等额本息还款法

等额本息还款法 等额本息 简介 等额本息是指一种购房贷款的还款方式，是在还款期内，每月偿还同等数额的贷款(包括本金和利息)。 每月还款额计算公式如下: [贷款本金×月利率×(1+月利率)^还款月数]?[(1+月利率)^还款月数,1] 下面举例说明， 假定借款人从银行获得一笔20万元的个人住房贷款，贷款期限20年，贷款月利率4.2‰，每月还本付息。按照上述公式计算，每月应偿还本息和为1324.33元。 上述结果只给出了每月应付的本息和，因此需要对这个本息和进行分解。仍以上例为基础，一个月为一期，第一期贷款余额20万元，应支付利息840.00元(200000×4.2‰)，所以只能归还本金484.33元，仍欠银行贷款199515.67元;第二期应支付利息837.97元(199515.67×4.2‰)，归还本金486.37元，仍欠银行贷款199029.30元，以此类推。 此种还款模式相对于等额本金还款法的劣势在于支出利息较多，还款初期利息占每月供款的大部分，随本金逐渐返还供款中本金比重增加。但该方法每月的还款额固定，可以有地控制家庭收入的支出，也便于每个家庭根据自己的收入情况，确定还贷能力。该方法比较适用于现期收入少，预期收入将稳定或增加的借款人，或预算清晰的人士和收入稳定的人士，一般为青年人，特别是刚开始工作的年轻人也适合选用这种方法，以避免初期太大的供款压力。 等额本息还款表 以最新贷款基准利率为准 以万元贷款为例，不同年限的贷款每月还款金额为: 贷款年限 年利率 % 月利率 ? 月还款额 (元) 1 5.31 4.425 利随本清 2 5.40 4.500 440.51 3 5.40 4.500 301.51 4 5.76 4.800 233.75 5 5.76 4.800 192.21 6 5.94 4.950 165.45 7 5.94 4.950 145.8 8 5.94 4.950 131.12 9 5.94 4.950 119.76 10 5.94 4.950 110.72 11 5.94 4.950 103.36 12 5.94 4.950 97.27 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they 13 5.94 4.950 92.16 14 5.94 4.950 87.8 15 5.94 4.950 84.06 16 5.94 4.950 80.82 17 5.94 4.950 77.98 18 5.94 4.950 75.48 19 5.94 4.950 73.27 20 5.94 4.950 71.3 21 5.94 4.950 69.54 22 5.94 4.950 67.95 23 5.94 4.950 66.53 24 5.94 4.950 65.24 25 5.94 4.950 64.06 26 5.94 4.950 63 27 5.94 4.950 62.02 28 5.94 4.950 61.13 29 5.94 4.950 60.32 30 5.94 4.950 59.57 贷款的等额等额本息还款法和等额本金还款法 一、等额本息还款法与等额本金还款法 等额本息还款法即借款人每月按相等的金额偿还贷款本息，其中每月贷款利息按月初剩余贷款本金计算并逐月结清。 等额本金还款法即借款人每月按相等的金额(贷款金额/贷款月数)偿还贷款本金，每月贷款利息按月初剩余贷款本金计算并逐月结清，两者合计即为每月的还款额。 二、等额本息还款法与等额本金计算 1.等额本息还款法还款金额: 每月应还金额:a*[i*(1+i)^n]/[(1+i)^n-1] (注:a:贷款本金 ，i:贷款月利率， n:贷款月数 )2.等额本金还款法还款金额: 每月应还本金:a/n 每月应还利息:an*i/30*dn 每月应还总金额:a/n+ an*i/30*dn (注:a:贷款本金 ，i:贷款月利率， n:贷款月数， an:第n个月贷款剩余本金，a1=a,a2=a-a/n,a3=2-2*a/n...以次类推 dn 第n个月的实际天数，如平年2月为28，3月为31，4月为30，以次类推) 三、还款法利息计算 等额本息还款法的利息计算: 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they 等额本息还贷，先算每月还贷本息:BX=a*i(1+i)N/(1+i)N-1 等额本息还贷第n个月还贷本金: B=a*i(1+i)n-1/(1+i)N-1 等额本息还贷第n个月还贷利息: X=BX-B= a*i(1+i)N/(1+i)N-1- a*i(1+i)n-1/(1+i)N-1 (注:BX=等额本息还贷每月所还本金和利息总额， B=等额本息还贷每月所还本金， a=贷款总金额 i=贷款月利率， N=还贷总月数， n=第n期还贷数 X=等额本息还贷每月所还的利息) 等额本金还款法利息计算 每月应还利息:an*i/30*dn 四、提前还款 提前还款是指借款方在还款期未到之前即先行偿还贷款的行为。提前还款在某些情况下对借款人有利而对贷款人不利，所以是否允许提前还款以及提前还款的条件应予明确规定。提前还款包括提前全部还款、提前部分还款且贷款期限不变、提前部分还款的同时缩短贷款期限三种情况。 选择贷款期限时要充分考虑资金运作和后续资金来源。举例来说，某项目向银行贷款时选择了年限为30年，总额680万元的贷款。其开始一年每月等额还款金额为39066.2元，其中，31609.9元为利息，7456.3元为本金，一年来共还本金为7456.3×12月= 89475.6元，偿还利息为31609.9×12=379318.8元。可 见等额本息法下，大部分资金偿还的只是利息，而本金仅占19.1%。此时若选择提前还贷，会有大量利息损失。 而如果有提前还贷的预期，最好选择等额本金还款法，贷款期限也不宜过长。这样偿还的大部分是本金，而提前还贷则避免了支付更多的利息。 五、银行对提前还款违约金的收取 本世纪初，在美国有一些银行通过一些手段限制贷款客户提前还款，例如要求支付提前还款违约金、或只允许部分提前还款、或在3年内限制提前还款等。起因是银行大量的贷款是通过第三方贷出的，而银行要为此提前支付大笔佣金;另外银行自己贷出的许多贷款的初始利率都定的很低，以吸引客户。银行高额的初始成本使得一旦遇到客户优化贷款或提前还款，必然造成银行贷款成本的灭顶之灾。 为了限制提前还款，有些贷款机构提出了一个概念叫实质性的提前还款。各贷款机构对实质性的行为有不同的标准，但一般是指在12个月内，借款人提前还款金额超过了本金余额的20%。有些银行在这个概念下，要求借款客户支付提前还款的违约金。 提前还款的违约金是在借贷款双方的中共同认可的条款，一旦借款方在指定的时间内提前还清全部贷款，或大部分本金，借款人将支付一笔违约金。违约金一般是按照提前还款时的未结余额的百分比计算(一般是2%到5%);或规定若干个月份的利息。但最高违约金受到合同或法律的约束。 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they 违约金的有效期通常不会超过3年(也有的为5年)。有效期过后，违约金的比率会取消、或逐渐减少、或者只有余额的1%。每年只要部分提前还款不超过贷款余额的20%，就不用缴纳违约金。 对于个人住房贷款而言，在目前情况下，商业银行不希望个人住房贷款提前还贷，是因为它们一直把该类贷款看做是银行最优良贷款，各银行之间为了争夺个人住房信贷，竞争非常激烈，商业银行当然不愿个人住房信贷提前还贷。有些商业银行之所以对个人住房信贷提前还贷不敢收取违约金，并不是它们不想获得这块利润，而是银行之间的竞争使然。 而目前我国国内对于提前还款违约金的收取并没有统一的相关规定，应不应当收取提前还款违约金还在争论之中，各银行的处理方式也不尽相同，比较常见的做法是对于提前还款的个人贷款客户取消其房贷的七折利息优惠，如此一来增加了客户的利息金额，不少客户即打消了提前还款的想法。 六、 不论是等额本息还款法还是等额本金还款法，利息的本质都是不会改变的。利率是由无数人的“不耐(impatience)”共同决定的。由于不耐，也就是急躁，人们总想早点享受，于是出现了“现货”与“期货”的交换;也正是由于不耐，离今天越远的“期货”，其价值就越低。因此，若要达成“现货”与“期货”的交易，“期货”的数量就必须比“现货”的数量大，其中的差额便决定了利率的高低。 许多人由于不了解银行的利息计算原理，误以为采用等额本金还款法就可以节省利息，实际上不是那回事。大家都知道，钱在银行存一天就有一天的利息，存的钱越多，得到的利息就越多。同样，对于贷款来说也一样，银行的贷款多用一天，就要多付一天的利息，贷款的金额越大，支付给银行的利息也就越多。因此，利息的多少，在利率不变的情况下，决定因素只能是资金的实际占用时间和占用金额的大小，而不是采用哪种还款方式。这是铁定不变的道理。不同的还款方式，只是为满足不同收入、不同年龄、不同消费观念人们的不同需要或消费偏好而设定。其实质，无非是贷款本金因“朝三暮四”或“朝四暮三”式的先还后还，造成贷款本金事实上的长用短用、多用少用，进而影响利息随资金实际占用数量及期限长短的变化而增减。可见，不管采取哪种贷款还款方式，银行都没有做吃亏的买卖，客户也不存在节省利息支出的实惠。 资金的时间价值决定了贷款必然需要支付利息，而银行家采取各种方式来达到获取最大利润目标也无可厚非，在工程建设项目贷款抑或个人贷款中，只有合理选择恰当的贷款、还款方式，才能达到与银行家博弈的平衡点，获得更大的效益。故而需要我们仔细分析，做出最恰当最合适的选择。 等额本息还款法 即把按揭贷款的本金总额与利息总额相加，然后平均分摊到还款期限的每个月中，每个月的还款额是固定的，但每月还款额中的本金比重逐月递增、利息比重逐月递减。这种方法是目前最为普遍，也是大部分银行长期推荐的方式。 计算公式 每月还款额=贷款本金×月利率+贷款本金×月利率?(1+月利率)^还款总期数-1 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they 公式推导过程 等额本息还款公式推导设贷款总额为A，银行月利率为β，总期数为m(个月)，月还款额设为X，则各个月所欠银行贷款为:第一个月A 第二个月A(1+β)-X 第三个月(A(1+β)-X)(1+β)-X=A(1+β)2-X[1+(1+β)] 第四个月((A(1+β)-X)(1+β)-X)(1+β)-X =A(1+β)3-X[1+(1+β)+(1+β)2] „ 由此可得第n个月后所欠银行贷款为 A(1+β)n –X[1+(1+β)+(1+β)2+„+(1+β)n-1]= A(1+β)n –X[(1+β)n-1]/β 由于还款总期数为m，也即第m月刚好还完银行所有贷款，因此有 A(1+β)m –X[(1+β)m-1]/β=0 由此求得 X = Aβ(1+β)m /[(1+β)m-1] 与等额本金还款法的比较 一字之差，却是截然不同的两种还款方式。 ? 等额本息还款法 即借款人每月按相等的金额偿还贷款本息，其中每月贷款利息按月初剩余贷款本金计算并逐月结清。 由于每月的还款额相等，因此，在贷款初期每月的还款中，剔除按月结清的利息后，所还的贷款本金就较少;而在贷款后期因贷款本金不断减少、每月的还款额中贷款利息也不断减少，每月所还的贷款本金就较多。 这种还款方式，实际占用银行贷款的数量更多、占用的时间更长，同时它还便于借款人合理安排每月的生活和进行理财(如以租养房等)，对于精通投资、擅长于“以钱生钱”的人来说，无疑是最好的选择～ ?等额本金还款法 即借款人每月按相等的金额(贷款金额/贷款月数)偿还贷款本金，每月贷款利息按月初剩余贷款本金计算并逐月结清，两者合计即为每月的还款额。 计算公式: 每月应还本金:a/n 每月应还利息:an*i/30*dn 注:a贷款本金 i贷款月利率 n贷款月数 an第n个月贷款剩余本金，a1=a,a2=a-a/n,a3=2-2*a/n...以次类推 dn 第n个月的实际天数，如平年2月就为28，3月就为31，4月就为30，以次类推 由于每月所还本金固定，而每月贷款利息随着本金余额的减少而逐月递减，因此，等额本金还款法在贷款初期月还款额大，此后逐月递减(月递减额=月还本金×月利率)。例如同样是借10万元、15年期的公积金贷款，等额本息还款法的月还款额为760.40元，而等额本金还款法的首月还款额为923.06元(以后每月递减2.04元)，比前者高出163.34元。由于后者提前归还了部分贷款本金 ，较前者实际上是减少占用和缩短占用了银行的钱，当然贷款利息总的计算下来就少一些(10年下来共计为3613.55元)，而并不是借款人得到了什么额外实惠～ 此种还款方式，适合生活负担会越来越重(养老、看病、孩子读书等)或预计收入会逐步减少的人使用。 也就是说，等额本息还款法实际上是等比数列，等额本金还款法是等差数列。 可见，等额本金还款方式，不是节省利息的选择。如果真正有什么节省利息的良方，那就是应当学会理智消费，根据自己的经济实力，量体裁衣、量入为出，尽量少贷款、贷短款，才是唯一可行的方法。 误区 许多人由于不了解银行的利息计算原理，误以为采用等额本金还款法就可以节省利息，实际上根本不是那回事。 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they 贷款利息的多少由什么因素决定 大家都知道，钱在银行存一天就有一天的利息，存的钱越多，得到的利息就越多。同样，对于贷款来说也一样，银行的贷款多用一天，就要多付一天的利息，贷款的金额越大，支付给银行的利息也就越多。 银行利息的计算公式是:利息=资金额×利率×占用时间。 因此，利息的多少，在利率不变的情况下，决定因素只能是资金的实际占用时间和占用金额的大小，而不是采用哪种还款方式。这是铁定不变的道理～ 不同的还款方式，只是为满足不同收入、不同年龄、不同消费观念的人们的不同需要或消费偏好而设定。