数学逆向思维训练

数学逆向思维训练 1.以下试题各猜一数学名词: 诊断之后 ，捷道 ，五四三二一 ，完全合算 ，二胡调音 ; (:(开方)(直径)( 倒数)(绝对值)(正弦)) 2. 以下试题各猜一数学思想方法: 朱元璋登基 ，司药 (答案:(消元)(配方)) 3.从一楼跑到小王去动物园玩，看到大象很悠闲地站在那儿。他忽然联想到曹冲称象的故事，心想曹冲能称出大象的体重，我能不能量出大象的身长呢, 他眉头一皱，计上心来，从口袋里拿出两支铅笔，先手握短铅笔伸直胳膊，用眼睛瞄准铅笔两端正好看到大象的首尾。然后换握长铅笔，瞄准铅笔两端问前走了二十步，正好又看到大象的首尾。他量一量两支铅笔的长分别为8cm和16cm，胳膊长为40cm。每一步长50cm，就很快算出大象身长为4米。小花十分惊奇，问小三是怎么算出来的, 4.四楼需要6秒，问以同样的速度再跑到八楼需要多少秒? 5.一群孩子是兄弟姐妹，其中有姐弟两人茌说话，弟弟说自己所拥有的兄弟的人数比姐妹的人数多一个，那么，姐姐所拥有的兄弟比姐妹多几人呢? 4.小明向一个底面积为24X18厘米，高30厘米的水箱注入占其容积三分之二的水。他是一个好奇的男孩，想知道他刚买来的一个铅块的体积。铅块放入水箱后，水面升高到22cm，铅块的体积是多少立方厘米, 6小赵，小钱，小孙，小李4人讨论一场足球赛决赛究竟是哪个队夺冠。小赵说:“D对必败，而C队能胜。”小钱说:“A队，C队胜于B队败会同时出现。”小孙说:“A队，B队C队都能胜。”小李说:“A队败，C队，D队胜的局面明显。” 他们的话中已说中了哪个队取胜，请问你猜对究竟哪个队夺冠吗, 答案:小赵的话说明 D队败 小钱的话说明 B队败 小孙的话说明 D队败 小李的话说明 A队败 所以呀，C队胜利 7一只有32块黑、白两色皮子缝制而成的足球，黑皮子是正五边形，白皮子是正六边形，问黑、白皮子各几块, 答案:每块黑与5块白相连 每块白与3块黑3块白相连 设黑=x 白=y 则有: x+y=32 5x/3=y x=12 y=20 黑=12块 =20块 白 8李红在课外小组活动时，老师给她出了一道数学题，李红经过一番努力，终于找到了老师认为正确的答案。其题是:公鸡每只值5元钱，母鸡每只值3元钱，小鸡每3只1元钱，现在有人用了100元钱，正好买了100只鸡。请问:这100只鸡中，公鸡、母鸡和小鸡各多少只, 9李环是王敏的好朋友，放暑假不久，王敏接到李环一封信，说:“欢迎你来我家作客，我家住在兴华大街，门牌号是一个两位数，两个数字的和是6，两个数字的积是这两个数相除所得商的9倍。”你能帮助王敏猜出李环家的门牌号吗, 10老师拿了五顶帽子，三顶蓝色的，两顶红色的，他要甲、乙、丙三位聪明的学生蒙上眼睛，给他们各戴上一顶帽子，其余的帽子收起来，然后将乙、丙两人蒙上的眼睛解开。这时老师宣布，谁能准确地说出自己头上的帽子颜色，就给谁发奖。乙、丙两人看了看其他人头上的帽子，思考了一会儿，答不上来。这时蒙上眼睛的同学突然喊起来:“我知道了，我头上戴的是蓝帽子。”老师高兴地说:“好～你猜对了～”请你说出甲是怎么思考的, 11一场自行车比赛正在进入决赛阶段，5名运动员参加竞赛。据预赛的成绩估计，这次比赛的名次有下述5种可能(每个名次只能一个人): (1) 小王第二，小李第三; (2) 小李第一，小丁第四; (3) 小张第三，小赵第五; (4) 小王第二，小丁第四; (5) 小赵第一，小张第二。 比赛结束后，得知上述五种猜测中各有一句是正确的。