2013年电接触功能复合材料制造行业分析报告

2013年电接触功能复合制造行业报告 2013 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 目 录 一、行业监管架构.............................................................................. 4 1、行业主管部门、行业监管体制....................................................................... 4 2、行业主要法律法规及政策............................................................................... 4 (1)行业主要法律法规 ..................................................................................... 4 (2)行业相关政策 ............................................................................................ 5 二、行业概况 ..................................................................................... 6 1、电接触功能复合材料行业简介....................................................................... 6 (1)产品用途 ................................................................................................... 6 (2)产品分类 ................................................................................................... 8 (3)电接触材料的制备方法 ............................................................................ 13 2、行业竞争格局和市场化程度......................................................................... 14 3、行业内的主要企业和主要企业的市场份额................................................. 16 4、行业进入障碍................................................................................................. 17 (1)技术壁垒 ................................................................................................. 17 (2)客户考核认证壁垒 ................................................................................... 18 (3)专业人才壁垒 .......................................................................................... 19 4)资金和规模壁垒 ...................................................................................... 20 ( 5、市场供求状况及变动原因............................................................................. 20 (1)电接触功能复合材料的供应状况 .............................................................. 20 (2)电接触功能复合材料的市场需求 .............................................................. 22 6、行业利润水平的变动趋势及变动原因......................................................... 31 (1)影响产品定价的因素 ............................................................................... 32 (2)影响产品成本的因素 ............................................................................... 33 三、影响行业发展的有利和不利因素.............................................. 33 1、有利因素......................................................................................................... 33 (1)产业政策支持 .......................................................................................... 33 (2)国际间的产业转移 ................................................................................... 35 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (3)相关下游行业的发展为电接触功能复合材料行业提供了广阔的市场空间 .. 35 (4)电接触功能复合材料的应用领域不断拓宽 ................................................ 35 2、不利因素......................................................................................................... 36 (1)原材料价格的波动 ................................................................................... 36 2)装备水平落后 .......................................................................................... 36 ( (3)国际竞争压力 .......................................................................................... 