冠词的用法

冠词的用法 高考英语语法之一:冠词的用法 考点概述:冠词的泛指和特指是近几年高考的重点，其次，冠词的 灵活运用，比如，形容词比较级、序数词之前不定冠词的使用、抽 象名词具体化、冠词的习惯搭配则是考查的难点。 一、冠词概述: 1. 冠词的种类: 包括定冠词 the和不定冠词a / an 2. 冠词的位置; 1)一般来说, 冠词放在名词或名词词组之修饰或限制语的最前面。 比如: a matter, an easy problem, a necessary action, the old stone bridge, 2)但是，如果名词词组中有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, off等词修饰时，这些词要放在定冠词之前。 Exactly the same color, just the right place, half the story, doubles the amount, all the students, both the girls 3)以下六种限定词之间在作限定词时是相互排斥的，不能同时使 用，只能使用其中的一种。: 1 冠词、指示代词(如:this, that, these, those)、形容词性物主代词(如:my, your, his, her等)名词所有格(如:Tom‟s, the Smiths)、不定代词(如:every, each, any)以及疑问代词(如:which, what)。比如: one of my friends(不说my a friend) a friend of mine 或 the two teachers of yours(不说your the two teachers) Which umbrella is yours? (不说Which an umbrella is yours?) a bike of this kind(不能说:a this kind of bike) once every few days (不能说:once every a few days) 3. 冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指 1) 泛指是指说话者双方心目中都不知道具体指的是哪一个人或物，而只知道指的是某一个。一般情况下，被泛指的对象是第一次提到的。 2)特指是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或物，至少有一方知道具体指的是哪个人或物。一般情况下，被特指的人或者物或者上文已经提到，或者是其前、后有限制性修饰语。 3) 类指是指具有共同性质或者典型特征的人或事物的一个类别。其表达方法如下: (1)普通名词前使用冠词表示类指 2 ? “a/an + 单数名词”: 侧重于指类别中的任何一个特点，因为不定冠词含有“某一个”之含义。 A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across. 老虎是一种身长带有黑色条纹黄毛、形体很大并且很凶猛的猫科动物。 ? “the + 单数名词”:指整个类别，并且此类别是可以区分于另一类别的，因为the表示特指。 The car goes faster than the bike. ? “零冠词+ 复数名词或者不可数名词”: 侧重指类别中的许多个体。 Farmers are busy in autumn. Water can flow. ?“a/an + 单数名词”通常强调个体，起泛指作用，其用法相当于any;“the + 单数名词既可强调个体(可与不定冠词互换)，也可强调整体。如: The monkey is a clever animal. = A monkey is a clever animal.(表示泛指意义) The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎面临灭绝的危险。(此句用定冠词概括整个类属，不能换成不定冠词) 3 (2)“the + 形容词或者分词”表示类指，表示一类人或一类事物。 the rich 富人the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人 the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者the strong 强者 the dead 死者 the blind 盲人the dumb 哑巴 the deaf 聋子 the wounded 伤员 the injured 伤员 the impossible不 the dying垂死的人 可能的事the unknown 未知世界the living生者 (3) “the + 民族词汇复数形式”表示类指 The Chinese are hard-working. 有些民族词汇有两种复数形式，如:English，Englishmen; French, Frenchmen等，此时，the English 表类指，the Englishmen既可以表特指又可以表专指。 The English/Englishmen use a knife a fork in their meals. (类指) The Englishmen in the dinning hall are having supper now. (专指) The French/Frenchmen are romantic. (类指) The Frenchmen are playing tennis now. 那些法国人在打网球。(专指) 3. 专指是指类别中的一员或者一部分具体事物。见上面例子。 二、不定冠词的用法 4 不定冠词是限定词中的一类，是一种虚词，一般用来修饰单数可数名词，但有时也可修饰不可数名词。 1. a/an的区别:不定冠词a用在以辅音开头的单词前面;不定冠词an用在以元音开头的单词前面。比如:a wallet，a European country，a university，a useful animal, a one-eyed dog; an hour, an 8-year-old boy, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor 2. 表示类指:指人或事物的某一种类, 即以其中的一个代表一类，侧重于指类别中的任何一个特点，并将其与其他类的人或事物区别开来。 A bird can fly. A cow is a domestic animal A horse is a useful animal. A steel worker makes steel. 下定义时通常这样用: A teacher is a person who teaches. 教师就是教书的人 但是，若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词而要用定冠词来表示类别(此时多与“发明”、“绝 种”这样的意义相联系): 5 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 3. 表示泛指 1)泛指某人、某物。可以表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个, 但不 具体说明是何人、何物。大多用于第一次提到某人、某物时。 I gave him a book yesterday. I am reading an interesting story. There is a tree in front of my house. We need a boy to do the work. A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday. 