人格论文：人格 人格权 立法模式

人格论文：人格 人格权 立法模式 人格论文:人格 人格权 立法模式 【中文摘要】在民法典制定的过程中,围绕人格权法的立法模式展开了激烈的争议,而人格权法是否应独立成编成为争议的焦点,有观点认为人格权法应该独立成编,有的观点认为应将人格权纳入侵权法的保护,还有观点认为应将人格权纳入民法典总则的主体之中进行规定。之所以会出现这些不同的观点,归根究底是对人格权本质的认识不同所导致。人格与人格权概念关系密切,要追问人格权的本质就必须从人格说起,人格在罗马法上只是单纯身份性质的概念,是划分人之等级的,直至法国大革命“人人平等”思想的确立,生物意义上的人和法律意义上的人合二为一,到德国法上人格被立法者抽象出来的“权利能力”概念所代替,人格发展成为人作为法律主体的一种资格。人格权概念从其提出之日起就饱受争议:受近代自然法思想影响的法国民法认为,人格权是上天赋予的、人之为人的自然权利;德国民法认为,不存在“一项人对其自身”的权利,因而否认人格权作为实体法上的权利。而通过对人格权内涵的,应认为人格权并非自然法上而是实在法上的权利,是民法上而非宪法上的权利。因此,应该在民法典中规定人格权。而人格权法的立法模式我们可以参考借鉴国外立法。法国、德国对人格权采用的是“人之本体的保护模式”,其并非从权利角度,而是从对人的保护的角度出发保护人格权。瑞士民法第一次从权利的角度提出对人格权的保护,规定了详细的人格权请求权内容,这不得不说是一种创新,也为我国人格权立法提供了宝贵的借鉴。我国《民法通则》规定了人格权制度,但是没有规定一般 人格权、人格权请求权,而是在人格权受侵害之后,通过《侵权责任法》 对人格权提供保护,但是这种事后救济不足以对人格权提供最有效的 保护。我国人格权立法模式的选择,是通过对我国既存的三个人格权 法草案建议稿的分析对比作出,即人格权法在民法典中独立成编。至 于人格权法的具体内容,应设立一般民事权利请求权、设立人格权一 般条款、规定人格权请求权、具体人格权法定化、规定人格权的保护 方法,通过这五个层次构建人格权保护模式,以此形成人格权法与侵 权法对人格权平行保护的双轨制,提供对人格权的最全面、最有利的 保护。 【英文摘要】During the institution of Civil Code, the legislation model of personality right aroused bitter controversy and the focus is whether personality right should be listed independently. Some hold that personality law should be a separate part of civil code. Some think personality right should be listed into tort law. Others view that personality right should be stipulated in the main system of Civil Code general principles. All these different views above result from the different understanding about the nature of personality right.The concepts of personality and personality right are closely related. The nature of personality right traces back to personality. Personality is just a concept of status as the criterion of people rank in the Roman law and it develops to be a qualification showing man is the legal subject after the establishment of“everyman is equal”and the combination of man in biological sense and legal sense during French revolution when it is replaced by“right competence”abstracted by the legislator in German law. The concept of personality has always been strongly controversial since its appearance. French people who are influenced by modern natural law think that personality right is the natural right of man as man endowed by the God; German civil law deny personality right because they deny the existence of“a right to oneself”. Through the analysis of the connotation of personality right, the author put forward that personality right is not natural right but positive right, and it’s civil rather than constitutional. Therefore, it shall be stipulated in the Civil Code. Regarding the model of personality right legislation, we can learn from other countries. We know that German and French people adopt the protection of the ontology model for personality right, which safeguard personality right from the aspect of protecting man, not from the right. Swiss put forward to protect personality right in terms of right for the first time and stipulate specific personality claim, which is definitely an innovation and beneficial for us. General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China defines the personality right system, but doesn’t cover general personality right and personality claim. It can only make effect by tort law after the personality right is offended, which obviously can’t protect personality right effectively. As a result, it is necessary to have a study on general personality right and personality claim before discussing the establishment of personality right legislative model.Finally, the personality right legislative model is disserted. Based on the contrast of our three existing drafts of personality right, we can conclude that it is an inevitable choice to list personality into Civil Code independently. A design for personality right content in China is presented in Section II of the second part, which actually is detailed elaboration on personality right legislative model. That is, build personality right protection model by the establishment of general civil rights claim and general terms of personality right, the definition of personality right claim, the legislation of specific personality right as well as the stipulation of protection method of personality right and form the dual-track personality right protection system of protecting personality right as well tort law in parallel to protect personality right in the most comprehensive and favorable way. 【关键词】人格 人格权 立法模式 【英文关键词】Personality personality right legislative model 【】论人格权法的立法模式 摘要 4-5 Abstract 5-6 前言 8-9 第1章 人格权的本质 9-19 1.1 人格的历史演变及其价值变迁 9-13 1.1.1 古罗马社会的“人格” 9-12 1.1.2 近代民法中的人格 12-13 1.2 人格权的内涵 13-19 1.2.1 人格权的概念 13-16 1.2.2 人格权的权利属性 16-19 第2章 人格权民法保护的不同立法模式 19-29 2.1 域外几种主要的人格权保护模式 19-24 2.1.1 人之本体的保护模式 19-23 2.1.2 人格权请求权保护模式 23-24 2.2 我国人格权保护模式 24-29 2.2.1 我国人格权保护的现状 24-25 2.2.2 我国人格权立法相关理论的剖析 25-29 第3章 我国人格权立法模式的选择 29-41 3.1 三个不同人格权立法草案建议稿评述 29-34 3.1.1 《中国民法典草案学者建议稿人格权编》 29-31 3.1.2 《中国民法典草案建议稿》 31-32 3.1.3 《绿色民法典草案》 32-34 3.2 我国人格权法立法模式的选择 34-41 3.2.1 人格权法在未来民法典中应独立成编 34-35 3.2.2 人格权权利内容的设计 35-41 结语 41-42 参考文献 42-44 致谢 44-45 攻读学位期间所发表的学术论文 热输运 格林函数 L型石墨纳米结 四终端石墨纳米结 45 【采买】 1.3.9.9.38.8.4.8 1.3.8.1.13.7.2.1 同时提供论文写作一对一辅导和论文发表服务.保过包发 【说明】本文仅为中国学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总库或学校联系。