37 (4)环保要求的提高 ...................................................................................... 37 四、行业特点 ................................................................................... 37 1、行业技术水平及技术特点............................................................................. 37 2、行业技术创新类型......................................................................................... 38 (1)响应需求型技术创新 ............................................................................... 38 (2)引导需求型技术创新 ............................................................................... 39 2、行业特有的经营模式..................................................................................... 39 3、行业的周期性、区域性或季节性特征......................................................... 40 (1)周期性特征 ............................................................................................. 40 (2)区域性特征 ............................................................................................. 40 (3)季节性特征 ............................................................................................. 40 五、行业与上下游行业之间的关联性.............................................. 41 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 一、行业监管架构 1、行业主管部门、行业监管体制 复合材料领域的电接触功能复合材料制造行业，其管理体制为国家宏观指导和行业协会自律管理下的市场竞争体制。目前，行业行政主管部门为工业和信息化部，具体由节能与综合利用司负责对行业实施宏观调控;国家发展和改革委员会具体负责统筹协调行业发展的重大政策、规划、战略等。 中国电器工业协会电工合金分会为本行业的自律管理机构。协会主要负责行业自律管理、行业及市场研究、行业经营状况的统计分析、开展学术交流、维护会员单位和本行业的合法权益等。 2、行业主要法律法规及政策 (1)行业主要法律法规 本行业主要的法律法规如下表所示。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (2)行业相关政策 1)《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》 该规划纲要将能够满足国民经济基础产业发展需求的高性能复合材料、高性能工程塑料、具有环保和健康功能的绿色材料等产品列为制造业中的优先主。 2)《国家重点新产品技术优先发展技术领域(2010年)》 2009年9月科技部制定了《国家重点新产品技术优先发展技术领域(2010年)》，将电接触功能复合材料列入新材料技术领域中的高性能金属材料，确定其为国家优先发展的技术领域。 《国家重点支持的高新技术领域》、《当前优先发展的高技术产the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 业化重点领域指南》(2007年度)同时将新材料技术领域中的高性能金属材料确定为国家优先发展和重点支持的技术领域。 3)《中国鼓励引进技术目录》 为贯彻落实《国务院关于实施<国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)>若干配套政策的通知》(国发[2006]6号)要求，鼓励企业引进国外先进适用技术，商务部和国家税务总局联合制定了《中国鼓励引进技术目录》，环保型电接触材料制造技术被明确列入该目录。 二、行业概况 1、电接触功能复合材料行业简介 (1)产品用途 电工合金是电机、电器、仪器仪表、电子等工业用关键功能材料，按其功能不同，一般可分为电接触材料(又称电触头材料)、磁性材料、热双金属、测温材料、电热合金、导电材料、熔体材料、其他特种合金材料等。这些材料的共同特点是:用量不多，但要求品种多、规格全、性能高，其质量直接影响电工产品的性能水平。制造高质量的电工合金不但有助于制造品质优良的电工产品，而且可大大节约能源和原材料。所以电工合金的品种、质量、工艺技术水平已成为电机、电器等工业产品性能水平的标志之一。 电接触材料(包括银基电接触材料、铜基电接触材料)是电工合the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 金的关键功能材料，用于高低压开关触头，其性能直接影响到发电装备和输变电装备的技术水平。银基电触头普遍应用于各种低压电器，是低压电器的核心元件，广泛用于配电系统、家电、交通和控制机械设备中。 在电气、电子领域，电接触材料主要用作电触点、导电刷、集电环、换向片、整流片和接插件等，是电通断环节中重要的功能性元件。采用电接触元件的电机、电气开关、继电器、接插件等作为基础件在信息工程、家用电子电器、汽车工程等领域大量使用。这些电接触元件的性能直接影响所应用产品及整个系统的可靠性、稳定性、精度及使用寿命。同时，随着各类产品向高精度和微型化发展，对电接触元件的性能提出了更高的要求:具有优良的导电性、小而稳定的接触电阻、高的化学稳定性、耐磨性和抗电弧烧损能力。电接触元件必须在电阻率、接触电阻、密度、硬度、化学成分、抗熔焊性、抗腐蚀性、可焊性等方面可靠地满足应用的要求。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (2)产品分类 电接触材料主要采取贵金属与廉价金属或非金属微观或宏观的复合形式，其中银基材料在电接触功能复合材料中占主导地位，其属于新材料技术领域的高性能金属材料。(详细分类见《国家重点新产品优先发展技术领域》(2010年))通过先进的复合工艺，银基电接触功能复合材料既能保留了贵金属银和基材的主要特色，又能通过复合效应获得原组分所不具备的性能，互相补充，彼此兼顾。 电接触材料按照非贵金属相的形态和分布以及应用广泛程度，可以分为颗粒及纤维增强复合材料和层状复合材料两大类。电接触功能复合材料兼备其组成相的优点，因而具有优良的综合性能。其使用不仅具有重大的技术意义，由于明显降低贵金属用量而具有巨大的经济意义。 电接触材料按其应用领域可以分为用于轻负载电触头、低压电器用电触头和中高压电器用电触头的制造。