比较: A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎是危险的。(类指) A tiger has escaped. 有一只老虎逃跑了。(泛指) 2)用于补语或同位语前，表示某人的身份、职业、阶级、国籍等: He is a Frenchman. 他是法国人。 My father is a doctor. 我父亲是医生。 6 Mr. Zhang is considered (to be) an excellent English teacher. Wang Ling, a maths teacher, is to give us a lecture tomorrow. 但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个人担任或表示称号、头衔 时，则使用零冠词。例如: In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. 4. 表示数量 1)表示类似数词 one 的含义，但数的概念没有one强烈 I stayed there for a week. I‟d like a tea and two coffees. He spent an hour reading the letter. 注:不定冠词与 one 的区别 (1) 不定冠词侧重指“类别”概念，而数词 one 侧重指数量概念并 要重读。有时尽管两者都可用，但含义有差别: He bought a bike. 他买了辆自行车(买的是自行车而不是汽车或卡 车等) He bought one bike. 他买了一辆自行车(意指买的是一辆自行车，不 是两辆或三辆) 7 (2) 当要强调数量概念或进行数量对比时，只能用数词 one: We need one table, not two tables. (3) more than a year一年多的时间(即一年零几个月);more than one year不止一年的时间(即两年\三年……) (4) a day or two(,one or two days)一两天 前者作主语时，谓语动词用单数、复数均可;后者作主语时，谓语 用复数形式。 2) 用在表示时间, 速度, 价格等的单位名词前, 表示 "每一"。其中 的a近似于per, each, very。 We often go to school two times a day. I went to the library once a week at least. The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 3)用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 4)用在基数词前表示一个数量单位。此时，基数词和之后的量词 (用单数形式)之间可以用连字符号连接(或者之后再加一个形容 词)，相当于一个复合形容词。 a ten years l0年 a dozen times l2次 8 a ten-year plan a five-year-old girl 5) 用在“of，a/an，名词”结构中，说明事物的同一性质、特征、大 小或程度等，表示“同一”、“相同”之意。等于the same. Birds of a feather flock together. Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age. My elder brother‟s shoes and mine are of a size. This hat and that one are of a shape. 5. 不定冠词的其他用法 1)用在姓氏、城市、品牌等的专用名词前，表示“和……相似的人、 事或地方, The house next door has been bought by a Mr. Jones. A Mr. Smith wants to see you. He thought he was a Zhu Geliang. We need a Washington today。今天我们需要像华盛顿那样的人物 My wife is a Stuart(我的妻子是斯图亚特家的人。 The city is a London in miniature。那个城市就像是个“小伦敦”。 His father bought an Underwood last week. 安德伍德牌打字机。 9 2)用在作家、画家、发明家等名词前表示其作品 He bought a complete Lu Hsun. I have got a complete Shakespeare at hand(我手头有莎士比亚全集。 3)用在一些与动词同形的名词前，表示一次、一番等义(通常与 have, take, make, give 等动词连用):用在名词化的动名词前，表示一些响声。 We‟ve already had a try at it. I went down to the beach and took a swim. Let‟s go out for a walk. Do you care for a smoke? Would you like a drink? have a look make a dream need a wash a crashing of gears变速箱发出的一阵阵碰撞声 a screeching of types刹车时汽车轮胎发出刺耳的响声 4)用在带有定语的专有名词、季节、月份、节假日、星期、三餐或者自然想象名词前，表示情况的改变;用在带有定语的世界上独一无二名词前，表示具有某种特征。此时的不定冠词类似a kind of。 10 He settled in a China which every one knows to have been completely changed for two years。 climate 气候?a mild climate 温和的气候 have breakfast 吃早餐?have a quick breakfast吃快餐 a new moon一轮新月 a world like ours像我们这样的世界 5)用在某些抽象名词前使其具体化，变为普通名词，表示与之相关的具体的人或事。如: He was a success in business. 他事业成功。 It‟s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事 It is a bother to me。这对我来说是件麻烦事。 She is an honor to her school，她是个为母校增光的人。 6)用在某些物质名词前使其变成普通名词，表示单位或者某些自然想象的“一场，一阵” a glass一只玻璃杯 a tea 一杯、一碗茶 a hot coal一块烧红的煤 a heavy rain一阵大雨 7)两个名词如果指同一物或同一人时只用一个a/an，如果指两件物品或两个人时，两个词分别用a/an。 11 a red and black skirt一条红黑相间的裙子(一条) a red and a black skirt一条红裙和一条黑裙(二条) He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 There‟s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。 10)与形容词的最高级连用，表示“非常”、“很”等: This is a almost interesting story. 8) 与某些副词搭配时的位置: ?“quite/rather(相当，颇，或多或少) + a/an ( +adj. ) + 单数名词”; He is quite a good player. We spent quite a long time rehearsing the play. 