部对前几年已发国债加息的消息将成事实。各种国债开盘后都出现飙升行情,其中“327”国债期货价格从148.50元升至151.98元。空方随时面临爆仓的危险,市场气氛异常紧张。是掷子认输亏损几个亿保金后出局,还是追加保证金继续玩命一搏,这是此时空方主力面临的生死考验。而当时一切选择的焦点集中在“327”国债期货上面了。这个品种所对应的代号为“923”,由财政部于1992年发行,总量240亿元,是1995年6月30日到期交割的国债。 上午,场内出现异常情况,有个席位抛出了200万口~尉文渊接到了交易部的电话后要求“赶紧查~” 中午12点多,管金生(注:时任万国证券总裁)找到尉文渊(注:时任上海证券交易所总经理)并提出了三个请求:“能不能给我增加点持仓量,”“交易所能不能发个通知,说到现在为止上海证券交易所没有接到财政部贴息的通知,”“能不能把国债期货交易停下来,” 尉文渊不可能答应管金生的任何一个请求。 下午16点15分,“327”国债期货大量抛盘突然连续涌出,50万口~100万口~最后一张730万口超级大单,将“327国债”期货的价格强行压至147.40元收盘。“327”国债期货卖盘后面跟着10569172口的巨额数字。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 很快,交易所闭市后发出通知:“经初步调查,发现„327?国债期货出现„严重蓄意违规?迹象,交易所正在作进一步调查了解,请各会员单位等待通知。” 晚上9点左右,上交所宣布: 23日16时22分13秒之后的交易是异常的,经查是某会员公司为影响当日结算价而蓄意违规,故16时22分13秒之后的所有327品种的交易无效,该部分成交不计入当日结算价、成交量和持仓量的范围,经过此调查当日国债成交额为5400亿元,当日327品种的收盘价为违规前最后签订的一笔交易价格151.30元。 2月24日,财政部贴息公告见报。 2月24日当天,上证所“327”国债期货价格开盘涨5.4元,达152.8元。 2月27日和28日,上交所开设“327”国债期货平仓专场,暂停自由竞价交易。 5月17日,中国证监会发出紧急通知: 近几个月来,国债期货市场屡次发生严重违规交易所引起的风波,在国内造成很坏的影响。目前从各方面的情况看,我国尚不具备开展国债期货交易的基本条件。为维护改革开放的形式,保持经济和社会稳定,保证金融市场的健康发展,经国务院同意,现决定在全国范围内暂停国债期货交易试点。 “327国债期货事件”不仅毁了管金生本人,还差点毁了万国证券公司,而且还断送了中国金融期货市场的发展前景——被宣布关闭的中国金融期货市场至今还没有恢复。 关键的一张牌 这一事件已经过去多年,但很耐人回味。 当年开办的国债期货交易,交易的品种是财政部发行的三年期、五年期的国债,买卖的是三个月、六个月和九个月的期货。买时缴纳保证金,初期保证金与交易额的倍数是1:40,即买入1万元的期货只需缴纳250元保证金,此后国债期货风险增大,保证金与期货的倍数改为20倍。为了控制风险,上海证券交易所还对每家证券公司的持仓量作了规定,申银、万国证券公司都是40万口,每口2万元面值的国债。 最初的国债期货交易给人的感觉就是极度刺激。股票上下几元钱,并不算什么,国债期货上下几元钱则意味着你前面所缴的保证金全输了,要么补充保证金,要么就此认输罢手。期货市场上有的操盘手紧张得不敢上厕所,因为往往就在上厕所那短短几分钟的时间,市场就发生了翻天覆地的变化,使你或错失良机,或蒙受损失。 当时对国债期货交易价涨跌的预测,主要依据是国家定期发布的储蓄保值贴补率,而国家队保值贴补率的计算公式从来没有向外公布过。于是,这个计算公式成为了国债期货市场的哥德巴赫猜想,无数人为之殚精竭虑。往往是今天出现的一个据说最正确的办法,明天又出现一个内部传出的计算公式,市场也为此频繁波动。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 慢慢地,市场主力分多空两方,双方势均力敌,斗得你死我活。在这中间,申银证券公司基本上是骑墙派,多空两边都做,不固定站在某一边,因此成为两边共同争夺的对象。 在“327国债期货事件”之中,很多人都把事件的原因说成万国证券的管金生头脑发热,无视持仓规定,大肆抛空“327国债”。但实际上情况可能没那么简单。 “327国债期货事件”是国债期货交易中多空双方的一场博弈,其中一张关键的牌是财政部是否会同意对“327国债”这个品种加息。 那几年,中国通货膨胀严重,为了稳定群众情绪,国家对银行储蓄采取保值贴补率的方式加息,每月国家公布一次保值贴补率,银行根据贴补率对储户到期存款加息,储户实际存款年利息达到15%以上。