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 1)轻负载电触头是指用于电子信息技术领域及控制、测量、调节系统中的工作电压小于30V、电流小于60A的电触头。这类电触头所用材料主要是银基复合电接触材料。 2)低压电器用电触头是指用于交流电压小于1,200V(或直流电压小于1,500V)、电流为6-6,300A、接通和分断电流可达100kA电器中的电触头。这类电触头所用材料主要是银基、铜基复合电接触材料。低压电器是电接触材料的主要应用领域。 低压电器用银基电触头材料是以第二相强化质点弥散分布于Ag基体中的一种复合材料，主要有以纯金属作为弥散强化相的银镍、银铁、银钨、银铝、银钼等复合材料;以氧化物作为弥散强化相的银氧化镉、银氧化锡、银氧化锌、银氧化铜等复合材料;以石墨为弥散强化相的银石墨复合材料。 A、纯金属弥散强化银基电触头材料 镍、铁、钨、钼等金属元素在液态银中只能有限溶解或不溶，在固态下与银几乎都不相溶，因此，将其加入银中可以显著提高材料的硬度和强度、改善电触头的抗电蚀性和抗变形性。这类材料通常使用粉末冶金方法制备，其工艺流程是采用机械混粉、共沉淀等方法制备混合粉末，再经过压制成型、烧结、精整等制成。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste B、氧化物弥散强化银基电触头材料 氧化物弥散强化银基电触头材料多种多样，不同方法制备的电触头性能也有较大差异，目前应用较为广泛的主要有银氧化镉和银氧化锌。 ?银氧化镉 氧化物弥散强化银基电触头材料的典型代表银氧化镉因兼具银的高导热、导电性能和低接触电阻以及氧化镉颗粒抗熔焊、抗粘结能力，使其在各类低压电器中得到广泛应用，被誉为“万能触头”。 ?银氧化锌 银氧化锌电触头材料是由第二相氧化锌弥散分布于银基体中的金属复合材料，是目前公认的最有希望替代银氧化镉的材料，但接触电阻、温升、灭弧、加工性能仍然相对较差，特别是加工性能差，是制约银氧化锌发展的关键因素。到目前为止，银氧化锌也只能在部分场合替代银氧化镉。 C、低压电器用电触头材料的电气性能和用途 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 3)高压电器用电触头是指用于交流电压大于1,200V(或直流电压大于1,500V)中的高压电器中的电触头，包括真空电器用电触头。这类电触头所用材料主要是铜基复合电接触材料。 常用的有Cu50W合金、Cu50Cr合金和CuAl2O3合金。Cu50W合金主要用于真空电路中、小于等于10kA的高压开关电接点及电火花放电电极等;Cu50Cr合金用于真空开关电器;CuAl2O3合金有高的强度、导电和导热性，特别是有高的抗软化温度和再结晶温度，用于电阻焊机的电极、X射the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 线管、微波管、混合电路封装、换向器、开关部件等。 (3)电接触材料的制备方法 电接触材料的制备方法对电接触材料性能影响很大，某些情况下可以说决定了电接触材料的性能。银基电接触材料的主要制备方法有机械合金化工艺、粉末冶金法及内氧化法等。 A、机械合金化(Mechanical Alloying，MA)工艺 机械合金化是上世纪60年代由美国Benjamin首先提出，该工艺采用高能球磨技术，是一种固态下合成平衡相、非平衡相或混合相的工艺，可以达到元素间原子级水平的合金化。经过近几十年的发展，机械合金化技术已经成为制备新型高性能材料的重要途径之一，也是目前制备纳米材料的重要手段。该工艺制备出的电接触材料，由于内部微观组织结构的超细化和特殊化，其物理性能和化学性能都要优于常规方法制备的电接触材料，特别是在蒸气压、电导率、热导率、强度及电损蚀性能方面提高更是明显，目前已被公认为一种制备电接触材料的有效方法。 B、粉末冶金法 粉末冶金法是最早用来制造金属基复合材料的方法，主要用于制造颗粒或晶须增强金属基复合材料。该方法是将金属(合金)粉末与增强颗粒(或晶须)以机械混合、共沉积、共喷射、合金雾化和机械合金化等方法混合，再经后续加工制成复合材料坯料，经挤压、锻造、轧制、拉拔等加工制成成品，也可直接制成复合材料零件。该法可以the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 制备以贵金属为基体，以其它金属、金属间化合物、氧化物和其它化合物的颗粒(或晶须)为增强相的复合材料;用粉末冶金坯锭加大变形方法还可以制备纳米直径短纤维复合材料。 C、内氧化法 合金内氧化法是将合金粉末或型材在氧化气氛中一定温度条件下加热一定时间，借助氧扩散机制，合金中活性溶质元素逐渐被氧化形成稳定氧化物而析出的过程。在贵金属元素及其合金中，Ag及其合金具有较好的内氧化效应，所有具有一定固溶度的溶质元素与Ag所形成的合金都具有内氧化效应。 2、行业竞争格局和市场化程度 中国改革开放以来，国民经济的高速、持续、稳定的发展，国外的电接触功能复合材料行业技术力量和经济实力最强的三大公司都以不同的形式和规模进入了中国市场。AMI DODUCO于1999年11月在中国独资成立领先大都克(天津)电触头制造有限公司;2005年METALOR公司在中国成立了美泰乐(苏州)有限公司;2006年，UMICORE公司全资收购苏州合金材料有限责任公司。同时，国际电器生产巨头如:ABB、施耐德、通用电气和西门子等公司也在中国开展了一系列并购行动，国外电器行业开始以产业链的形式进入中国。 国内电接触材料生产企业和国外电接触材料生产企业可谓泾渭分明，前者的客户主要为国内电器生产厂商，对国外高端客户销售收入占其主营收入比例很低，后者的客户主要为ABB、施耐德、通用the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 电气等国外大型电器企业。与国外电接触材料生产企业相比，国内企业在品牌、规模等方面差距较大。 据电工合金分会统计,目前国内从事电触头材料生产的企业有60多家(仅指电工合金分会的成员)。在60多家分会成员中,大部分为民营企业(约占90%)。大多数生产企业虽然有一定生产经验，占有一定市场，但品种较单一。还有少数乡镇企业，技术人员缺乏，生产设备落后，企业管理水平低下，多以价格竞争为生存方式。行业中约有10家企业具有一定规模和技术力量，其产品品种、技术人员及生产设备较其他企业有较大优势。 就触头材料的品种和性能而言，目前国际上通用的电触头材料品种国内电接触材料生产企业均能生产。总体上说，也能满足电器开关的需求，某些品种已接近或达到国际先进水平。但就生产规模、工艺水平、产品质量等方面而言，我国与发达国家的触头材料相比尚存在较大差距。主要表现在: (1)企业规模小，生产线分散，资金不雄厚，不足以淘汰落后设备，添加必要的新设备，以提高产品质量、稳定生产和开发新产品。有的企业生产线设备陈旧，自动化程度很低，手工操作的设备受人员素质的影响，产品质量往往不稳定。 (2)材料多以触头、线材、片材形式作为终端产品，缺少触头元器件(如与塑料件或与触桥组装的元器件)或组合件产品。这不仅不能给企业带来更多的附加值，也难以保证触头用于电器开关后的质量。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (3)对原材料的要求与检测以及产品的后处理技术不够重视。企业在这两端的工装条件也比较落后或不齐全。这一方面反映出企业(特别是小企业)对触头材料的质量控制规律认识不足。 另一方面，虽然部分企业意识到对原材料和产品工艺过程控制的重要性，但因缺乏研究成果或技术，提不出具体要求与方法，更因受资金的影响，不能购进必要的测试仪器与处理设备，从而丧失对这两个重要工艺过程的控制，并最终影响了产品的性能。