注意:不定冠词与副词 quite / rather 连用时，a (an) 一般要后置，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则 a (an) 放在 quite, rather 之前或之后均可以: 正:He is rather a fool. 他是个大傻瓜。 误:He is a rather fool. (因为名词前无形容词，所以错误) It is quite a good book. = It is a quite good book. He is rather good a boy. = He is a rather good boy. 12 ? “half, such, what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词”; What a wonderful film you have seen. Half an hour Such good a boy ? “many a/an +单数名词” 很多，许多 He has been to Lanzhow many a time. (=many times) “not a/an +单数名词” 不止一个 ?“so(as, too, how, however)，形容词 + a/an +单数名词” She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet. It‟s too difficult a lesson for us to understand. It is too difficult a book for us beginners. We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks. No one realized how serious a mistake it was until much later. However clever a student he is, he should follow the teacher‟s instruction now. 6. 用于某些习惯搭配或者固定搭配 13 a lot(of), a few, a little, all of a sudden, a waste of, at a time, at a loss, at a distance, at a mouthful, in a hurry, after a while, once in a while, once upon a time, for a time, for a while, for a long time, in a sense, in a measure, with a score of, have a good time, have a look, have a swim, have a cold, have a gift for, have a word with sb., have(take) a rest/break, have a holiday, have a population of, tell a lie, do somebody a favor, get a gift/ride, get an education, go on a diet, keep a diary 三、定冠词the的用法 1. 表示特指: 既可特指上文提到过的人或事物，也可特指谈话双方 都清楚的人或事物，还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事 物。 1) 第二次提到 There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 2)表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物 Shut the door, please. Has he returned the book? Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 14 Where‟s the teacher? The manager you want to see was here just now. 3)有定语修饰或者限制 Please hand me the key on the desk. The girl in red is his sister. The building over there is the tallest in the town. 2. 表示类指:“the+单数可数名词、形容词或分词”表示类指: The computer is a great invention. 计算机是一项伟大的发明。 The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。 The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。 3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物 主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world, the atmosphere等东西。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 【说明】若这类名词前、后有定语修饰，表示具有某种特征，则也 可能将定冠词改为不定冠词，如 a full moon，a friendly world 15 Sitting down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act in strange ways. 序数词和形容词、副词最高级连用 4. 与 序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词;副词最高级前可用定冠 词，也可不用。如: It was the best result they‟ve ever had. 这是他们历来取得的最好成 绩。 He won the first game and I won the second, so we‟re even. She sings (the) most beautifully in our school. 【说明】1)当序数词表示名次时，其前的定冠词通常可以省略。如: Who won (the) first prize? 2) 另外，当序数词不是表示顺序，而是表示“又一，再一，另一个” 时，则在其前用不定冠词。如: I want to read it a second time. Can you give me a second chance, please? 3) 当序数词修饰动词实际上已经成为副词，此时使用零冠词。 He was only five when I first met him. 16 4) ? 当形容词的最高级不表示比较，仅表示一种程度，意为“非常”时，不须加定冠词, 应使用不定冠词a / an, Xiamen is a most (=very) beautiful city. That's most kind of you. It is most important for anyone to read books. 注意:在此处表示“非常”含义时，在形容词的最高级前，可以加 不定冠词a 。例如: This is a most interesting story .这是一个极为动人的故事。 