请你找出这次比赛的冠军 12几个小朋友在一起玩游戏，小岗说:“让我来猜猜你们的年龄吧，无论是谁，只要把自己的年龄乘以3，再加上6，然后用3除，最后把得数告诉我，我立即就能猜出他的年龄”结果，猜的都很准。你知道是怎么回事吗, 13被称作“世界屋脊”的喜马拉雅山的主峰------珠穆朗玛峰，海拔8848米，是世界上的第一高峰。但一张纸却不服气，它说:“别看我薄，只有0.01厘米厚，但是把我连续对折30次后，我的厚度就会超过珠穆朗玛峰十几倍”同学们～你认为这张纸是在吹牛吗,请你算算看。 14现在有8个人进行象棋比赛，得分原则是每赢一局得1分，平局各得0.5分，输一局记0分，结果每人所得分数都不同。已知第2名棋手所得的分数与最后4名所得的总分数一样多。你知道第4名与第5名比赛的时候谁胜谁负吗, 15小君和小芹在做游戏。小芹对小君说:“你任意记住时钟上的一个点数，然后，你随我的手，每指一个点数，你就在你记的那个数上加1，当加到20时，我指的那个数一定是你记的那个点数”结果一试，果然不错。你知道小芹是用什么方法猜的吗, 16九位好朋友， 分别三十秋， 故乡才聚首， 见面握一握， 问候方喝酒， 握了多少手， 请您数一数。 17为了欢迎国庆，工人们在天俯广场升起了100个气球。小明数完后说:“依次看，每4个中有3个红色的。”小华说:“依次看，每4个中有3个黄色的。”他们说得对，你能算出是有几个红色，有几个黄色的气球吗, 18、三个连续奇数的和是15，它们的积为多少, 19、计算:34。5×9(23—34(5+1(77×34(5 20、为了欢迎国庆，工人们在天俯广场升起了100个气球。小明数完后说:“依次看，每4个中有3个红色的。”小华说:“依次看，每4个中有3个黄色的。”他们说得对，你能算出是有几个红色，有几个黄色的气球吗, 21、已知有两个大小相等的正方形内紧排着9个等圆和16个等圆， 你认为这两个正方形内空隙哪个大,(图二)已知;圆外一点P作圆的三条割线, 左边一条交圆于D、A两点, 右边一条交圆于E、B两点, 中间一条交圆于Q、C两点。(D、E、Q在PA、PB、PC中间), 则中间一条割线(PC)与大角APB正弦之积, 等于左边一条割线(PA)与右边角BPC正弦之积, 加右边一条割线(PB)与左边角APC正弦之积。 求证: PC•sin?APB =PA•sin?BPC+PB•sin?APC。 22、父子今年相差26岁，15年后两人相差 岁。 23、当n表示1、2、3、4、5、6。。。。。。时，2n表示 ，2n—1表示 。 24、春节，爷爷有人*币若干，分给小明、小红和小刚压岁钱，爷爷打算给小明、小红和小刚的压岁钱分别为爷爷钱总数的三分之一，四分之一，六分之一，结果爷爷的钱还剩75元，爷爷总共有多少钱, 25.店把某中彩电按标价的八折出售，仍可获利20%，(进价的20%)已知该品牌彩电每台进价为2000元，求该品牌彩电每台的标价为多少元, 26、从1999年11月1日起，全国储蓄存款需征收利息税，利息税的税率是20%，王老师于1999年5月1日在银行存入人*币20000元，定期一年，年利率为3(78%，那么存款到期日，王老师一共可得本金和利息共多 中学生学习方法 学习必须循序渐进。学习任何知识，必须注重基本训练，要一步一个脚印，由易到难，扎扎实实地练好基本功，切忌好高鹜远，前面的没有学懂，就急着去学习后面的知识;基本的习题没有做好，就一味去钻偏题、难题。这是十分有害的。 学习必须勤于思考。中学是一个重要的学习阶段。在这个期间要注意培养独立思考的能力。