这一问题对AgSnO2替代AgCdO的影响尤为突出。 (4)注重生产，忽视科研。不仅企业，还包括研究所等事业单位在内，首先考虑的是盈利问题，对于新产品、新工艺、新技术等的投入和关注则排在了次要位置。 电接触功能复合材料行业属于技术密集型和资金密集型行业，行业准入门槛较高，但本行业属开放性行业，市场化程度较高。 3、行业内的主要企业和主要企业的市场份额 目前国内电接触功能复合材料行业的主要企业有:福达合金材料股份有限公司、中希合金有限公司及本公司等。根据2010年中国电器工业年鉴，2009年电接触功能复合材料行业内主要企业的经济指标如下表所示。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 上述企业2009年的工业总产值约占电工合金行业工业总产值的50%左右。截至2010年6月30日，公司工业总产值、销售收入、利润总额和销售利润率等指标均排名电工合金行业同类产品的前三位。 4、行业进入障碍 在中国电接触功能复合材料生产企业中，绝大多数是进行同质化竞争的中小型企业。少数具有品牌、技术和销售网络优势的领先企业占据了行业领导地位。这类领先企业的市场份额在行业发展和整合趋势中将继续扩大，也将为新进入者构筑较高的障碍和壁垒。 (1)技术壁垒 电接触材料制造行业属于技术密集型行业，本行业拥有较高的技术壁垒。从行业角度来看，本行业通过融合机械加工学、材料学、数控技术、信息技术等学科来从事产品的制造服务，为此需要对相应学科具有全面的了解和综合的认识，并具有能将其综合运用于实际生产的能力。从服务客户角度来看，本行业服务的客户领域广泛，涉及工the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 业电器、家电、汽车制造业和通讯等众多行业，各行业客户对电接触材料产品具有不同的需求，相关产品具有品种繁多，工艺复杂，新工艺、新材料的应用层出不穷等特点，本行业企业在制造过程中需要具有为客户提供系列化制造服务的能力。从制造过程角度来看，首先需要企业有能力将信息控制系统、物料储运系统和数字控制加工设备形成一个有机制造系统，以实现行业不可缺少的柔性制造特征;其次，在产品制造过程中，企业需要具有从事电接触材料生产的各种能力(如热处理、检测、焊接等)，任何过程中的瑕疵都将导致最终产品成品率下降，从而影响企业所在整个供应链的运转。随着行业快速发展，订单数量、订单规模越来越向技术层次较高、规模化的公司集中，而小规模公司受限于其自身技术能力，将导致订单量稀少，继而导致盈利空间越来越小，这将增加行业新进入者的市场风险。 电接触功能复合材料行业由于其产品技术含量高、价值昂贵、生产工艺复杂，需要多专业及交叉专业技术，产品和技术更新快，因而本行业对于新进入者有较高的技术壁垒。 (2)客户考核认证壁垒 出于专业化分工的考虑，终端设备生产商纷纷将电接触材料加工外包给电接触材料生产企业。通常，客户对电接触材料及元件供应商进行系统性考核认证，考核的内容主要包括企业管理体系、质量体系、环境体系、技术能力、品牌形象、生产管理流程、产品质量稳定性等方面。上述供应商认证的周期较长，通常从数月到一至二年不等。只the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 有通过了资格认证，方能为客户供应优质、稳定、可靠的产品。 由于电接触材料用于工业产品的关键部件或用于关键工艺过程中，有缺陷的电接触材料产品往往给下游客户造成巨大的经济损失，因而电接触材料产品在被用户接受前均需要经过严格的测试和认证，产品定型后一般不作改变。电接触材料产品需要进行长期的可靠性等质量认证，时间从数月到一至二年不等，新进入者在短期内难以形成销售规模。通常较为完整的产品认证过程如下图所示: 经过多年的发展，少数具有品牌、技术优势的领先企业在产品性能上得到客户的认可，并与之形成稳定的合作关系。出于质量、安全性能方面的考虑，客户一般不会轻易更换供应商。 (3)专业人才壁垒 电接触功能复合材料行业具有客户领域分布广泛、产品种类繁多和更新换代快等特点，不同领域产品的材料特性、结构设计特点、加工标准、表面处理要求等方面存在差异，生产工艺复杂，并涉及到多专业及交叉专业技术，需要电接触材料生产企业经过长时间的实践，培养合格的工程技术人员和生产技术人员，并积累相关的数据与经验，才能保证研发课题的顺利实现及对新产品、新技术的开拓和发展，以实现产品快速及时的更新换代，否则将被客户所淘汰。长时间的实the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 践积累和员工培养是进入本行业的重要壁垒。 (4)资金和规模壁垒 电接触材料中使用了大量的贵金属，对资本投入规模要求较高，同时，下游客户尤其是知名企业对供应商的生产规模有较高的要求。资本投入和生产规模成为进入本行业的壁垒之一。 5、市场供求状况及变动原因 (1)电接触功能复合材料的供应状况 1)国外电接触功能复合材料行业生产情况 国外电接触制造企业有AMI DODUCO、METALOR、UMICORE、东芝电气公司、日本钨公司、中外电气工业公司、田中贵金属工业公司、韩国喜星贵金属公司、美国EMS公司和TMI公司等，其中前三家公司是世界上主要的电接触材料供应商。UMICORE供应ABB公司用触头的30%，西门子公司触头的90%，AEC公司的50%。METALOR公司占施耐德触头供应的24%、ABB的23%、通用电气PC(通用电气发电控制)的15%。2009年METALOR公司的净销售收入(不含贵金属价格波动因素)约为2.62亿瑞士法郎，实现净利润1.17亿瑞士法郎;METALOR公司2010年上半年的净销售收入(不含贵金属价格波动因素)为1.68亿瑞士法郎，同比增长30%。2009年AMI DODUCO公司的净销售收入(不含贵金属价格波动因素)约为3.99亿美元。(资料来源:METALOR2009年报、2010年半年报，AMI DODUCO公司2009the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 年年报)。 2)国内电接触功能复合材料供应情况 2009年，国际金融危机对电工合金行业的影响基本消失，以复铜钢和电器元件为代表的产品进入规模化生产，整个行业的工业总产值大幅增长，全行业完成工业总产值约600,000万元，比上年增长21%。 2009年，全行业银基电触头材料(线材、片材)产量约为1,020t，同比增长5%;铜基触头材料(主要为CuW触头，不含真空开关用触头和低压用铜基触头)约为390t，同比增长8%;真空开关用触头材料(主要为CuCr系列)产量约310万片，同比增长7%;其他电工合金材料(包括换向器用银铜合金、热双金属和焊料等)约7,050t，同比增长10%。 我国的电接触材料生产企业，绝大多数是进行同质化竞争的中小型企业。少数具有品牌、技术和销售网络等优势的领先企业依靠大量的研发投入及持续的产品创新，提高了产品附加值。其中，以复铜钢及由复铜钢制造的触头元件为代表的产品生产线陆续投入运行并批量生产，产值和利润均有较大幅度的提高，也使企业在竞争中处于有利地位。(资料来源:2010年中国电器工业年鉴) 2006年-2009年电工合金行业分类产品产量如下表所示: the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (2)电接触功能复合材料的市场需求 电接触元件作为电机、电气开关、继电器、接插件等的基础元器件，在信息工程、工业用低压电器、家用电器、汽车工程及高压电器等领域大量使用。下面分别从轻负载、低压电器和高压电器用电接触材料来分析市场需求。 