It is a most important question. 这是个非常重要的问题。 ? 当最高级形容词作表语时，并且主语不与别的人或事物作比 较，而是同自身不同时期的情况相比，不须用定冠词。例如: We are usually busiest on Mondays. 我们通常在星期一最忙。 The lake is deepest at this Point. 这湖此处最深。 5. 用于某些专有名词前 一般情况下，纯粹的专有名词前面不用定冠词，例如，Beijing, New York等。但是， 在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠、运 河等专有名词前，要使用定冠词the。比如: The Changjiang River, the Huai River，the Hudson River, the West Lake, the Yellow River, the Red Sea 红海, the Indian Ocean 印度 17 洋, the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡, the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠, the River Nile, the Ural Mountains, (the Urals), the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel，the East China Sea 东海the Jinggang Mountains，the Yangtze River，the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山the Rocky Mountains 落基 山脉the South China Sea 南中国海 注:表示湖泊的专有名词前通常不加定冠词，但对于中国的湖泊则 习惯上要加定冠词，如 the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)。 但是，Mount Tai，China Daily 2) 在由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词前面要使用定 冠词the。如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、 建筑物等前。 the Great Wall the United States the Times the Great Cultural Revolution the Summer Palace the United Nations the United States of America the Red Cross Hospital the Olympic Games the Shanghai Railway Station the People's Republic of China the North Pole the People's Daily 3)有一些地名，如果是以纯粹的专有名词开头，一般不用冠词， 但如果是以普通名词开头，一般要用定冠词。如: 18 Beijing University 或者the University of Beijing 6. 西洋乐器前面往往要加定冠词，但是此类名词用作普通名词时，可以使用不定冠词。 比如，当乐器名词表示演奏时，其前通常要用定冠词。 She likes playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴。 The girl practices the violin every day. 这女孩每天练习拉小提琴。 如果乐器名词不是表示演奏，而是表示乐器的实物，此时则成为了普通名词，不一定用定冠词。如: He is playing a borrowed violin. These two pianos are very cheap. 7. 用于姓氏的复数之前，表示某某一家人或者某全家中两个或两个以上的人或者表示某一对夫妇。如: None of us here like the Smiths. The Greens were too poor to send their son to school. 8. 用在年代、朝代名词或者逢整十的数词复试形式前 The Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period 19 He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。 The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。 9. 用在表示自然现象的名词前:the rain，the wind, the fog，the snow, the air, the storm，the snowstorm Don't stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。 The wind blew down the trees. 风把树刮倒了。 The ship sank in the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。 The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨净洁了空气。 The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill. 提示:1)这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示“一场，一阵，一种” A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。 There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。 A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下着大雪。 2)这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。 Rain falls in summer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。 Man can't live without air. 没有空气人不能活 10. 在比较级形容词前加定冠词the,可以表示两者中“比较……些的那个……”或 “ 越……, 就越……”;在比较级形容词前加不定冠词a/an则表示“再……，更 ……”,而不表示比较。 20 the taller of the two boys，the more expensive of the coats The farther away from the earth we are, the thinner the air becomes. Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? This pair of shoes is not fit for me. Would you show me a bigger pair? If there are no examinations, we should have a much happier time at school. 11. 