由此,早年财政部发行的国债利率就显得偏低了,“327国债”是1992年发行的三年期国债,年息14%,100元面值的国债到期一次性还本付息142元。市场多方放出消息,说财政部拟给早年发行尚未到期的国债进行加息,借机把国债期货价格创出新高。但是空房和很多人不相信财政部会加息,因为在早几年也曾出现同样的情况,社会要求财政部加息的呼声非常强烈,但财政部认为购买国债的投资者必须承担利率的风险,最终也没有实施加息的做法。 多方相信会加息,空方不相信会加息,多空双方在“327国债”品种上展开了激烈的拼杀,最后多方把“327国债”推到150元以上,也就是比到期本息还高,这就把空方逼到了绝境。当时空方主力是辽国发和万国证券等,关键时刻不少机构投向多方,迫使万国证券孤注一掷,最终出现了前文叙述的惊心动魄的一幕。 “327国债期货事件”引起高层高度关注,国务院责成监察部会同中国证监会、财政部、人民银行、最高人民检察院、国家保密局组成联合调查组前往上海调查。 经过四个多月的调查,在认定违规事实的前提下,对有关责任分别作出了开除公职、撤销行政领导职务等纪律处分和免职、调离等组织处理。万国证券公司总裁管金生,于1995年10月9日被依法逮捕,后来以受贿等罪名执行有期徒刑17年,剥夺政治权利5年。万国证券公司在“327国债期货”事件中直接损失10多亿元人民币,被迫与申银证券公司合并,形成了此后的申银万国证券公司。 毁于一句玩笑话, 申银证券公司在“327国债期货”事件中侥幸躲过一劫,未遭受什么损失。此后有记者问我,如果那天我在上海,或者公司能联系上我,申银证券公司会不会卷进“327国债期货事件”中, 坦率地说,我没有自信断言不会卷入此事,因为我也始终认定财政部不会为已发行的国债加息。但是我能自信地说,即使我当时在上海,申银证券也不会像万国证券那样陷得那么深。 最后细算“327国债期货”的账,申银证券公司本部和各分支机构在“327事件中”各有盈would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 亏,总体是盈亏相抵,略有盈余,其中亏得比较多的是上海威海路营业部。 当天,“327国债期货”飙升时,悄悄违规做多的威海路营业部顺利出货,获得了3000多万元的利润,后来看到空方猛烈反扑就想乘机再做一把空方短线,好给公司一份“意外惊喜”。结果最后算总账,反而实亏了3000多万元。威海路营业部经理为此受到了免职处分。 当年,申银证券工作三年以上的老员工,每人会得到一枚半盎司重的金质纪念章,按规定受过处分的员工没份。这位经理感到很委屈,找我索要那枚纪念章。我也没法通融,只能劝这位经理不要感到委屈,要她自己想想,由于她的盲目指挥给公司造成的损失,几乎相当于半吨黄金了。 可以说,“327国债期货”事件是中国证券市场发展过程中的一次严重挫折。中国金融期货市场关闭的原因,有市场发展过程中的不规范问题,也有海外人士过于强调期货市场的风险而较少宣传其正面意义的原因。那几年,流传最广的一句话就是:“你要与谁有仇,你就叫他的儿子去做期货。”据说,这句话是国家一位领导在一次大会上讲的,而这位领导人则是听香港金融界的一位领军人物讲的。这句话其实是一个玩笑,用以说明期货的风险,令人想不到的是我们的领导当真了。可以说,在某种程度上,一句洋人的玩笑话耽误了中国金融期货市场的发展。 (文章节选自阚治东所著《荣辱二十年——我的股市人生》,书中所提“上交所”、“上证所”,均指上海证券交易所,文中小标题为编辑所加。现年59岁的阚治东系新中国第一代证券人,与万国证券总裁管金生、上交所总经理尉文渊并称为“上海滩证券三猛人”,曾有“中国证券教父”之称。作为申银万国的总裁,他写下了中国证券发展史上的许多第一:主承销第一只A股、第一只B股,发行第一张金融债券、第一张企业短期融资券,设立第一个证券交易柜台,参与发起设立上海证券交易所,编制国内第一个股票指数和全国第一份股票年报等。) 国债期货合约细节浮出水面,尽管只是仿真交易,但市场各方仍将之视为备战国债期货的绝对参考,只是不同观察者,所聚焦的第一视点并不相同。 普通期货投资者首先看的是有没有机会参与。而本次国债期货仿真交易合约大小适中,100万元的票面面额,3,最低保证金水平,加上期货公司增收保证金比例部分,大约5、6万元能做一手,仅为股指期货的一半,与铜、黄金的水平相当。就算中金所参照股指期货适当性制度,将保证金的3倍作为实际开户的资金门槛,大多数期货投资者也符合入市条件。 其次看的是品种波动性以及风险特征,是否具有参与价值。