1)轻负载用电接触材料 通讯等轻负载领域对电接触材料需求的增加，为电接触功能复合材料行业的发展提供良好的契机，使得相应电接触材料产品的产量逐年上升。 在通讯领域，高精度异型丝用于手机微型震动电机，高精度多层薄带用于手机按键。 2009年，规模以上电子信息制造业实现收入51,305亿元，同比增长0.1%;利润1,791亿元，同比增长5.2%。2010年1-11月，我国规模以上电子信息制造业增加值增长17.2%，比去年同期加快13.4the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 个百分点;实现销售产值56,656亿元，同比增长25.7%。 2)低压电器用电接触材料 电接触功能复合材料主要供给低压电器行业，是低压电器行业发展的基础。低压电器基本可分为工业用电器、家用电器及汽车电器三大应用领域，所用电接触材料品种繁多。近几年低压电器行业的快速发展及市场容量的不断扩大，带动了电接触功能复合材料行业的迅速发展。 A、工业用低压电器领域 ?工业用低压电器行业概述 国内电接触功能复合材料行业的主要下游行业为工业用低压电器行业。按照国家标准，低压电器包括适用电压在交流1,200V、直流1,500V以下的电气线路中用于电能分配、电路连接、电路切换、电路保护、控制及显示的各类电器元件和组件。各类低压电器主要应用于工厂、商场、住宅等工业用、商用及民用建筑中的配电系统;机床等各类工业设备的电气控制部件;电网的配套设施等，应用十分广泛。电接触材料约占各类工业用低压电器成本的20%左右。 低压电器作为国民经济中的基础产品，广泛应用于生产及居民生活中，其在电能传输过程中的不可替代性决定了低压电器具备稳定的the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 市场需求。我国是全球增长最为迅速的低压电器市场，根据中国电器工业协会低压电器分会统计，2000年-2008年我国低压电器市场年均复合增长率在15%以上，2008年全行业销售收入约为437亿元。2009年低压电器行业总体上继续保持了平稳发展的态势，经济运行效率和运行质量保持良好。根据低压电器行业各企业上报的数据来看，整个低压电器行业的产量和产值较2008年均有一定的增长，且发展相对较平稳。 ?工业用低压电器市场前景分析 低压电器产品广泛应用于各个行业，与社会固定资产投资相关度高。低压电器广泛应用于机械制造、房地产、钢铁、石化等行业，与社会固定资产投资紧密相关，因此低压电器需求受到各个行业投资状况的影响。全社会固定资产投资持续增长提升低压电器行业景气度。2008年全社会固定资产投资172,291亿元，比2007年增长25.5%;2000-2008年全社会固定资产投资年均复合增长率为23.01%，因此带动低压电器行业总产值年均复合增长率在15%以上。尤其是各地的城市扩建、城镇化和新农村建设带动的房地产投资的持续高速增长，为低压电器创造了广阔的市场空间。根据中国电器工业协会通用低压电器分会的预测，受经济快速发展的带动，低压电器产品市场容量将保持约15%的增长速度，市场发展前景良好。2008年出台的4万亿元投the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 资计划及十大产业振兴规划将继续推行，有利于提升国内低压电器市场需求。因此，低压电器产品需求仍将维持较高的景气度，同时也将带动电接触功能复合材料行业市场需求的快速增长。(资料来源:2010年我国低压电器市场将继续增长，低压电器2010年第6期)。 低压电器行业的市场容量与电力事业的发展紧密相连。国内电网建设的飞速发展，必将为低压电器行业发展带来广阔的空间。由于电能通过低压电器分配实现利用，预计每新增1万kW装机容量，约需6万件各类低压电器产品与之配套，因此，新增装机容量所需的配套设施将构成对低压电器的巨大需求。随着我国电力行业的快速发展，电力装机容量持续增长，与之相配套的低压电器产品需求巨大。经济发展导致对电能的需求和依赖不断增大，作为承担电能输送与分配、用电设备保护与控制的低压电器在电能传输过程中的不可替代性决定了其具备稳定的市场需求。目前，世界各国每年都投入大量资金对低压电器进行研究与开发。我国电力投资规模逐年大幅度递增，将会加大对高低压电器的需求，进一步将拉大对电接触材料的需求。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 根据中电联发布的数据显示，2010 年我国电力工程建设继续保持较大投资规模，全国电力工程建设累计完成投资额为7,051 亿元，全国电力工程建设9,127万千瓦，2010 年底全国发电机装机容量9.6 亿kW，较上年增长10.07,，发电设备的大量生产势必需要相应的低压电器配套。随着我国电力行业的快速发展，电力装机容量持续增长，与之相配套的低压电器产品需求巨大。中国电力企业联合会发布的数据，2010 年全社会用电量为4.19 万亿kWh，发电装机容量为9.6亿kW。以年增长9%的速度预测，2011 年和2012 年我国发电设备总装机容量将分别达到10.4 和11.3 亿千瓦。按照每增加1 万千瓦发电量约需6 万件低压电器产品配套来计算，2011 和2012 年我国新增各类低压电器需求将达到每年5.4 亿件，市场空间广阔。(资the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 料来源:中国电器工业协会网站、低压电器行业研究报告) 出于产品寿命、安全性及稳定性等考虑，一般低压电器产品使用周期在5年左右，因此低压电器产品存在稳定而可持续的更新维修需求。截至2010年底，中国总电力装机容量为9.6亿千瓦。若根据1万千瓦发电量，约需6万件各类低压电器产品与之配套计，可简单估计目前在使用中的各类低压电器产品约有57.6亿件，未来5年将以每年20%的速度逐步更新换代。构筑于日益增长的经济总量基础上的数量巨大的在用低压电器产品，存在着可观的更新需求。 中国目前已成为世界低压电器的制造基地，与之配套的电触头材料的市场需求量不断增长。近年来，电接触材料及电工合金材料产销量逐年增加。 B、家用电器领域 用于家用电器开关的继电器是家电行业使用最广泛的电器之一。据统计，家用电器用继电器在全球继电器应用领域占7%左右。在我国，家用电器用继电器约占国内继电器市场的35%左右。我国已经成为家用电器的生产大国，通用小型继电器在我国主要家电行业的应用情况如下表所示: 2010年，我国家电制造行业累计完成工业销售产值82,882.14亿元，同比增长32.3%。其中，家用电冰箱累计完成产量6,519.02 万台，the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 同比增长27.17%;家用冷柜累计完成产量1,432.43万台，同比增长38.86%;房间空调器累计完成产量9,389.58万台，同比增长35.29%;家用洗衣机累计完成产量4,896.99 万台，同比增长28.39%。(数据来源:Wind资讯) 家用电器行业的高速增长主要有以下原因:?家电下乡所产生的农村销售额不断增长。2010年12月家电下乡销售额229亿元，创下单月销售新高。2010年全年家电下乡产品累计销售7,718万台，实现销售收入1,732亿元，同比分别增长1.3倍和1.7倍。而这些数据背后所隐藏的更深层次的原因是农民的收入在不断地提高。?虽然商业房地产一直处于政府调控中，但是保障房建设规模将进一步加大。中国住房和城乡建设部称，2011年将投资逾1.3万亿元，建设1,000万套保障房。保障性住房体系和商品房体系并行的双轨制将会主导行业未来的发展，而这将大大拉动家电行业未来的销售业绩。