英语301医院内部考试用

英语301医院内部考试用 acceptable可接受的; adipose脂肪的;aggressive好斗的;amino acidjoint 关节 ketchup调味番茄酱;legume豆类;lifestyle生活方式;氨基酸;anger愤怒;awareness知道，意识; accompany 陪伴benefitlung肺;makeup组成;media媒体;mentally精神上地;metabolism新好处;blood血管;calory卡路里，热量;canned灌装的;carbohydrate陈代谢;muscular肌肉的;negative否定(的)，消极(的);nutrient碳水化合物;cardiorespiratory心和肺的;circulatory循环的;营养物;nutritionist营养学家;obese肥胖的;organic器官的，组织combination结合，化合;communication交际，交流; compassion怜的;overweight超重;oxygen氧;pace步法，步态;party当事人;悯;composition作文，构成;compromise妥协，折衷;contract收缩;percentage百分比;perception理解，感知;physically身体上地;concentrated集中的，浓缩的;conflict冲突;consume消耗，消费;physiological生理(学)的;positive积极的，向前进的;physician 内cope(善于)应付，(善于)处理;chilly 喊冷 couch 床 daily每科医生program程序，计划;propose建议;protein蛋白质;psychological日的，日常的;deficiency缺乏;deliver递送;dependency依靠;心理(上)的; pill 药丸 penumonia 肺炎 penicillin 青霉素dressings调料;element元素，成分;emergent紧急的;emotionallyrecommend推荐;reflect反映;regulate控制，调节;relaxation松弛;在情绪上，感动地;emphasis强调，重点;encouragement鼓励;endurancerequire要求;resist抵御;resolution解决;response回答，反应;耐力，耐性;enhance增强，提高;enzyme酶;feature特点;feel good registation登记 salad色拉;simple sugar单糖;skilled熟练的;about对 „感到满意;flexibility韧性;fortunately幸运地;soluble可溶的;sportsman运动员;symptom 症状store存储;strengthfoundation基础;frequently经常地;function活动，运行;feverish 力量;sympathy同情，同情心;synthesize合成; splitting 爆裂似发烧glycogen肝糖，糖原质;giddy 头晕的hormone荷尔蒙;humor幽的 sore 疼痛 strip 剥 tissue 组织 take sth seriously默;hypnosis催眠;in contrast to与„形成对比;in terms of就„把„认真对待; thermometer 体温计 visible看得见的;vitamin而言;insulate使绝缘，隔离;issue组织;jealousy嫉妒;joint关节;维生素;weigh权衡;withdrawal退隐; 8. What are carbohydrates mainly used for?b.Energy. (第一课选择) 9. It is suggested ---that c.30, of our calories from fat. 1. You must be physically fit to a.continue the pace of life. 10. Heart diseases maybe caused by a.too much fat . 2. Fitness helps people d.all of the above. 11. d.Proteins consist of amino acids. 3. Why do young ------ programs?a.Because they hope they can 12. Which of the ---wrong?c.To be healthy,we only need three build a better body. nutrients. 4. people,who have ---programs,usually feel better d.both a and 13. People used to d.deal whith stresses in a negative way. b . 14. b.To acquire management techniques is the emphasis while 5. People don’t---activity.Here----person who b.is a dealiang with stresses. professional sportsman 15. While yiu are under stress, you can d.all of the above. 6. For example,---Here “frequently”means c.often. 16. We should a.look into stress and life in a realistic manner. 7. You must be aware that the c.nutrient is needed by to be 17. Which of the ---with stresses?d.Never be satisfied with the healthy. current life. (汉译英) 1.每天，我喜欢散步. I like taking a walk every day. 2.小孩不喜欢喝牛奶。(两种说法)Children don’t like drinking milk. Children don’t like to drink milk. 3.你什么时候开始锻炼身体,(两种说法)When did you begin to exercise yourself? When did you begin t exercising yourself? 4.下课后，她还要做一些口语练习。She will continue to do some oral practice after class (第一课重点句) 1.Your day does not end until after midnight。 直到午夜，这一天12.Before speaking,we should take time to understand what needs to 才算结束。 be said. 说话之前，我们需要花些时间，思考一下该说些什么。 2.It helps people function well enough to cope with their busy way of life .(健康的身体)可以帮助人们应对忙忙碌碌的生活方式。 13.On the other hand,we also need to be a skilled listener.另一 3.They can function efficiently to resist disease.这些器官系统可方面，我们听别人说话的时候，也要熟练掌握技巧。 