要防止那种死记硬背，不求甚解的倾向。学习中要多问几个为什么。一个问题可以从几个不同的方面去思考，做到举一反三，融会贯通。 学习必须一丝不苟。学习切忌似懂非懂。例如，习题做错了，这是常有的事，重要的是能自己发现错误并改正它。要在初中乃至小学学习阶段就要培养这种本领。这就要求我们对解题中的每一步推导能说出正确的理由，每一步都要有根据，不能想当然，马马虎虎。 学习必须善于。学完一章，要做个小结;学完一本书。要做个总结。总结很重要，不同的学科总结方法不尽相同。常做总结可帮助你进一步理解所学的知识，形成较完整的知识框架。 学习必须持之以恒。俗话说“水滴石穿”、“一口吃不成胖子”。因此，最好制定一个学习计划，常常自我监督，严格要求，每天或分阶段自己或让父母检查，是否完成了学习计划，为什么没有完成，怎样补救等等。总之，学习不能只凭热情，三日打鱼，两日晒网是做不成大事的。 学习方法，要因人而异、因学科而异，正如医生用药，不能千人一方。同学们应当从实际出发，根据自己的情况，发挥特长，摸索适合自己特点的有效方法。 一、政治学习方法总结 要想学好思想品德这门科目，必须要做到:课前预习，把自己不明白的地方标出来，上课时带着这些问题认真听讲，特别老师讲的重点。课下适当的做一些练习题，认真完成老师布置的作业，还要按时的复习。 二、生物学习方法 1、勤于观察，动手动脑。 2、善于思考，加强对学习内容的理解，不要机械记忆。 (1) 3、及时完成老师布置的作业，掌握当堂所学内容，并及时巩固。 4、课前预习，课上积极回答问题。 三、地理学习方法 1、上课与老师密切配合，及积极思考、回答老师提出的问题，认真听讲等。 2、下课及时完成老师所布置的一切作业，发现问题时及时解决，如不会或不理解的问题要及时提出。 3、建议:动、静，适时，适度。“动”有两方面意思，(1)上课动脑思考，积极回答老师提出的问题;(2)不要在下面做小动作，上课太活泼。“静”有两方面意思:(1)上课老师在什么讲课要认真听讲，及时做笔记，(2)老师讲课时，不要老师大声说我们小声说，不要交头接耳回头说话。适时:比如说喝水，要有适当的时间，禁止在课堂上喝水，包括吃零食这是一方面，另一方面，在一定适当时间内预习、复习所学科目。适度:要有正确的学习态度，对老师要有好态度，历史在上面讲课，某人在下面说话，就是不尊重老师，在课堂上不要太放肆了，要有数。 四、历史学习方法 无论学什么样的知识关键是努力，只要你肯下功夫事情就能一定办好“铁棒磨成针”吗，就是这个道理。此外还要掌握一些学习的方法与技巧，这取决于失败。失败取决于尝试。 在学习历史背诵记忆课本上的知识时，应首先弄懂它的意思，然后再去背诵记忆，这样就会有事半功倍的效果。 在记忆复杂的年代、地点、人物、事件时应进行分类记忆法。老师的要求要做到“日日清”、“月月清”。 复习时，要每天给自己规定一段时间专门学历史，要持之以恒，永无间断，这样你的成绩会上升的很快。 当发下试卷时，应首先纠正错误，并弄清为什么错了，以后还会在这道题上出错吗, 针对自己感觉较差的地方多下功夫，多看它几遍，背它几遍。这就是我的学习方法，希望能给同学们带来一些启发。 五、英语学习方法 每个人刚开始学英语都会有些发愁，但是不要怕，只要做到以下几点，相信你的成绩会提上去的。 (1) 做到先:要先看，在老师讲课之前要先看一遍。先写:先写是先写几遍已知的单词，和不会的记住大体的样子。(2)“随”随记老师在讲单词时，你要跟着记下来，就是一边讲一边写，随背、要背课文，当然在课前先写是少不了的，只要你写几遍，再读几遍，差不多就背过了。