由于仿真合约最小变动价位为0.01个点,每张合约最小变动100元。表面上,每张国债期货合约短线操作最小盈亏比股指期货要大了不少(后者为60元/最小价格跳动),但实际国债现货每日波动幅度很小,这将限制期货品种的日内价格波动,并不适宜过于频繁短线操作。另外,从隔日行情考察,国债现货隔日波幅多集中在1,甚至0.3,以内,对应预计每张期货合约的隔日结算盈亏也在数千元水平,与铜、黄金、股指期货等大品种接近。国债期货涨跌停板是2,,极端情况下,隔日涨跌停的最大盈亏约在2万元左右。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 而站在专业的机构投资者角度,则考虑的是合约标的、交割方式是否与机构需求一致。由于我国4,7年剩余年限的国债存量最大,可交割国债量达到1.6万亿元左右,涵盖5年和7年两个发行关键期限,可交割国债量充足,而且4,7年期国债的日交易量也是最大的,日均成交量约60亿元,市场流动性强,具有良好的现货基础,国内商业银行的债券组合久期也在这个期限附近。因此本次选择5年期的中期国债作为标的,正符合国内实际情况。 本次合约设计当中还有比较巧妙的一点是,采取了名义标准券的设计,即以现实中可能并不存在的、剩余期限固定的“名义标准债券”作为交易标的,用多券种替代交收,即剩余年限在一定范围内的国债都可以用转换因子折算成名义券进行交割。在此情况下,卖方就倾向选择“最便宜债券”进行交割,一是有效防范了逼仓风险,二是决定了国债期货价格的走势,更为现货市场提供了有效的定价基准。 另外,在如何看待合约大小的问题上,专业机构与普通投资者的立足点也有差异。在前者看来,目前国内银行间市场的现券单笔成交金额在1,2亿元,交易所市场的现券单笔成交金额约1000万元。因此5年期国债期货的合约面额以100万元为宜,单笔对冲套保交易只需10手合约。国际成熟市场,国债期货的合约金额一般也是现券交易单笔金额的十分之一,这样可以最大满足各方面参与者的需求。 2月8日就有上期所人士在询问公司是否有专门负责研究白银期货的分析师~准备情况如何~可以说目前白银期货已经进入上市冲刺阶段 ? 已经开始准备白银期货的相关研发~春节之前~已经在公司内部做了有关白银期货的培训 白银是近两年投资市场的黑马。在宽松货币环境下,2010年国际白银价格较2009年上涨了75.63%,而2011年国际白银均价更是再创每盎司35.12美元的历史新高,同比涨幅74%。2月7日,中国有色金属工业协会副会长兼秘书长贾明星对媒体表示,有色金属工业协会正配合证监会及其他相关部门积极推动白银期货上市的工作,预计白银期货将在年内推出。而期货业内人士普遍认为,白银期货最有可能在全国两会后上市。 海外白银期货:热 从金银比价来看,2008年全球金融海啸之后,金银比价波动剧烈。黄金一枝独秀,金银比价被拉大,最高曾达到63倍。此后两年,白银涨势凶猛,甚至超过黄金涨幅,金银比价迅速走低,2010年金银比价平均值在46左右。 光大期货分析师孙永刚向《国际金融报》记者指出:“由于金银价格波动,近年来黄金白银比价套利投资机会也非常好。2010年7月,白银价格快速上涨。金银比价迅速走低,背离了前期稳定的势头,出现了较好的„抛黄金、买白银?套利机会。这波套利一直持续到2011年4月,这也是最近两年最好的一次金银套利机会。此外,白银是投机性较强的交易品种,在全球金融环境不确定性依然较大的背景下,白银期货推出后,投资机会很多。” 白银价格的波动使得全球掀起设立白银期货新合约的热潮。据不完全统计,2011年全would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 球有4家衍生品交易所推出了4个新的白银期货交易合约。 海通期货对全球13家衍生品交易所的19个有成交记录的白银期货交易统计显示,2011年,全球白银期货交易非常活跃,交易量大幅增加,小型和微型白银期货合约表现尤其抢眼。2011年,全球白银期货合约总计成交近1.44亿张,同比增加172.57%;按交易量计算,2011年全球白银期货总计成交41.5亿千克,同比大增56.47%。2011年,全球白银期货交易最抢眼的是小型合约。印度MCX的1千克、5千克白银期货合约,交易量(张)居全球前两位。 国内准备力推:忙 目前,中国白银期货还在酝酿中,期货业内人士认为,白银期货最有可能在两会后上市。上海一家大型期货公司贵金属分析师也告诉记者:“2月8日就有上期所人士在询问公司是否有专门负责研究白银期货的分析师,准备情况如何,可以说目前白银期货已经进入上市冲刺阶段。” 