及物动词与不及物动词的用法

及物动词与不及物动词的用法 及物动词后可以加宾语，不及物动词后不可以加宾语～ 如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句～～ (一、) 分清及物不及物: 分清动词的及物不及物是在学习中必须解决的首要问。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况: a(主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主，谓，宾";"主，谓，双宾";"主，谓，宾，宾补"结构。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b(主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主，谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c(既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d(既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。 这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。 we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 及物动词不需要介词 在英语错误中，"及物动词，介词，宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object)，是常见的一种。所谓及物动词，就是谓语动词(predicative verb)，不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的，不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词，虽然性质是及物的，但不一定要有宾语，如下列的?a和?a便是这种情形: ?a. We study every day. b. Do you study English every day. ?a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本质上就是不及物动词，就不会有宾语;若要宾语，就要借介词之助，一起连用才行，如?b和?b;?a和?a是错的; *?a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *?a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之，及物动词不必靠介词，就可以带宾语，如上述的?b和?b ，又如?和 ?: ? John is giving a book to me. ? Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上，就错了，如: *? Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子，也犯了同样的错: "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是个及物动词，后面的介词"for"是多余的，要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改为"waiting for"也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面，然后才带出宾语。最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about"，如: ? Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ? In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ? World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 显然的，这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的，不必要的。 下面是些类似的错误: ? The young must obey to their elders. ? Do not approach to that odd-looking man. ? The audience attacked on the rude speaker. ? Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes. ? Do you hope to serve for your nation? ? When did Susan marry with Paul? 介词"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对。 为什么会有这些错误呢,主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次，就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一，要把"及物动词，宾语"和"不及物动词，介词，宾语"划分清楚，如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二，把及物动词转化为名词，然后加上适当的介词和宾语，如: Don't approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?