(3)还要做到复习，如果不复习很快就会忘了。晚上看几遍，再叫父母听写，到早上晨读时应该就记的差不多了 让我们一起努力，攀登上更高的山峰。 六、数学学习方法总结 数学是门十分有趣的课程，要把它学好，首先要对它产生浓厚的兴趣，若只怀着被动学好的态度上数学课，数学就会成为一门使你头昏脑涨地弱项。 每个人在刚刚接触初中数学时，并不是一帆风顺的，就像我，在小学时，数学在班里遥遥领先，自以为初中数学也会易如反掌的学会，可自从上第一节数学课起，我适应不了老师的数学方法，学习内容便一窍不通，不过只要同学做到以下三点，我担保学习数学对你会比以前轻松得多，一“看”别小看了这个字，对学习很有帮助的，如有不懂的，先要在下课时仔细理解，有一部分同学可能会明白，如有还是似懂非懂的，可在早晨睡醒觉一段时间后打开课本多看几眼，会让你有不同的收获，在心情平静，头脑不劳累时，照以上方法做，也会起到相同的效果。 第二个字“练”，在课空里，周六周日，把上课时不懂的问题细细研究。多做课外练习题，切不能怕麻烦。一定要做的每道题搞得一清二楚，不能留下任何疑问。另外，在熟练的基础上，还要做一些能力拔高题，这样既可以应对考试难题，又可以扩展思维空间，锻炼学习能力。 第三个字“问”。世上没有绝对的天才，故言再聪明。也有不会的题目，在百思不得其解的时候，可以找学习好的同学虚心请教。也可以找老师，让老师引导你慢慢地走入解题思路、攻破难题。 平时，同学们还可以找一些趣味题，在中午或其它课余时间里，拿出来大家一起研究，这样不仅使个人进步，还可以加深同学之间的友谊，使集体一起获得进步。 数学并不是想象的那么难，只要我们有坚定的信心，有创意精神和刻苦学习态度就能学好。 七、我的学习方法 其实想学好并不难，只要找到适合自己的学习方法就可以了，学习方法也很好找，比如说:语文要多看、多练;数学要多做，多记、多想;英语要多练、多写、多对话等。我的学习方法很简单，希望你看了以后能够有点启发。 上课前要提前预习，找出自己认为的难点。上课时认真听讲，做好笔记，把预习时的难点解决掉。要积极思考，举手回答问题。下课后要及时的根上做练习题，不懂得要马上请教老师和同学，不要让难题越积越多，还要注意总结。也不能一直埋头做题，在空闲时间里可以多看一些课外书，比如说《上下五千年》、《百科全书》--------还可以多看一些有关科学的电视节目。这些都有助于开拓我们的视野，充实自己。 “我是最棒的”，你就一定比别人做得好。只做到以上几点也不够，还要树立自信心，心里想着“我能行”， 我们还要有持之以恒的精神，只要是自己认为对的事情就要认真地，尽自己全力地把它做好。好的学习方法是自己在学习过程中慢慢发现积累的。希望你们能够尽快找到适合自己的学习方法。 八、语文学习方法 生活有多广阔，语文就有多广阔。不仅要在课堂上学语文，还要在生活中学语文。一个提示，一篇课文，一个问题，就是千里之行的一小步，生活的广阔天地有无限风光在召唤你。 学语文要做到五预:(1)预习课文 (2)预习生字 (3)预习课后题 (4)预习学习与探究 (5)划出好字词。 复习要做到三复: (1)复习课上做的笔记 (2)复习学习与探究 (3)有条件的可以看一下课外书。在学习时要形成自主、合作的好习惯。自主，即主动，要主动地在语文实践中丰富人文素质，提高语文能力;合作就是要切磋学问，共同完成任务。 只有你对语文有兴趣，就一定能学好这一科。 