什么叫非谓语动词

什么叫非谓语动词 以下供你参考1 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词有三种:不定式(the Infinites)、动名词(the Gerunds)和分词(the Participles)。 动词不定式的时态、语态 动词不定式的时态、语态 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性 动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语，其形式如下: 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made 完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made 进行式 (not) to be making 完成进行式 (not) to have been making (1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如: It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语) It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语) I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语) Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语) He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语) 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态 1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时: She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 疑问词，不定式结构 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主 语、宾语、表 语等。如: ?When to leave for London has not been decided yet. ?Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. ?I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. ?The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑问词，不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:?When we shall leave…?…how I could learn… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。 2 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 非谓语动词的特征: 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible. 在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语) It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. 他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语) 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式) 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy. 我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用) There are two big swimming pools here. 这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)