以有效地进行工作，以抵御疾病。 14.While talking with others,we should listen carefully in order 4.It has something to do with strength.肌肉的耐力与力量有关。 to hear everything and to catch the main point. 5.Energy production requires that oxygen and nutrients be delivered 我们与别人交流的时候，应该听得仔细，听清每一句话并抓住其要点。 by the circulatory system to the muscles. 15.It’s a good idea not to take yourself or your life situations 要产生能量，循环系统就得把氧和各种营养输送给肌肉。 too seriously. 凡事不要过于认真，这种想法不会错。 6.Food provides the body with the nutrients.食品给机体提供营养。 16.In this way,an exchange of facts and ideas takes piace so that 7.It is recommended that no more than 10% of our total calories come opiniongs can be advanced and weighed.采取对话的方式，人们可 from simple sugars. 从单糖摄入的热量最好不宜超过总量的10% . 以交流信息，互换想法，这样，就可以提出意见，权衡见解。 8.Of the twenty naturai amino acids,the bodycan synthesize all but 17.Food provides the body with the nutrients. 食品给机体提供营养。 nine essential amino acids from the foods we eat. 在20中天18.Nowadays,it is no longer socially acceptable to do so . 如今， 然氨基酸中，除了9种必需氨基酸我们要从食物中摄取外，人体能合成从社会的角度来说，采取这样的做法是不可取的。 其余所有的氨基酸。 19.The techniques are effective,which also support overall 9.There is a difference between emotional and psychological health,social relationships,and the social environment. wellness .情感健康与心理健康之间是有区别的。 这些技巧是行之有效的，它们能维护整体健康，维护人际关系以及社会 10.Different people have different responses to change.对于环境环境。 的变化，不同的人有不同的反应。 20.You will not know whether a particular coping is effective for 11.Those who are less emotionally well feel negative about their you until you study the technique and use it for some time. 你 responses. 需要学习这些技巧，花上一些时间，使用一下这些技巧，然后你才能 一个人，假如情感不怎么健康，他就会对自己做出的反应抱否定态度。 明白，某一特定技巧是否对你有效。 (第二课重点句) (第一课阅读) Your day begins early in the morning, but it does not end until midnight. You must be physically fit to keep up the pace of life. Now. let’s look at the value of fitness—it helps people to cope with their busy way of life. People think that overall body fitness helps them look and feel better. Many people, especially young people, want to look in the mirror and see the kind of body they often, see in the media. then they start fitness programs. With efforts, people usually start to feel better. both physically and mentally. They realize that change is possible. They see it happening to their bodies every day. They get to realize that exercises are a meaningful part of their everyday lives. In fact, fitness means happiness. F0rtunately, people don’t have to be a real sportsman to enjoy the health benefits of physical activity. In fact, if you just do it a bit more, you can do you good. For example ,take a walk frequently, and you will get a lot of health benefits. 你的一天，从清晨开始，直到午夜，这一天才算结束。要保持这样的生活节奏，你就得有好体魄。 现在，让我们看一看健康的价值:健康的体魄可以帮助人们应对忙忙碌碌的生活方式。人们认为，身体好才会精神爽、感觉好。 很多人，特别是年轻人，喜欢照镜子，希望自己有一副媒体中经常看见的好身材。于是，他们开始健身计划，经过锻炼，人们通常感觉不错，无论是身体 上还是精神上。他们意识到，变化是可能的。他们发现，他们的身体每天都在变化。他们逐渐体会到这种健身活动是每天生活中很有意义的组成部分。实际 上，健康意味着幸福。 幸运的是，人们并不需要当一名真正运动员，才能享受体育运动的好处。其实，稍微活动一下，就会给你带来好处。比如，经常散散步，你就能获得健康的 好处。 (第二段阅读) Generally speaking, a physically fit person's organic systems are healthy. They can function efficiently to resist diseases, to enable the fit person to join in various tasks and activities, and to deal with emergent situations. Physical fitness involves various factors. To be a fit person, you should, first of all, improve your heart, lung, and blood vessel function. Cardiorespiratory endurance is the foundation for whole-body fitness. Muscular strength is essential for your body to do work.. muscular strength can be improved by training activities. Muscular endurance has something to do with strength. Naturally, energy is needed when muscles contract. Energy production requires that oxygen and nutrients be delivered by the circulatory system to the muscles. Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move. Flexibility can be highly developed and maintained by regular stretching. The last feature of fitness is body composition. It is the “makeup of the body in terms of muscle, bone, fat, and other elements”. It is important to control the percentages of body fat and fat-free weight. Health experts notice that a large number of people are overweight and obese. Therefore, fat people should do more exercises to help reduce body fat. 一般来说，一个人身体健康，那么他的各个器官系统也是健康的。这些器官系统可以有效地进行工作，以抵御疾病，使健康的人能够从事各项工作，参加 各项活动和应对各种紧急情况。 健康的体魄牵涉多种因素。 要做一个健康人，首先，你就应该改善心、肺以及血管功能。心肺的耐受力是全身健康的基础。 肌肉力量是工作的前提。通过训练，就能提高肌肉力量。 肌肉的耐力与力量有关。当然，肌肉收缩需要能量。要产生能量，循环系统就得把氧和各种营养输送给肌肉。 屈曲性是指关节运动的能力。经常伸缩关节，屈伸性得以高度发展和保持。 健康的最后一项特征是身体构成。身体构成指身体在肌肉、骨骼、脂肪以及其他成分等方面的构成。重要的是，要控制好身体脂肪和去脂重量的百分比。 健康专家注意到，有一大批人超重、肥胖。因此，一个人要超重、肥胖，就得多多锻炼，以减少体内脂肪。 (第三段阅读) To be healthy, nutrients are needed throughout life. Food provides the body with the nutrients. Let’s discuss the three familiar nutrients. Carbohydrates are various combinations of sugar. The body uses carbohydrates mainly for energy. The average person requires about 2000kilocalories per day and about 60%of our calories come from carbohydrates. It is recommended that no more than 10% of our total calories come from simple sugars. Fats provide a concentrated form of energy (9calories per gram). Fats carry the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. fat also insulates our bodies to help us retain heat. The recommendation is that no more than 25%to30% of our calories come from fat, for too must fat in our diet is known to be connected with heart disease. Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids. Of the twenty natural amino acids, the body can synthesize all but nine essential amino acids from the foods we eat. When even one essential amino acid is missing from the diet, a deficiency can develop. Nutritionists recommend that 12%to15%of our caloric intake be from protein, particularly that of plant origin. 要保持健康，人的一生都需要营养。食品给肌体提供营养。我们先讨论一下三种熟悉的营养物质。 碳水化合物是糖的各种组成形式。人体主要利用碳水化合物产生能量。人每天一般需要约2000千卡热量，60%的热量来自碳水化合物。从单糖摄入的热量最 好不宜超过总量的10%。 脂肪提供高能量。脂肪含有脂溶性维生素A、D、E和K。脂肪还具有隔热作用，可以标准我们保持热量。来自脂肪的热量最好不宜超过总热量的25%到30%， 因为，现已知悉心脏病与摄入过多的脂肪有关。 蛋白质由氨基酸链组成。在20种天然氨基酸中，在20种天然氨基酸中，除了9种必需氨基酸我们要从食物中摄取外，人体能合成其余所有的主要氨基酸。 食物中即使缺少一种必需的氨基酸，都会发生营养不良。营养学家建议，12%-15%的热量应从蛋白质种摄入，尤其是植物蛋白。 (第二课阅读) There is a difference between emotional and psychological wellness . Many people don’t think so. They believe that both show the fact that a person does not have emotional and psychological illness. However, other people think that emotional health means the feelings people have when their situation is changed. these feelings, such as anger, jealousy, joy, disappointment, compassion, and sympathy, are familiar, healthy emotions. Different people have different responses to change. And such difference shows each person’s values. People feel good about their responses, if