九、学习方法交流 面对书如山，题似海，求学之舟向那摆,的初中生活是多么的辛酸，这些会使你一脸憔悴满身疲惫------- 如何摆脱它们，为什么别人会取得好成绩，难道别人比自己强，在这里我给大家想了几个好办法: (1)全面看待自己，挖掘自己的潜能，取长补短，不要觉得自己一无是处，相信天生我才必有用的观点。(2)要自信，做事情首先要有自信，要使自信充满自身每个细胞，沙士比亚曾说过:自信是走向成功的第一步，缺乏自信是失败的原因。如果你对自己十分的自信那么的价值、学识、才华便突飞猛进，反之，如果我们自卑，认为自己干什么事情都不行、不配，则会扼杀你的尝试力，你会一步步走向败落。(3)积极改变和改正学会方法:应从实际出发，根据自己的情况，模索适合于自己的学习方法，不要盲目的学习别人的方法，学会自主、合作、探究式学习，独立认真完成学习任务。(4)发展好人际关系，在学习方面具有良好的人际关系便于找自己讨论问题，交流看法，相互激励，相互发展，努力向比自己好的同学看齐，不是一个良方。(5)培养兴趣、爱好，只有你喜爱这一门，热爱这一门，你才能发展，你会越学越高兴投入、越入迷，反之，你会心灰意乱，没有精神在这门科程会越来越差，直接影响总分成绩。(6)勤学刻苦，不懂就问，在学习方面只有勤学刻苦这条路才能把你引入优秀之列，大胆发言，不懂就问同学老师。要有知之为知之，不知为不知的学习态度。 爱好出勤奋，勤奋出天才。书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟，再聪明的人在好的学习方法，都需要自己的勤奋和努力，才能有所成就，学习不是应付，不是一朝一夕的时，需要我们不断的努力和积累，成功永远属于我们。 让我们从此起程在迢迢的求学路上勤奋刻苦起来吧～ 十、学习方法总结 刚迈进初中大门的许多同学都是新生，已经习惯了小学课程的我们往往适应不了现在的学习课程，因此，许多同学在小学时名列前茅的同学在这次期中考试中成绩很不理想，但只要调整一下学习方法和学习态度，便能大大提高学习成绩。 在调整学习方法时首先要加快学习效率，在做题写作业时要尽量提高写字速度，因此，平时要多注意炼字，否则住校的同学便完不成作业，还需要拿出睡觉休息时间来补，不但影响休息还会造成近视，在写字快的同时，还要多锻炼思维能力，平时要善于思考，以开发个人潜力，上课时要多回答问题，下课多研究难题，要走在老师的前面，这样才会进步。要不然就是写字再快，如果想不出答案，也无济于事。一天最宝贵的时间就是上课时间，因为许多知识难点都需要老师的讲解，才会明白会做题，所以在上课时要精神贯注地听讲，多问几个为什么，才会掌握。不管你有多聪明，只要不听讲，下课再努力也学不扎实。每天要做到“人日清”。白天学的内容一定要掌握好，做到灵活运用，该背得要背过，不能怕麻烦，否则一天落下一点，学习会越来越累，以至学习成绩下降。还要做到“复习”和“预习”。所谓“复习”，就是经常复习学过的知识，这样就不会遗忘，复习一定要有重点地复习，这又牵扯到了上课时需要做的课堂笔记，上课时把老师强大的才重点部分用自己制定的文字符号标出来，把老师总结在黑板上的内容抄在书上，这样复习起来很方面。预习就是预习后来要学的内容，晚上多翻翻书，理解一下大致内容，明天学习时就会容易掌握。 第二、还应有刻苦的学习态度，首先要学会挤时间来学习。下课时要用前五分钟学习上课时学的内容，尽量掌握。后五分钟用来预习下节课要学的内容，心里要有底儿。课余时间也可以用来写作业做炼习，中午跑校的同学可以在家做半小时作业再到校，住校的同学要早来教室学习。