其实质，无非是贷款本金因“朝三暮四”或“朝四暮三”式的先还后还，造成贷款本金事实上的长用短用、多用少用，进而影响利息随资金实际占用数量及期限长短的变化而增减。 可见，不管采取哪种贷款还款方式，银行都没有做吃亏的买卖、客户也不存在节省利息支出的实惠。 6.2.6 establishing construction site welding secondary, secondary electrode consisted of Rod piled up, welding rod ovens, incubators, thermometers, hygrometers and backing of electrodes, receiving, payment and recovery system. And person responsible for the secondary database. 6.2.7 construction welding machines, grinding machines, plasma cutting machine tool experience is qualified. 6.2.8 welding electrodes, welding wire selection in line with national and industry standards requirements, welding material welding materials quality manual should be provided, its chemical composition, mechanical properties and other indicators should conform to the requirements of the relevant standards, appearance may not have defects such as corrosion, unqualified products cannot be used. 6.2.9 electrode, flux drying before use according to the regulations, and should be kept dry during use, wires should be removed before using the surface oil, rust, etc. Electrodes must not fall off, no rust spots and obvious cracks. 6.3 6.3.1 electrode electrode selection and management list trumpeter argon arc welding electrode arc welding of steel 10# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA 20# E4303 J427 H08Mn2SiA Q235-A E4303 J422, H08Mn2SiA 304 E308 A102 H0Cr21Ni10 316L E00-19 A002 H00Cr21Ni10 321 E347 A137 H0Cr21Ni10Ti 1 5Cr ... (2) the purity of argon carbon steel and alloy steel pipe shall not be less than 99.9%. (3) the welding field wind-proof, rain-proof measures must be taken, when the relative humidity is greater than 90%, when the wind speed is greater than 2m/s, do not allow application of argon arc welding, when the wind speed is greater than 8M/s, do not allow the application of arc welding. Welding shall not be less than 0 ? ambient temperature. (4) prior to welding, you should review the lip size, meet the requirements before they