初一英语知识小清单u1-u5

初一英语上册u1-u5知识小清单 Model 1 unit 1 making friends Reading Anna’ blog 知识点概述 1. welcome to my blog . welcome to 欢迎到.. . welcome “欢迎光临” 2. I’ from Germany. Be from =come from 来自 接地方名 Germany 德国 German a. 德国的 n. 德国人 （复数 Germans ） 3. I ‘m 11 years old . 可替换成 My age is 11 / I ‘m aged 11 4.I live with my family in a house close to some mountains. 我和我的家人居住在靠山的一栋房子里。 Live with 和…住一起 Close to some mountains 相当于定语成分修饰house。 Close to 接近，和该短语相对应的短语 far away from 远离 5. Every day I go to school by school bus Go to school 去上学 (课外 go to the school 去学校—不一定去上课，可能是工作等) By school bus 乘坐校车。 By +交通工具 by car / bike… 6. My favorite subject is Math. Favorite = like …best最喜欢 7.My dream is to be an engineer. be an engineer. 动词不定式短语，be 示“成为” 8. I’m good at swimming and playing basketball Be good at = do well in z在某些方面做得好 反义短语 be bad at / be poor at 9. I want to make friends with young people from all over the world. Want to do … 想要做…all over the world 遍及世界 10. Please email us your answer to these questions Email sb. sth. =email sth. to sb. 用电子邮件给…发邮件 The answer to question 问题的答案。 语法点概述 1. wh- question 特殊疑问句 常见特殊疑问词： what who when where which why how how 2. 不定冠词a/an A用于辅音因素开头的字母和单词前。如 a little An 则用于原因因素开头的字母和单词前 如 an M an hour       Model 1 unit 2 daily life Reading A day at school 知识点概述 1. Look at these pictures and answer the questions about your daily life. look at= have a look at 看一看; daily life:日常生活 2. Which of these things do you do once or twice a week? 助动词do/does/did后面要跟动词原形; once a week, 一周一次 twice a week , 一周两次 three（four/ five…）times a week 3. brush one’s teeth刷牙; watch television= watch TV看电视; play table tennis打乒乓球； ride a bicycle骑单车; play the piano弹钢琴; wash my clothes= do some washing洗衣服 拓展：wash one’s face; comb one’s hair; pack one’s bag; do some cooking; go shopping= do some shopping; play computer games 4. Look at the title of the article on page 17. on page 17:在17页 在具体体一天用on; 在具体几点钟用at; 在一段时间（如上/下午、星期、月份、季节、年），则用in on Monday; at 4 o’clock; in the morning; in summer; circle:圈出，划出； the correct answer:正确的答案 5. How does Sam go to shool? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 6. a day at school 学校的一天; by Sam: 由Sam写的 at school 在上学 at the school在学校（可能是老师或家长） in hospital: 生病住院 in the hospital: 在医院（可能是护士或家属） in bed: 卧病在床；躺在床上 in the bed: 在床上（被窝里）； on the bed: 在床上（如枕头） 7. I am a junior high school student. I love going to school. junior high school 初中 senior high school 高中 primary school 小学 love doing sth.= live doing sth. = enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 8. My school is close to my home, so I always go to school on foot. family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”，与居住的房子无关。 当family作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数；当“家庭成员”讲时是复数; house 指“家”时含义较窄，仅指“房屋”这一建筑物，一般指独门独户的房子，不指楼房; home 指“家、住所”，指一个人（或一家人） 居住的地方，也可指一个人出生或长大的地方（乡村、城市或国家等）。 它具有house所 没有的感情色彩 always:总是.频率副词always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ seldom/ hardly/ never 表示频率由多到少，是一般现在时的标志。(位于be 动词之后，实义动词前)对频率提问用 how often go to school on foot= walk to school步行去学校 go to…on foot = walk to … 9. Classes start at 8 am, and I am seldom late. start at: 几点开始 be late: 迟到 be late for school 上学迟到 10. I enjoy learning about different places in the world. learn about:获悉；了解 different places in the world: 世界各地 11. We have our morning break at 9:50. have one’s morning break: 上午休息时间 have a break 课间休息 have a rest 休息一会 12. When the bell rings, I run to the playground with my best friends Tom and Jack. when:当……的时候 此处连接两个先后发生的动作；也可表示两个动作同时发生，则：“过去进行时+ when+ 一般过去时”；另外, when也可对时间提问，“何时” run to…with sb. 和某人一起跑到…… my best friends: 我最好的朋友们 13. Break ends at 10:10. How Short it is! end at: ……时间结束 how+ adj. (+主+谓) = what+ (a/an) + adj.+ n. (+主+谓) how 主要修饰形容词和副词， what修饰名词。 How short it is! = What short time it is! 14. Lunch is from 11:50 to 12:30 p.m. from…to… 从……到…… from Monday to Friday 15. Then Tom, Jack and I take part in the school band practice. band: 乐队 the school band practice: 学校乐队练习 practice: 名词：练习 Learning a language needs a lot of practice. 动词 practice doing sth. practice sth 16.. I always have a good time at school. have a good time = enjoy oneself= have fun 玩得开心 at school 在学校 语法点概述 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实和普遍真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 补充：4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。如： If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a party. 如果你今天下午来，我们就举行一个宴会。 二、一般现在时常用下列副词或副词短语来作时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never, every day(week, year, night), on Sundays, on Monday, in the evening, once/ twice/ three times a month 例句: I often visit my teachers. 我经常看望我的老师。 例句: They do morning exercises every day. 他们每天做早操。 其中根据频度的“密疏”，频度副词的排列顺序是：always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never 频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后；而副词短语经常位于句末或句首。例如： I often get up early. 我经常起得早。 He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好。 I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。 对频度副词提问时，用how often. --How often do you go to see your grandparents? --Once a week. 区分：sometime, some time, sometimes, some times sometime指将来或过去的“某个时候”，指时间点；some time“一些时间，相当长的时间”，指时间段；sometimes“有时”，是频度副词；some time“几次，几倍”，time作可数名词，意为“次数，倍数” every day表示“每天，天天”，是副词短语；而everyday表示“日常的”，是形容词，强调平常与普通。 English is widely used in everyday life.英语在日常生活中广泛使用。 三、一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，即要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 四、一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 ①否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 ②一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. ③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 ①否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. ②一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 五、动词碰到第三人称单数时，要进行相应的变化: 动词+s的变化规则 1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks work - works 2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies carry - carries 4. have - has     Module 2 unit 3 The earth Reading Protect the earth 知识点概述 1. What things are there on earth? On earth 在地球上 2. there are also many people like you and me on earth There be 句型 表示“某地有某物” 根据“就近原则” 疑问句将be动词往前移。 Also 跟too 表示“也”also放在句中，too 放在句末。 Like 在句中做“像”介词 3.Some live on the land , some fly in the sky ,some live under the water Some…some 一些…一些… on the land 在陆地上 in the sky 在天空中 under the water 在水下 4. The Earth provides us with air ,water and light . Earth 地球表示世界独一无二的东西，前面加the Provide sb. with sth = provide sth for sb. 为某人提供某物 5. we put rubbish into the sea and under the ground Put …into 将…倒入… 6. we must stop doing these things. Must do sth 必须做某事 Stop doing sth, 停止做某事—停止正在做的事情 Stop to do sth 停止去做某事---停止正在做的事情去做某事 7.it is important for us to protect the earth for our future. 万能句型：it is + a.+ for sb to do sth.----- 睡觉也不能忘掉的句型 It is important for students to study. 对学生来说学习是重要的 8. What ‘s the weather like ? =how is the weather? 语法概述 可数名词与不可数名词 There be 句型---遵循“就近原则”     Module 2 unit 4 Season Reading The four seasons 知识点概述 1. In Spring ,the weather starts to get warm . In spring 在春天，季节前面用介词in Start to do sth. 开始做某事，相当于begin to do sth, Get warm 变暖 get变得 后面接形容词 get cold 2. The wind blows gently 形容词修饰名词如good man 好人 副词形容动词 如 blow gently 轻轻地吹 The sun shines brightly. 3. it often rains . it指代的是天气 4.Everything turns green . Turn 同get 一样表示系动词，后接形容词，常用语表示“颜色”方面的变化 如turn yellow 变黄了， turn red 变红 5. it is nice to go on a picnic at this time . 一年之中在这个时候去野餐真是太棒了 万能句型：it is + a.+ for sb to do sth.----- 睡觉也不能忘掉的句型 It is important for students to study. 对学生来说学习是重要的 At this time 在…的这个时候 At that time 在…的那个时候 Go on a picnic = have a picnic 6. People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festive. Spend “花费” spend time with sb 花（时间）与某人在一起 Spend time （in）doing sth 花费时间做某事 Spend time on sth 在某事花费时间 7. I have a lot of fun. Have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心 A lot of = lots of 后面接可数名词或者不可数名词 语法点概述 1. 名词变形容词的形式： 名词+y lucky 个别名词+ly friendly 友好的 加后缀ful beautiful     Module 3 unit 5 Reading A trip to space 知识点概述 1. there can be more than one answer. 答案可能多于一个。 More than 多于，超过，相当于 over 2. Tomorrow I will be one of the first students to travel into the space One of the …中之一。后面接可数名词复数” 谓语动词用单数形式。 Guangzhou Town is one of the most popular towns in the world 3.i can’t wait 我等不及了 Wait for sb. 等待某人 Wait to do sth 等着去做某事 Can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 4.The moon I around 380,000 km from the Earth.so it’ll take us about four days to get there. Around 副词 ， 意为“大约” 相当于about So ,连词，表示因此 It takes sb. time to do sth = spend time on sth./ in doing sth 花费多少时间做某事 it’ll take us about four days to get there. = we will spend four days to get there. 5. when we arrive ,I’m going to walk on the moon . When 连词，“当….时候” Be going to 打算做某事 On the moon 在月球上 6. help sb with sth 在某事上帮助某人 Help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 7. I am going to take photos as many as I can . Take photos = take pictures 照相 8. don’t worry ,we have enough time Don’t worry ： 别担心 Enough 意为足够的 修饰名词位于名词前 enough money 足够的前 修饰形容词位于后面 或前面rich enough 或者 enough rich 语法点概述 一般将来时