金属活动性顺序表

电极电势大小，(通俗地说，标准电极电势基准为298K下含1mol/L浓度的H+溶液，1标准压力的氢气的电极电势，大小规定为0)，标准电极电势越小，该金属活动性越强，(非金属相反)标准电极电势>0(即活动性低于氢)时，金属不与非氧化性酸反应，标准电极电势<0时，可与非氧化性酸反映。标准电极电势较小的金属可从标准电极电势较大的金属的盐的水溶液中置换出后者。如金属锂在中性溶液中的标准电极电势为 —3.045V，为活动性最强，而铜(+0.342V)、汞(+0.851V)、银(+0.7996V)、铂(+1.200V)、金(1.691V)都大于0，故一般不与非氧化性酸反应》。 初中生背金属性活动数序表的简略方法: 嫁给那美女(K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al ) 新铁丝千斤(Zn、Fe、Sn、Pb、H ) 铜共一百斤(Cu、Hg、Ag、Pt、Au) 由强到弱的 了解金属活动性顺序表可以判断置换反应是否发生。如氢前面的金属可以把酸中的氢置换出来。位置在前的金属可把在后的金属置换出来。位置差距越大置换反应越容易发生。但K ,Ca,Na 首先与水反应，生成对应的碱。 编辑本段 非金属活动顺序 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 非金属是这样:因为非金属一般都是若干原子构成的分子，而分子是非金属常见形态，所以我这里排的是分子顺序表，比较实用: 氟>氧>氯>溴>氮>硫>氢>红磷>碘>碳>砷>硒>硼>硅[氧和氯可对换，常温下氯的活动性强于氧，高温下氧的活动性远强于氯] 稀有气体 :Xe>Kr>Ar>Ne>He 总之元素周期表里非金属性越是左下方越弱，越是右上方越强。惰性气体不算。 编辑本段 金属活动性顺序表的应用 金属活动性顺序是历年来中考命的热点，题目的难易不同，题型各异。因此对金属活动性顺序表的正确理解和灵活运用十分重要。我们主要从以下几个方面对其进行理解。 1(金属与氧气的反应 铁 铝 铜 反应现象 剧烈燃烧，表面变暗，表面变黑， 火星四射，失去金属失去金属 放出大量光泽[常温光泽 的热，生成下在空气 一种黑色中]，若把 固体 铝箔用火 柴在氧气 中引燃[和 引燃铁丝 的方法类 同].则铝 箔剧烈燃 烧，发出和 镁条燃烧 一样耀眼 的白光。生 成白色固 体。 化学方程3Fe+2O2==4Al+3O2==2Cu，O2==式 (点燃)==F2Al2O3[常(?)==2Cuschool)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification e3O4 温] O 4Al+3 O2==(点 燃)==2Al2 O3 反应特征 都是氧化 反应，生成 金属氧化 物，且都属 于化合反 应。 金属的活动性可以由金属与氧气反应的难易程度来决定。 2. 金属与酸发生反应 (1)金属应是在金属活动性顺序中排在(H)前面的金属; (2)酸应是不具有强氧化性的酸，例如盐酸、稀硫酸，不包括浓硫酸和硝酸; (3)单质铁与酸发生置换反应时生成亚铁盐; (4)K、Ca、Na除与酸反应外，还能与水在常温下发生置换反应，其余金属则不能。 3. 金属与盐发生置换反应 (1)在金属活动性顺序中只有排在前面的金属才能把排在后面的金属从其盐溶液中置换出来，而与H的位置无关。但K、Ca、Na等金属例外，由于它们过于活泼，与盐溶液不发生置换反应，而是先与溶液中的水发生反应。如把钠放入硫酸铜溶液中[2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2?，CuSO4+2NaOH===Cu(OH)2?+Na2SO4]最终没有单质铜生成 (2)铁与盐溶液发生置换反应时，只生成二价亚铁盐。 (3)用同种金属置换不同的盐溶液，盐中金属排在金属活动性顺序中较后的金属首先被置换出来。用不同的金属置换同种盐溶液，盐中金属排在金属活动性顺序中较前的金属先被置换出来。 还有要知道:金属只与溶液发生置换反应，而且若有一种金属和多种混合盐溶液反应，最先反应的是最不活泼的那个金属的盐溶液，如:锌粒与氯化亚铁和硫酸铜和硝酸汞的混合溶液反应，最先反应的是硝酸汞，当硝酸汞被消耗完时，硫酸铜才与锌粒反应，同理，硫酸铜反应完后，锌才会和氯化亚铁反应。 还有，当多种金属与一种盐溶液反应时，最活泼的金属先反应，如:把打磨光亮的镁带，铝丝，铜丝一起放入硝酸银溶液中，镁被消耗完后，铝才和硝酸银反应，铝反应完后，铜跟硝酸银反应 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 注意:必须是一种金属单质和一种溶液，其他不可以反应，如: Cu+AgCO3? (Cu>Ag，但AgCO3不溶于水) school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification