英语英标
Part I Vowels
长元音与短元音
/ ,,/ & / , / eat/it seat/sit feel/fill
meal/milk leave/live
/ , /& / , / said/ sad bed/ bad pen/pan
bet/bat best/back
/ ,, / & / , / four/loss door / dog saw /
sorry port / pot sport / spot / ,, / & / , / park / luck farm / run
march / much bath / bus
car/supper
/ ,, / & / ,/ fool/full food/foot
goose/good pull/put
tool/took
/ ,, / & / , / sir/breakfast bird/dollar
hurt/panda earth/arrive murmur
双元音
/ ,,/ & / , / gate/get tail/tell sail/sell
wait/wet pain/pen
/ ,, / time fly five white write / ,, / boy joy point choice coin toilet
oil
/ ,, / shout town mouth loud out south
/ ,, / home hope nose show notice
throw
/ ,, / year hear here idea beer near
fear clear
/,, / air pair care where share bear
chair
/ ,, / poor sure tour cure
Discrimination exercise:
1. did/dead pepper/paper weak/wake sharp /shape
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shut /shot
2. really/rarely here/there fear/care 3. walk work woke wok
4. born barn burn bun
5. part pot port cart cod caught 6. met mat mate pen pan pain 7. full fool fall foot food fought 8. lark lurk luck lock heart hurt hut hot
Part II Consonants
爆破音
/ ,/ & / ,/ paper hope map keep up book big box job basket
/ ,/ & /, / take tiger lost limit visit dog dance head bread bed
/,/ & /,/ kind class sick quick clerk game group glass bag dog
摩擦音
/ , /& / , / face fox find safe very view save leave avoid
/ , / & / , / sea sister safe sky zero zoo eazy rise present
/ , /& / , / third think thief three mouth month
this that these those there they then mother weather
/ , /& / , / shout short sheep ship shore fresh trash sugar
usual measure decision pleasure television treasure
/ , /&/ , / hi house human hurry read red report ready
破擦音
/,,/ & /,,/ cheap church watch search jeep job juice judge bridge
/,,/ & /,,/ truck true traffic train dry drive dream draw
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/,,/ & /,,/ boats sports ants seats friends birds words cards
舌侧辅音和鼻辅音
/,/ less life light like black /,/ much moon
morning some
/,/ name nurse thin sun /,/ sing king
long morning
半元音
/,/ welcome work wind week wave window where what
/,/ yellow young yesterday Europe year yacht Discrimination exercise:
1. light /might / night /right /white
2. /,/&/,/&/,/ sink/think sank/thank sit/shit sort/thought/short
3. /,/&/,/&/,/ zed/that zip/this/dis- zone/those/dose
4. /,,/ & /,,/ & /,,/ cheap/jeep/tree
chain/Jane/train
5. / ,/&/,/&/f/ weary/very/ferry we/visit/fit wine/invite/fight leaf/leave
6. /,/&/,/ read firing pleasure occasion
* 动词过去式、过去分词词尾 ed 的发音
1. 在/ , / 和 / , / 后发 / ,, /: treated recited
handed decided loaded
2. 在清辅音后(,除外)发/ , /: watched booked
discussed laughed
3. 在元音和浊辅音后(,除外)发/, /: played lived
changed happened
*名词复数和动词第三人称单数-es/ -s的发音
1. 在清辅音/,/ /,/ /,/ /,/后发 /,/:
helps thinks cakes cups asks
2. 在/,/ /,/ /,/ /,,/ /,,/ 之后发/,,/:
guesses rises teaches wages roses matches
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3. 通常其它情况下发/,/:
goes begins shows sees days cities girls
Part III Stress
单词的重音
1. 重音在第一个音节
music / ,mju:zik / party/ ,,,,ti/ birthday / ,,,,,,,/
interesting / ,intr,sti, / industry / ,ind,stri / signature / ,sign,,,,/
2. 重音在第二个音节
ability /,, biliti/ typhoon / t,,,fu,n/ himself /him,self/ career /k,,ri,/
Chinese / ,,,,,ni, z/ republic /ri,p,blik/ official /,,fi,,l/ invent /in,vent/
3. 重音在第三个音节
engineer /,en,,i,ni,/ afternoon /,,ft,,nu,n/ scientific /,s,,,n,tifik/
accidental /,,ksi,dent,l/ mathematics /,m,,,,m,tiks/ magazine /,m,,,,zi,n/
Exercise:
object: /,,b,,,kt/ & /,b,,,ekt/ present: /pri ,zent/ & / ,preznt/
produce: /pr,,dju,s/ & / ,pr,dju,s/ conduct: /k,n,d,kt/ & / ,k,nd,kt/
/dis,l,,k/ /,d,mit/ / ,h,,,lis/ / ,ri,d,bl/ / k,n,tinju,/
/ ,temp,ri,,,/ /,,i ,,,r,fi/ / k,,l,b,,rei,n/ / ,k,nsikw,ns/
句子的重音
1. 需要重读的实词:名词、形容词、动词、副词、某些代词、
数词和疑问词
一般不重读的词:起辅助作用的虚词或功能词,如冠词、介
词、助动词、连词。
I am a college student. The book cost her ten dollars.
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What an interesting name!
2. 逻辑重音:为了强调或是对比,句子的重音转移
---- What’s your name? ---- My name is Gogo. What’s your name?
* Mary read the English book last year. Mary read the
English book last year.
Mary read the English book last year. Mary read the
English book last year.
Part IV Weak form
通常实词要重读,虚词需要弱读
1. 冠词的弱读 a /,/ an /,,/ the /,,/ /,,/
a cake an apple the flower the ocean the book
2. 介词的弱读 /,/
a cup of tea a bag of rice Give it to me. He is going to France. Stay at home.
Go at once. Do it for me. It’s for you. He is from Hainan Province.
3. 助动词、情态动词的弱读 am, are, was, does, do, will, must,
shall, can, has, have, had
What are you doing? When does the train leave?
I’ve seen it before. He’ll be back soon.
4. 连词的弱读
and /,,,; ,,; ,, / as /,z/ but /b,t/ than /,,,/ or /,,/
Everyone was singing and dancing.
But I don’t like it.
We shouldn’t spend more than we earn.
It was not as bad as I had expected.
5. 宾格代词的弱读
me/mi/ you/j,/ us/,s/ him/im/ her/,/
them/,,,/
Give him a drink. Tell them to come later. I’ll call you later.
6. 形容词性物主代词的弱读
his/iz/ her/,/ your /j,/ my/m,/
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I like his tie. What’s her name? Where’s your
room? My name is Micky.
Part V Linking
1. 辅音结尾+元音开头
come in thank you stand up get up back in a minute
pick it up take it away one of us not at all
2. R+元音开头
there is there are our own after all far away
for ever for a moment for an hour 3. 元音结尾+元音开头(smooth)
the end I am you are she is stay up
who else
Assimilation: 同化音
/ , / + / , / = / ,,/ won’t you
/ , / + / , / = / ,, / would you could you
/ , / + / , / = / , / this year
Nice to meet you.
Would you like to go with us?
Could you do me a favor?
爆破音的特殊发音(失去爆破或不完全爆破)
a great day best friend first night at least
at last at first
good time good news goodbye red shirts
big shoes
October a big girl black cards last time
first time
a good doctor with them
Part VI Intonation
1. 陈述句, 感叹句用降调
I’ve been to the Great Wall. There is something in his words.
What an interesting story! How lovely the baby is !
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2. 一般疑问句用升调
Shall we go now? Can you tell me the time? Do you
mind if I smoke?
3. 特殊疑问句用降调
What time did you get up this morning?
How much is it?
Where were you just now?
4. 选择疑问句:前升后降
Will the meeting start at three or at four?
Do you like this one or that one?
5. 反义疑问句:升调表疑问, 不确定;降调表说话者有把握
You’are coming to tea with us, aren’t you?
It is hot today, isn’t it?
6. 祈使句,表达语气强烈的命令时用降调
Take a seat, please. Do what I told you.
Come for a meal. Shut up!
Part VII Rhythm
/OO/ next week well done Come here. Why not?
What for ?
/OoO/ wait and see out of date Thanks a lot. Take it back. Do it now.
/oOo/ I’d love to. Of course not. I’m sorry. I lost it. I hope so.
/oOoo/ I hope it is. He spoke to me. I paid for it. She came with me.
/OoOo/ Wait a moment. Let me help you. Glad to see you. /OooO/ Sing us a song. What can we do? What is the time? Where have you been?
/oOoO/ a waste of time, It’s hard to say. You’re late for lunch.
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/oOooo/ I’m looking for it. I’ll give it to him. I’m thinking about it.
/oOoOo/ I’m glad to see you. I hope you like it. I’d like to meet him.
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