they have healthy emotions. Those who are less emotionally well feel negative about their responses. In contrast to emotional health, some people think that psychological health refers more widely to the development and functioning of a wide range of mental abilities, such as language, memory, perception, etc. for example, if a person believes that government agents are following him, he has faulty perception so he would be considered not psychologically healthy. If a person is psychologically healthy, he will deal rationally with the world. And he will have a fully functional personality and resolve conflicts constructively. 情感健康与心理健康之间是有区别的。许多人不以为然。他们认为，情感健康与心理健康都反映了这样一个事实:人是没有情感与心理问的。然而，其 他人却认为，情感健康是指环境变化时人们所具有的情感。这些情感，诸如愤怒、嫉妒、欢乐、失望、怜悯和同情，都是一些为人们所熟悉的健康情感。对 于环境的变化，不同的人会有不同的反应。这种区别却反映了每个人的价值观。情感健康的人对自己做出的反应感到满意。 一个人假如情感不那么健康，就会对自己做出的反应抱否定态度。与情感健康相对的是，一些人认为，心理健康的范围更为广泛，它指的是一系列新智力 的发展与机能，例如:语言、记忆以及感知等。例如:如果一个人受到政府密探的追踪，他的感觉就会出问题，因此，人们就可能认为他心理不健康。如果 一个人心理健康，他就会理性地应对这个世界，而且他会很有个性，能积极地解决各种内心的矛盾。 (第二段阅读) Most people have the opportunity to be psychologically well. To achieve psychological well-being, we need to improve certain skills and abilities. First of all, improving our communication. Before speaking, we should take time to understand what needs to be said. For example, dose the listener need information, encouragement, humor, or something else? On the other hand, we also need to be a skilled listener. While talking with others, we should listen carefully in order to hear everything and to catch the main point. We can stop, in a polite way, the speaker at certain points and ask him or her to repeat or explain the information. This technique helps us to understand what the speaker really means. Second, using humor effectively. Having a sense of humor is important for psychological wellness. To live is to have fun. So it’s a good idea not to take yourself or your life situations too seriously. Try to recognize the humor in everyday situations, and you will feel positive, and other enjoy being around them. Finally, improving conflict management skills. In spite of our best efforts to avoid it, conflict regularly occurs. If a person has the ability to meet and resolve conflict, he is psychologically well. Perhaps the best conflict resolution technique is dialogue. In this way, an exchange of facts and ideas takes place so that opinions can be advanced and weighed. The goal is to reach a compromise that all parties accept. If we pay attention to the above-mentioned, our psychological fitness will certainly be enhanced. 大多数人都可能保持心理健康。要获得心理健康，我们需要改进某些技巧。 首先要改善交际方法。说话之前，我们需要花些时间，思考一下，要说些什么。比如说，听者需要信息、鼓励、幽默还是别的什么,另一方面，我们 听别人说话的时候，也要熟练掌握技巧。我们与别人交流的时候，应该听得仔细，听清每一句话并抓住其要点。我们可以打断别人的话，当然是以一种礼貌 的方式，请他们重复或者解释一下某一件事。这个技巧能帮助我们理解说话的人真正意思。 其次要有效地运用幽默感。对于心理健康来说，有幽默感是很重要的。活着就是要有乐趣。所以，凡是不要过于认真，这个想法不会错。如果能寻找 日常生活中的幽默，那么你就会有良好的自我感觉。假如人们能在日常生活中来点幽默 ，那么大家就会积极向上，其他人也会乐于与之为伍。 最后，我们还要提高应对冲突的技巧。尽管我们尽力避免冲突，冲突还是会经常发生的。如果一个人有能力应对并解决冲突，那么他的心里健康状况 就不错。也许，对话是解决冲突的最好方法。采取对话的方式，人们可以交流信息，互换想法，这样，就可以提出意见，权衡见解。其目的是达成为各方所 接受的妥协意见。 各种上述各点，我们就一定能提高自身的心理健康水平。 (第三段阅读) In the past, people dealt with stresses by escaping them. They did it through negative dependency behavior, such as withdrawal, or aggressiveness. Nowadays, it is no longer socially acceptable to do so. Therefore, the emphasis is put on lifestyle management techniques, including time management. The techniques are effective, which also support overall health, social relationships, and the social environment. Experts in stress management have proposed several effective techniques for coping with stress, which include self-hypnosis, the relaxation response, progressive muscle relaxation, quieting, yoga, diaphragmatic breathing, biofeedback and art\dance\poetry therapy. You will not know whether a particular copying approach is effective for you until you study the technique and use it for some time. As a matter of fact, we can also take a realistic perspective on stress and life. To develop this type of realistic approach to today’s fast-paced, demanding lifestyle, use the following: Don’t be surprised by trouble. Search for solutions. Take control of your own future. Move away from negative thought patterns. Accept the unchangeable. Live each day well. Act on your capacity for growth. Allow for renewal. Tolerate mistakes. If you have a realistic and positive outlook on life, you’ll live a satisfying and fruitful life. 过去，人们才去逃避的方法以应对紧张。他们采取退隐、好斗等消极行为。如今，从社会的角度来说，采取这样的做法是不可取的。因此，重点应放 在生活方式管理技巧方面，包括时间管理。这些技巧是行之有效的，能维护整体健康，维护人际关系以及社会环境。 为了应对压力问题专家提出了好些有效的技巧来应对压力。这些技巧包括自身催眠、松弛反应、渐进性肌肉放松、镇静练习、瑜伽术、腹式呼吸、生 物反馈以及艺术舞蹈诗歌疗法。你需要学习这些技巧，花上一些时间，使用一下这些技巧，然后你才明白，某一特定技巧是否对你有效。 事实上，我们还可以对压力、人生采取现实主义的态度。今天的生活方式节奏快，要求高，为了养成这种现实主义的态度，可以采用下面的一些方法 不要对问题大惊小怪。 寻求解决办法。 把握自己上网未来。 摆脱负面的思维方式。 接受无法改变的事物。 好好度过每一天。 量力而行。 允许重做。 容忍错误。有了积极实现的人生观，你的生活就会令人满意而又有成效。 physically身体上地;pace步法，步态;function消耗，消费;ketchup调味番茄酱;salad色拉;acceptable可接受的;emphasis强调，重点;活动，运行;cope(善于)应付，(善于)处理;dressings调料;canned灌装的;concentratedlifestyle生活方式;propose建议;hypnosismedia媒体;program程序，计划;mentally精集中的，浓缩的;soluble可溶的;vitamin维催眠;relaxation松弛;organization组织;神上地;fortunately幸运地;sportsman运动生素;insulate使绝缘，隔离;visible看得见define定义;merely仅仅，只;absence缺席，员;benefit好处;frequently经常地;organic的;amino acid氨基酸;synthesize合成;legume没有;infirmity虚弱，衰弱;definition定义;器官的，组织的;resist抵御;emergent紧急豆类;deficiency缺乏;enzyme酶;hormonerealistic现实(主义)的;scientifically按的;lung肺;blood vessel血管;荷尔蒙;nutritionist营养学家;reflect反映;科学的方法;concept观念，概念;adult成年cardiorespiratory心和肺的;endurance耐力，psychological心理(上)的;anger愤怒;人;hypertension高血压;documented备有证耐性;foundation基础;;muscular肌肉的;jealousy嫉妒;compassion怜悯;sympathy同明文件的;functioning机能;potential潜在strength力量;contract收缩;require要求;情，同情心;response回答，反应; 的;insufficient不足的，不够的;hygiene卫oxygen氧;nutrient营养物;deliver递送;emotionally在情绪上，感动地;feel good about生;alcohol酒精，酒;abuse滥用;emotionalcirculatory循环的;flexibility韧性;joint 对 „感到满意;negative否定(的)，消极(的);情绪的，情感的;pregnancy怀孕;stressor禁关节;feature特点;composition作文，构成;in contrast to与„形成对比;perception理止性刺激;relate使联系，发生关系;differmakeup组成;in terms of就„而言;element解，感知;awareness知道，意识;communication不一致，不同;individual个人，个体;source元素，成分;percentage百分比;overweight交际，交流;encouragement鼓励;humor幽默;来源;financial财政的，金融的;social社会超重;obese肥胖的;tissue组织;physiologicalskilled熟练的;take sth seriously把„认真的;legal法律的;research研究;environment生理(学)的;carbohydrate碳水化合物;protein对待;daily每日的，日常的;positive积极的，环境;industrial工业的，产业的;expose使蛋白质;calory卡路里，热量;metabolism新向前进的;conflict冲突;resolution解决;暴露;chemical化学制品，化学药品;coal煤;陈代谢;store存储;glycogen肝糖，糖原质;weigh权衡;compromise妥协，折衷;party当miner矿工;protect保护;workplace工作场所;adipose脂肪的;combination结合，化合;事人;enhance增强，提高;dependency依靠;unfavorable不利的;dwelling住处;overcrowdrecommend推荐;simple sugar单糖;consumewithdrawal退隐;aggressive好斗的;使过度拥挤;contract得(病);