(数据来源:中国轻工业联合会) 2011年是我国“十二五”规划的开始之年，家电行业迎来了两大利好政策:《关于加快我国家用电器行业自主品牌建设的指导意见》的发布，明确要求未来五年要形成3—5个国际品牌;《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》的发布实施被专家们认为是我国家电市场下一个千亿市场形成的开端。家用电器行业的发展将带动继电器行业的发展，继而带动电接触材料行业的发展。 C、汽车工程 继电器是汽车零部件中一种重要的电子元器件，它广泛应用于控the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 制汽车启动、预热、空调、灯光、雨刮、电喷、油泵、防盗、音响、通信、导航、电动风扇、冷却风扇、电动门窗、安全气囊、防抱死制动、悬架控制以及汽车电子仪表和故障诊断等系统中。其在汽车中的应用量仅次于汽车电子传感器。随着人们对汽车人性化、舒适化要求的提高，近年来汽车继电器的用量呈现快速上升趋势。预计到2013年，平均每辆汽车所用的继电器总数将由现在的20只左右上升到30-35只。 随着近年来汽车电子、电器产品的发展，汽车继电器也得到了跨越式的发展，世界汽车继电器的生产和销售正呈逐步上升趋势。预计未来几年，汽车的电子化程度将会不断提升，汽车行业对汽车电子电器的需求也将日益增加。 根据美国风险发展公司(Venture Development Corporation)2007年8月对全球电磁及固体继电器市场的调查报告显示，目前汽车继电器的销售额约占全球电磁及固体继电器总销售额的21%，并且汽车行业已超过通信行业，成为继电器的第一大应用领域市场。同时统计数据还显示，2006 年全球电磁及固体继电器销售额达44 亿美元，其中the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 汽车继电器销售额为9.2 亿美元。预计到2011 年全球电磁及固体继电器销售额将达59.5 亿美元，其中汽车继电器销售额将达到12.5 亿美元，年均增幅将达6.2%。2007 年在汽车的总制造成本中，约有22%是来自汽车电子电器，预计到2010 年这一比例将有可能达到30%-40%。由于汽车继电器的年均增幅的提升，将会带动电触点行业的发展。(数据来源:中国自动化网) 随着汽车产业的发展，汽车用直流电机需求量大大增加，用于直流电机换向器的银铜合金的需求也相应增加，因此该类产品的产量增长最快。 近几年来，我国汽车工业迅猛发展。2010 年，我国汽车工业延续了2009 年的发展态势，在购置税优惠、以旧换新、汽车下乡、节能惠民产品补贴等多种鼓励消费政策叠加效应的作用下，汽车产销双双超过1,800 万辆，分别为1,826.47万辆和1,806.19 万辆，同比增长32.44%和32.37%，创全球历史新高，再次蝉联全球第一。2010 年，规模以上企业完成工业总产值4.34 万亿元，同比增长36.25%。(数据来源:中国汽车工业协会) the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 3)高压电器用电接触材料 2009 年，受国内投资拉动、国家政策扶持和宏观经济基本面转暖等利好因素影响，高压开关行业继续保持平稳快速增长态势。行业实现工业总产值1,340.64 亿元，比上年增长17.02%;实现利润总额164.29 亿元，比上年增长23.08%。(数据来源:2010 年中国电器工业年鉴) 2009 年，高压开关行业完成工业总产值1,340.641,，其中完成高压开关产值830.03 亿元，2002-2009 高压开关行业利润增长率如下图所示: 近几年高压开关行业处于高速增长期，利润增长率均保持在20%以上。 6、行业利润水平的变动趋势及变动原因 虽然电接触功能复合材料行业竞争较为充分，但由于市场容量的稳步增长，传统电接触材料生产企业的利润水平整体保持平稳态势。而拥有雄厚研发实力和先进技术装备，能够生产高附加值的新产品或the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 实现规模化经营的企业，利润水平较高，具有更强的盈利能力。电接触功能复合材料行业企业的利润水平存在较大差别，特别是近年银、铜等原材料价格高位运行且波动较大，如果企业不能采取有效措施消除或减少原材料价格大幅波动对生产经营的影响，将直接影响到企业的经营成果。 产品的利润水平由产品价格和成本共同决定，影响产品定价和成本的因素主要包括以下几个方面: (1)影响产品定价的因素 1)产品精密度。产品精密度越高，加工难度越大，产品的价格也越高。 2)产品结构复杂度。产品结构越复杂，在产品设计、工艺设计到加工制造等环节需要投入的人力物力就越多，对技术水平要求也越高，因此，产品价格也会越高。 3)产品表面需求。产品对表面需求的要求越严格，其表面处理的工艺就越复杂，产品的价格也越高。 影响行业内企业产品价格的其他因素，还包括下游客户的需求状况、产品的特点等。通常，为国内外知名电器生产企业提供产品的电接触材料生产企业利润水平相对较高，这主要因为国内外知名电器生产企业对产品质量要求严格，产品的复杂度和精密度较高，产品的更新速度快。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste (2)影响产品成本的因素 1)企业的技术水平。企业的技术水平越高，生产的工艺、流程和管理越先进，可适当降低产品的生产成本。 2)产品批量大小。产品的批量越大，分摊到每个产品的固定成本就越低，产品的生产成本通常也越低。 除此之外，原材料价格和人工成本也是影响产品成本的重要因素，金属原材料价格和人工成本出现波动将影响行业的利润水平。 根据中国电器工业协会电工合金分会统计，2009年，电接触功能复合材料行业所属的电工合金行业产品销售收入约573,000万元，利润总额约为29,500万元，出口创汇2,000万美元，比上年增长18%。这与下游企业的需求仍存在较大的差距，电工合金行业拥有良好的发展前景。 三、影响行业发展的有利和不利因素 1、有利因素 (1)产业政策支持 指导“十二五”规划制定工作的纲领性文件——《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》(以下简称“建议”)，于2010年10月全文发布。《建议》明确提出，将坚持把“经济结构战略性调整”作为加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。并明确指出，要提高中国经济增长的科技含量，发展结构优化、技术先进、清the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 洁安全、附加值高、吸纳就业能力强的现代产业体系，提升制造业核心竞争力。 1)发展先进装备制造业，调整优化原材料工业，改造提升消费品工业，促进制造业由大变强。完善依托国家重点工程发展重大技术装备政策，提高基础工艺、基础材料、基础元器件研发和系统集成水平。支持企业技术改造，增强新产品开发能力和品牌创建能力。合理引导企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度，发展拥有国际知名品牌和核心竞争力的大中型企业，提升小企业专业化分工协作水平，促进企业组织结构优化。 2)强化核心关键技术研发，突破重点领域，积极有序发展新一代信息技术、节能环保、新能源、生物、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等产业，加快形成先导性、支柱性产业，切实提高产业核心竞争力和经济效益。发挥国家重大科技专项的引领支撑作用，实施产业创新发展工程，加强财税金融政策支持，推动高技术产业做强做大。 2010年10月，国务院下发《关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》，我国新兴产业成长路线图基本绘就，其明确将从财税金融等方面出台一揽子政策加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业。到2015年，战略性新兴产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重要力争达到8%左右。计划到2020年，使新材料、节能环保、新一代信息技术等七大战略性新兴产业增加值占国内生产总值比重力争达15%左右。 作为基础原材料产业，电接触功能复合材料行业的发展对于提升我国低压电器产品以及装备制造业产品的技术水平、对于保障我国社the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 会经济运行安全具有重要意义。 (2)国际间的产业转移 随着我国加入世界贸易组织，国内制造业格局发生了巨大的变化，一方面是中国企业的产品走向世界，参与国际竞争，另一方面是全球跨国企业纷纷来国内抢占全球最大、最具潜力的消费市场，这使得我国迅速成为世界制造中心。作为制造工业链中的重要环节，本行业近年来得到了快速发展。许多国际知名电器企业纷纷在中国建立生产基地和全球采购平台，增加在中国的采购量。 (3)相关下游行业的发展为电接触功能复合材料行业提供了广阔的市场空间 中低压开关电器应用面很广，几乎涉及到所有的产业部门，相应地对银基触头的需求量十分巨大。例如，发电设备所发出电能的80%以上是通过低压电器分配使用的。每新增1万kW发电设备，约需6万件各类低压电器产品配套。另外，低压电器与电机总安装容量之比约为0.5件/W，即一套30万kW的发电设备需180万件低压电器元件与之配套，其中包括框架式断路器6,900台，塑壳式断路器66,000台。 (4)电接触功能复合材料的应用领域不断拓宽 电接触功能复合材料目前主要应用于工业用低压电器领域，在家用电器、汽车工程及通信等领域由于产能的限制仅有少许应用。未来，the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 电接触功能复合材料的应用领域将伴随着性能的提升及产量的扩大而持续扩展，特别是汽车工程和通信领域，如汽车用继电器、开关触点等细分市场将不断扩大，推动电接触功能复合材料市场整体规模的增长。 2、不利因素 (1)原材料价格的波动 近年来，金属银、铜等原材料价格攀升后出现了大幅波动，一方面占用了企业大量的流动资金，另一方面也对企业的原材料采购、生产周期、库存管理、销售回款等各方面提出了更严峻的挑战。金属银、铜价格大幅波动很可能在短期内给企业生产经营造成较大的影响，资金实力弱的企业难以承受原材料价格的大幅波动。 从行业发展趋势看，原材料价格波动将会淘汰资金实力弱、产品技术含量低的企业，从而提高行业的市场集中度，形成有序的市场竞争格局。 (2)装备水平落后 受我国装备行业整体发展水平的影响，国内大部分中小电接触材料生产企业设备自动化、数字化程度低，精密度和稳定性差，而欧洲和日本等国生产的模具制造设备和电接触材料生产设备价格昂贵，很多小规模企业无力购买，而出口国的产业政策限制也加大了国内企业购买先进装备的难度，导致行业的装备水平与制造强国相比存在较大the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 的差距，也导致了产品质量的差距。 (3)国际竞争压力 近年来，国内电接触功能复合材料行业已逐步走向了国际市场，但与发达国家的竞争对手相比还存在明显的不足。具体表现在，发达国家的竞争对手大多为跨国经营的大型企业，无论是资金实力、技术实力、制造能力、服务能力，还是供应链管理能力都相对国内企业拥有明显的优势。在技术服务环节上，虽然国内发展较好的企业同样能够为客户提供较快的样品试制、对产品提出建设性解决、实现新品快速转批量生产，但对产品功能的把握及时效性上与发达国家竞争对手相比还存在一定的差距，从而导致在对国际大型客户的争夺上，国际竞争对手还存在明显的竞争优势。 (4)环保要求的提高 美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区相继出台了环保法规，对电接触材料产品的有害物质含量等环保指标提出了明确的要求。国内相关部门也先后颁布了相应的法规，限制在一些产品中使用有害物质。 四、行业特点 1、行业技术水平及技术特点 以发行人为代表的少数掌握高端电接触功能复合材料自主知识产权的国内企业通过自主研发，替代进口，结合市场需求研发出一批the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 拥有自主知识产权的产品。此类企业拥有独特配方，并可根据自身工艺流程特点设计制造设备，工艺路线亦不断摸索完善，已形成根据客户需求研发不同性能产品的一定的研发能力，同时正为未来五到十年内的产品进行预研、专利申请和中试。在部分国内高速发展的新兴领域，相比国外企业研究更为深入，产品性能更好、更迅速地应对市场变化。 近年来，尽管国内电接触材料领域的研究和技术进步很快，但受制于国内工业化进程以及自身的技术实力，与国外同行业企业相比，国内绝大多数电接触材料生产企业在材料的组份、性能等方面的研发创新能力仍较为薄弱，缺乏领先的自主创新成果，仅能被动满足下游生产企业的需求，在一定程度上形成了竞争劣势。虽然已有少数国内企业开始涉足高端市场，但整体规模仍偏小，且在产品、技术的丰富程度等方面仍居于劣势。 2、行业技术创新类型 根据技术创新与下游需求的关系，技术创新可以分为“响应需求型技术创新”和“引导需求型技术创新”: (1)响应需求型技术创新 下游客户因产品性能的提升或新产品的开发对材料产生需求，上游材料厂商根据其需求开发新产品、新技术，值得注意的是，在市场上已有产品能够满足客户需求的时候，因产品成本、生产安全等因素the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 的存在，仍然存在响应型技术创新的空间。 (2)引导需求型技术创新 在技术积累到一定程度后，在下游无明确产品需求的情况下，材料企业可以对产品、技术进行主动改进，推出性能更为优异、生产成本更为低廉的产品，来吸引、引导下游客户的需求。 响应型技术创新多存在于工业化进程之中，在对行业产品和技术研发积累了足够的经验之后，逐渐进入引导型技术创新阶段。工业化水平的高低会直接影响企业进入引导型技术创新的时间。 2、行业特有的经营模式 电接触功能复合材料行业普遍采用以下经营模式: the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 3、行业的周期性、区域性或季节性特征 (1)周期性特征 电接触材料作为各类电气电子产品的基础材料，广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域，与人们的生活息息相关，因此电接触材料产品的需求多表现为硬需求，行业周期性与国民经济景气度及周期性相关。 (2)区域性特征 温州市是我国低压电器的重要生产基地，集聚了1,300余家低压电器产品生产经营企业，拥有“正泰”和“德力西”等多个低压电器行业“中国驰名商标”， 是国内同行业持证最多、质量最优的生产基地。2006年，温州市电器行业产值280 亿元，销售额占全国的60%。