中国是全球最大的白银消费国和第三大产银国,据统计,2011年,中国白银产量为1244.6吨,同比增长7.14%。市场人士预计,无论是投资者还是厂商,对白银期货的参与度不会低。中国有色金属工业协会副会长兼秘书长贾明星表示,上期所正在积极推进白银期货上市,这将为相关企业提供套期保值等避险服务,促进有色金属工业市场机制进一步完善。 据了解,春节前,已经有不少国内期货公司为挖掘白银期货潜在客户而开始忙碌。孙永刚在接受《国际金融报》记者采访时还表示:“我们已经开始准备白银期货的相关研发,春节之前,我已经在公司内部做了有关白银期货的培训。”“成都很多私募基金最近也在打听白银期货的参与方式,也和我们探讨合作。”成都博银贵金属投资有限公司首席分析师王瑞雷告诉记者 “去年国内期货业的日子真是不好过。”2月7日,一位浙江的期货公司高管颇为无奈地向记者感叹道。 根据中国期货业协会(下称“中期协”)上个月公布的统计数据显示,2011年全国期货市场累计成交量为10.54亿手,累计成交额为1375134.25亿元,同比分别下降32.72%和11.03%。 而刚刚过去的一月份情况也未发生好转,中期协最新统计资料表明,2012年1月全国期货市场成交量为4668.19万手,成交额为80511.16亿元,同比分别下降34.36%和24.17%,环比则分别下降36.84%和23.61%。 “这样情况属于近年来比较罕见的。”国金期货总经理助理江明德对此表示,“过去多年来中国期货市场的整体成交量与成交金额都保持了50%以上的同比增速,2011年确实是一个明显的转折之年。” “其实全国期货市场的整体保证金数量是有所下降的,期货保证金监控中心今年一月初公布的数据是1700亿元左右,但是去年最高时突破过2000亿元,下降的原因有很多,包括would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 市场交易不活跃,震荡行情中投资人容易亏损等。”江明德认为。 行业全面萎缩 “不仅仅是成交量、成交金额在下降,期货公司的手续费率去年降得也厉害,业内佣金率普遍有30%的降幅。”上述某浙江期货公司高管向记者反映。 根据记者掌握的信息,浙江地区规模最大的四家期货公司――永安期货、南华期货、中大期货与浙商期货在2011年的手续费收入与净利润相比2010年,均有不同程度的下降。 据悉,浙江省排名第一的永安期货在2011年获得手续费收入约为3.3亿元人民币,比2010年近3.9亿元的收入水平下降了约15.38%,而净利润水平也从一年前的1.52亿元降为1.39亿元,下滑幅度约为8.5%。 南华期货的手续费收入与净利润,分别从2010年的2.9亿元、6019万元降至2.4亿元与5450万元,降幅分别为17.24%、9.45%。 中大期货手续费下降明显,但净利润所受影响较小。根据相关信息,该公司2011年的手续费收入为1.7亿元,比2010年的2.4亿元下降了29.16%,而净利润却只是从4624万元减少至4441万元,减幅不足4%。 而由券商控股的浙商期货去年表现相对平稳,其手续费收入为1.8亿元,仅比2010年下降了10%,公司净利润也只是从2010年的6690万略微减至去年的6683万元。 “其实这四家期货公司表现都算很不错了,毕竟都是有保证金规模的公司,即使手续费下降了,还可以通过账上的期货保证金获得各类银行存款的收益。”上述浙江期货公司高管表示。 根据相关信息,上述四家期货公司中有三家的保证金规模在过去一年不减少反增。其中,永安期货的资金权益(客户)从2010年57.6亿元猛增至2011年的72.1亿元,南华期货则从38.7亿元上升至39.1亿元,中大期货从20.7亿元增至23.1亿元。而浙商期货则略有下滑,从28.4亿元降至27.9亿元。 而上述浙商期货公司高管也向记者表示,由于民间资金紧俏,很多资金也撤出期货市场寻求更好的出路。“这对于期货公司无疑是雪上加霜,原本成交量、成交金额就低迷,期货公司这下连利息收入也要减少了。” 多个期货品种待破冰 尽管如此,诸多期货公司高管仍对2012年的期货市场充满着期待。 “今年可能是中国期货市场变化较大的一年,监管层已多次提出深化证券期货市场改革促进实体经济发展,并列出了几个之前我们都不太敢想的期货品种。”一位上海券商系期货公司总经理向记者表示。 would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of 中国证监会主席郭树清曾在一月份的全国证券期货监管工作会议上表示,抓紧建设原油等大宗商品期货市场,稳妥推出国债、白银等期货品种。 “我觉得现在的气氛有点像九十年代初中国刚推出期货市场的那一两年,正在以保护投资者利益的前提下,积极地推动中国对于定价中心的建设。”该券商系期货公司总经理认为,中金所国债期货与上期所以美元计价的原油期货,很可能在今年“破冰而出”。 而浙江一期货公司高管也认为上述新品种的推出将“意义重大”。“这将会再次改变期货行业的生态环境,例如国债期货推出后,将势必会吸引银行进入中国的期货市场。”该人士表示,“银行的资金实力远非其他金融机构能比,届时我们也会看到商业银行收购期货公司。” 除了对创新期货品种有所憧憬,期货公司对于去年已开启的期货投资咨询业务也充满着期待。 上述上海的券商系期货公司老总告诉记者,他们已展开期货投资咨询业务。“主要是向阳光私募、基金公司等机构提供期货交易策略,并收取顾问费,这对于原本同质化经营的期货公司而言,获得了一个新的业绩增长点。” would have to add inorganic phosphorus sources (mainly calcium hydrogen phosphate, bone meal, fishmeal, meat and bone meal also fall into this category), and total phosphorus in the diet increased. Today's lack of inorganic phosphorus sources throughout the world, has become the third more expensive feed ingredients in feed costs, 1 gram of inorganic phosphorus prices far beyond the price of 1 g of high quality protein. Increased feed costs on the one hand, and discharge large amounts of phosphorus from the waste, causing serious environmental pollution. When used in poultry feeding when high level of Cu and Zn, significantly increasing the fecal excretion of copper and zinc. Regardless of breeding size, or free-range, chicken in the selection or arrangement of the place, there must be awareness of environmental protection and people-oriented concept. At the time of planning, to chicken production and people's living environment, environment and farm waste disposal aspects coordinated and organized on an equal status, it should be run through the design, construction and production of three aspects of the entire process. 2. land and China has a vast territory, but its arable land is limited. According to statistics, only 106.67 million hectares of cultivated land could be used (1.6 billion acres), only 867 square metres of cultivated land per capita (1.3 acres). With the growing population, modern economic development, as well as the gradual transition of urbanization in rural areas, farmland will be reduced. Development of
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