晚上同学们跑校的要做作业，完成“日日清”，住校的同学吃下午饭后要早来学习，因为8:30分就要回宿舍，如果上完自习还没完成“人日清”的同学可以拿回宿舍，十分钟洗刷完后，把其它30分用来背知识点或做练习题。 同学们，让我们一起努力学习，搞好成绩，共同发展～ 十一、地理学习方法总结 地理时刻发生在我们周围，我们对地理也并不陌生。学习地理也不是很难，只要我们用心的学习了，我们对地理学习成绩也一定会提高起来的，我们平时要做到: 一、上课时专心听讲，多做一些笔记，把自己认为重要的问题、答案记录下来，以便于以后的复习。 二、课后把学的内容回顾一下所学的重要得体于它的答案使自己牢牢的记住它。 三、平时多背、但是不能死记硬背，要理解的去背，这样才能不忘记它。 四、复习的时候要把平常做错的题重新再做一遍，使自己不再出现错误。 学习地理其它也不难，关键在于我们用功的学习，才能学好、提高成绩。 十二、我的生物学习方法 有人说学生物很难。其实只要学会灵活运用。你会发现学习生物是那么简单。 我们学习方法其实每个人都可以做到: 1、上课认真听取老师讲的内容; 2、认真做好课后题，学习与探究，不会的及时请教老师;3、学过的重点内容要记住，要理解、不要死记硬背;4、老师布置的作业要及时完成，不要不做。 只要我们勤学好问，灵活运用，一定会学好生物这门科。 回答:2006-04-23 11:40 其它回答 共1条回答 评论 [学长] 我想谈一谈中学生学习方法 ，希望对你有帮助，祝学习进步～ 三种学习境界 一、第一层为苦学 提起学习就讲"头悬梁、锥刺股"，"刻苦、刻苦、再刻苦"。处于这种层次的同学，觉得学习枯燥无味，对他们来说学习是一种被迫行为，体会不到学习中的乐趣。长期下去，对学习必然产生了一种恐惧感，从而滋生了厌学的情绪，结果，在他们那里，学习变成了一种苦差事。 二、第二层为好学 所谓"知之者不如好之者"，达到这种境界的同学，学习兴趣对学习起到重大的推动作用。对学习的如饥似渴，常常注到废寝忘食的地步。他们的学习不需要别人的逼迫，自觉的态度常使他们能取得好的成绩，而好的成绩又使他们对学习产生更浓的兴趣，形成学习中的良性循环。 三、第三层为会学 学习本身也是一门学问，有科学的方法，有需要遵循的规律。按照正确的方法学习，学习效率就高，学的轻松，思维也变的灵活流畅，能够很好地驾御知识。真正成为知识的主人。 目前，中学生的学习中，第一层居多，第二层为少数，第三层次更少。我们应当明确，学习的一个重要目标就是要学会学习，这也是现代社会发展的要求。21世纪中的文盲将是那些不会学习的人。所以，同学们在学习中应追求更高的学习境界，使学习成为一件愉快的事，在轻轻松松中学好各门功课。 三种学习习惯 学习成绩的好坏，往往取决于是否有良好的学习习惯，特别是思考习惯。 一、总是站在系统的高度把握知识 很多同学在学习中习惯于跟着老师一节一节的走，一章一章的学，不太对意章节与学科整体系统之间的关系，只见树木，不见森林。随着时间推移，所学知识不断增加，就会感到内容繁杂、头绪不清，记忆负担加重。事实上，任何一门学科都有自身的知识结构系统，学习一门学科前首先应了解这一系统，从整体上把握知识，学习每一部分内容都要弄清其在整体系统中的位置，这样做往往使所学知识更容易把握。 二、追根溯源，寻求事物之间的内在联系 学习最忌死记硬背，特别是理科学习，更重要的是弄清楚道理，所以不论学习什么内容，都要问为什么，这样学到的知识似有源上水，有木之本。