该地区低压电器的生产规模、品种和产值均居全国第一，是中国最大的低压电器产销基地和出口基地。基于以上原因，国内生产电接触材料的主要企业也集中于此。 其他制造业发达的长三角、珠三角等地区，对电接触功能复合材料及元件有较大需求，表现出较为明显的地域性特征。 (3)季节性特征 从行业内企业的产销情况来看，行业无明显的季节性特性。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 五、行业与上下游行业之间的关联性 本行业的上游行业为国内或国际的一些大型资源类企业或者相关联的有色金属大型贸易公司等原材料供应商，下游行业为低压电器等工业行业。其上下游产业链关系如下图所示。 上游行业为本行业提供生产所需的原材料白银和铜等。近年来全球银价和铜价在高位波动，对本行业企业的生产经营带来了一定的成本压力。尽管如此，具有规模优势和品牌优势的企业，可以通过成本转嫁等方式减弱上游行业的影响。 作为下游行业的低压电器等工业行业，其景气程度及未来发展趋势将对本行业的发展产生直接的影响。 2008 年国际金融危机对电接触功能复合材料行业产生了较大影响，随着经济环境的好转，2009 年电接触功能复合材料行业的业绩也随之回升，电接触功能复合材料行业已经步入了逐步恢复的景气上升周期。 随着国民经济强劲发展，低压电器行业也迎来了巨大的发展机遇，尤其是框架断路器和塑壳断路器近几年受发电设备快速增长的拉动产销量明显放大，变频器、软起动器和电机保护器等节能配套产品需求量也将逐年上升，低压电器行业面临广阔的市场空间和发展潜the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste 力，这也将直接扩大本行业产品的市场需求，推动本行业的快速发展。 the real implementation of the "quasi, ruthless. Tough," requirement, carry forward the spirit of a nail, and the corrective measures The implementation of the nerve endings, do not let the rectification is not in place, not to retreat, the people are not satisfied. Pin four is to adhere to the reform and innovation. To reform the way of thinking and innovative courage to turn style, against four winds, the courage to face the contradictions, good at solving the chronic ills, dare to break the outdated customs and bad habits Hensha unhealthy tendencies, trees, fresh healthy. The five is to adhere to tackling the problem. That is the wind Su Ji and the education supervision combined, in order to establish a new system to promote the normalization of style building, long-term, to enhance the party spirit of honest and pragmatic people thought conscious action. The six is to insist on the completion of the third grasp the overall situation. Activity and end This year the goal of safety production work plan for next year, work together, to promote the activities and the work of production safety with both hands, two promotion, two not mistake. Two, rectification of the overall objectives and specific objectives: (a) the overall path around the "four focus", carried out the outstanding problems of the special rectification, the full implementation of the central and provincial Party committee clear the rectification task, effectively curb the "four winds", realize the overall improvement of Party and government. The point is: focus on the people, the people, convenience, and resolutely curb the bureaucratic style of work; looking to stimulate grassroots vitality, resolutely curb the Wenshan sea; focus on the cadres honest, clean government, politics, and resolutely curb exceed the standard Quasi occupied office space, Gongjusiyong, public funds, extravagance of the wind; focus on establish a correct view of achievements, the concept of power, and resolutely curb acts against the interests of the masses. Accelerate the system reform and construction, improve the people honest and pragmatic normalization system, constantly consolidate and expand educational practice achievements, make people satisfied. The recent reform goal: Political Quality Bureau and all Party members and cadres, further improve the quality of the business; the "four winds", "two" problem has been effectively solved. The middle goal of the reform: "opposition party and government austerity waste