即使你所提的问题超出了中学知识范围，甚至老师也回答不出来，但这并不要紧，要紧的是对什么事都要有求知欲，好奇心，这往往是培养我们学习兴趣的重要途径，更重要的是养成这种思考习惯，有利于思维品质的训练。 三、发散思维，养成联想的思维习惯 在学习中我们应经常注意新旧知识之间、学科之间、所学内容与生活实际等方面的联系，不要孤立的对待知识，养成多角度地去思考问题的习惯，有意识地去训练思维的流畅性、灵活性及独创性，长期下去，必然会促进智力素质的发展。知识的学习主要通过思维活动来实现的，学习的核心就是思维的核心，知识的掌握固然重要，但更重要的是通过知识的学习提高智力素质，智力素质提高了，知识的学习会变得容易。所以上面讲的学习的三个学习习惯实质上是三种思维习惯。学习的重点就是学会如何思考。 三个学习要点 关于学习的方法可以谈很多，但重要的应注意以下三点: 一、多读书，注意基础 要想学习好，基础知识的掌握尤为重要，而基础知识就是指课本知识，这一点同学们一定清楚。但在学习中，很多同学却不重视课本的阅读理解，只愿意去多做一些题，因为考试就是做题。实际上这是一种本末 倒置的做法，应当说，课本与习题这两方面都很重要，互相不能替代，但课本知识是本，做题的目的之一是能更好地掌握知识。所以我们主张多读书少做题，不主张多做题少读书。 二、多思考、注重理解 "学而不思则罔"，思考是学习的灵魂。在学习中，知识固然重要，但更重要的是驾御知识的头脑。如果一个人不会思考，他只能做知识的奴隶，知识再多也无用，而且也不可能真正学到好知识。知识的学习重在理解，而理解只能通过思考才能实现，思考的源泉是问题，在学习中应注意不要轻易放过任何问题，有了问题不要急于问人，应力求独力思考，自己动手动脑去寻找问题的正确答案，这样做才有利于思考能力的提高。 三、多重复，温故而知新 《论语》开篇第一句;"学而时习之"道尽学宗，不断的重复显然是学习中很重要的一个方面。当然，这种重复不能是机械的重复，也不只是简单的重复记忆。我们主张每次重复应有不同的角度，不同的重点，不同的目的，这样每次重复才会有不同的感觉和体会，一次比一次获得更深的认识。知识的学习与能力的提高就是在这种不断的重复中得到升华，所谓温故而知新也。 三种学习精神 一、不唯书 古人云:"尽信书，不如无书。"在我们的学习中，教科书是我们学习的重要材料，学好课本基础知识是毫无疑问的。但是，这里应当明确两个问题;一、科学总是发展着的知识体系，我们所学的知识和方法不可能都是毫无缺陷的。这就需要我们多动脑筋，在思考的基础上敢于怀疑，大胆探索，提出我们自己的观点和看法。二、人们对事物的认识过程总是多次反复才能完成的。也许我们的怀疑是错误的，我们提出的观点和见解是不正确的，但正是从这种错误与正确的交锋中才能获得正确的认识。一味死记硬背，即便把课本背熟了，也难以灵活运用。所以，我们提倡不唯书，并不是为了否定书，而是为了培养一种创新精神。 二、不唯师 在中学生的学习中，很多同学上课时只会认真听讲;把老师的板书一字不差地抄录下来，课后进行消化吸收，但却很少能发现问题、提出问题，老师讲什么是什么，教什么把什么，把自己变成了一个"知识容器"。瑞士著名的教育心理学家皮亚杰曾说过;"教育的主要目的是培养能创新的而不是简单重复前人已做过的事的人。"所以，我们主张同学要多与老师交流，当对老师讲的有疑问或有不同看法时，要敢于坚持自己的观点，敢于向老师质疑，甚至与老师争论，在争论中我们失去的只是错误，而得到的除了正确的认识外，更重要的是智力的发展，还有勇气和信心的提高，最终有"青出于蓝而胜于蓝"的必然。 三、不唯一 对于一个知识的理解，可以从不同的角度去认识;对于一道题的求解，可以有不同方法;对于一个实际问题，可以从不同学科去解决。世界本身就是一个多样化的世界，我们学习的目的决不是为了追求唯一的答案。所以，我们在学习中必须具备这种"不唯一"的意识和精神，尽可能寻求更多解决问题的途径，养成多方面、多角度认识问题的习惯，训练思维的灵活性和变通性。 三条学习原则 学习的具体方法，往往因人而异，不同的人有不同的学习特点，完全可以根据自己的实际情况采取不同的措施。但也需要我们严格遵守一些共同的原则，它们是取得好成绩的重要保证。 一、自觉性原则 自觉性要求中学生能够自觉地安排自己每天的学习活动，自觉地完成各项学习任务。我们应当明确，当学习是一种自觉的行为时才更有效，特别是中学生的学习，主要依靠自觉来完成。如果把学习变成一种被别人压迫的行为，学习的动力就会减弱，久而久之就会产生厌倦感，失去学习兴趣，学习效果可想而知。所以，对于那些学业不佳的同学应首先检查自己的学习自觉性如何，一切属于自己的事，必须自觉地去做，这是做好一切事情的前提。 二、主动性原则 主动性要求中学生的学习有热情，主动获取知识，不等待，不依靠，不耻下问。做任何事情，积极主动是取得成功的必要条件，学习也不例外。很多同学在学习中恰恰缺乏这一点，不懂的问题宁肯烂在肚子里，也不愿开口问一下别人。老师讲什么，就学什么，不越"雷池"半步，很少主动与老师、同学交流，有的同学甚至一年也不会问老师一个问题。这些同学决不是一个问题也没有，而是缺乏学习的主动性和积极性，而这种被动的学习状态是十分有害的，必须改变。 三、独立性原则 独立性要求中学生做事有主见，不轻信，不盲从，不人云亦云，能独立完成学习任务，不轻易受群体因素的影响。很多优秀的学生往往具备这样的特征。当别的同学总愿让老师反复讲解时，他们却更愿意独立思考，依靠自己独立的智慧去努力获取知识。正是他们这种学习的独立性，造就了他们的出类拔萃。我们认为，如果在学习中没有独立性，就没有创造性，就不可能取得最佳的学习效果。 三种学习技能 一、学会快速阅读 直接从书中获取知识是一条重要的途径，即使是教科书中的知识，也不能纯粹依靠老师的讲解来学习。一个掌握阅读技能的学生，能够更迅速、更顺利地掌握知识，学的更主动，更轻松。在实际学习中，许多同学习惯于上课听讲，下课做作业，即使是教科书也不甚阅读，更不用说大量阅读课外书籍。长期下去造成的结果是不会读书，没有形成熟练的阅读技能，对学习的发展造成严重阻碍，这可能是很多同学在学业上落伍的一个重要原因。我们讲的阅读技能并不是指能简单的读，而是指在阅读的同时能思考，在思考的同时能阅读的能力，是指能够根据不同书籍的模式迅速分清主次、把握书中内容的一种技能。这就要求同学必须多读书，注意了解不同书籍的特点和阅读技巧，加强读思结合，并且有意识地加快阅读速度，逐渐形成快速阅读技能。 二、学会快速书写 中学阶段课业负担比较重，如果没有掌握快速书写的技能，这种负担会更加沉重。比如课堂上跟不上老师的速度记录笔记，课后完成作业用时过多，考试因书写太慢而答不完试卷等，这些现象都与书写技能有关。可以说书写技能是我们借以掌握知识的工具，这种工具所处的状态将决定我们能否有效而合理地使用时间。那些书写速度慢的同学对此应引起足够的注意，自觉地加强这方面的训练，尽快掌握这一技能。当然，快速书写的同时还要保证字迹的清楚与规范。 三、学会做笔记 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.