用在“by + the + 量度单位名词(时间、长度、重量)”结构中， 表示“按„„(单位)计算” By the hour/ day/ month/year，by the yard, by the dozen, by the gallon 【注意】在和介词by连用的weight, length前不加the. These cigarettes are sold by weight. Cloth is often sold by length. 12. 用在“动词 hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take + sb. + 介词in, on, by, across + 身体某一部位或衣着”中 She touched him on the shoulder. He took the girl by the hand. He hit her on the nose. 21 The stone struck the man in the eye. I caught her by the right hand. She patted the boy on the head. 此外还有:be red in the face, be lame in the right leg, be blind in the left eye 13. 用在方位名词前: on the left/right;in the east/west/north/south; at the back/front of 14. 用在某些习惯用语中 at the same time, by the way, for the present, go to the cinema /theatre; in the end, in the dark, in the least, in the open, in the past, in the long run, in the event of, in the morning, in the way, on the way, on the whole, on the other hand, on the contrary, out of the question, in the daytime, make the most of, in the habit of, not in the least = not at all, on the right, at the moment, go to the doctor‟s, the other day, for the time being, over the radio/phone, on the spot, to tell the truth, in the hope of, with the help of, all the year round, at the age of , at the beginning of, at the end of, at the entrance of, at the foot of, at the head of, by the side of, by the time, catch the post, do the shopping /washing give sb. the message, go to the classroom, in the hat in the middle of the day, jump the queue, lead 22 the way to, look the same, on the earth, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the high jump, the long jump, the next day, the ext year the people, the starting line 15. 用冠词与不用冠词的差异 在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很 大 at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里 by sea 乘船(由海路) by the sea 在海边 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边 in future 从今以后，将来 in the future 未来 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上，在世上 go to school (church…) 上学(做礼拜…) go to the school (church…) 到学校(教堂)去 in front of 在…(外部的)前面 in the front of 在…(内部的)前面 on horseback 骑着马 on the horseback 在马背上 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 two of us 我们当中的两人 the two of us 我们两人(共计两人) out of question 毫无疑问，一定 out of the question 不可能 on the whole = in general 大体上，一般地 as a whole = altogether 全部地，整体 23 A most important meeting the most important meeting A third time 又一次 the third time 第三次 at a distance 稍远一些 in the distance 在远处 A number of 许多 the number of …的数目 for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 目前，暂时 be in charge of 负责… be in the charge of 由…负责，在…掌管之下 by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为…所有 in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据…的见解 in place of 代替 in the place of 在…的地方 be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 He is still in office. 他仍在执政。He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里 四、不用冠词即零冠词的几种情况. 1( 专有名词前 ? 人名: William Shakespeare，Queen Elizabeth，Mama，Papa，Miss Smith，Cook 厨师，Nurse 保姆 ? 地名:Crawford Village 克拉福村Cape Town 开普敦New York City 纽约城London 伦敦Durham County 达勒姆郡France 法国 24 Europe 欧洲Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰Lake Success 成功湖Pearl Barbour 珍珠港Hainan Island 海南岛Lizard Point 利泽德角Wall Street 华尔街Madison Avenue 麦迪逊路 Drury Lane 德鲁里巷Hyde Park 海德公园Trafalgar Square 特拉法加广场 stminster Abbey 西敏Canterbury Cathedral 坎特伯雷大教堂 Holy Mother Church 圣母教堂Windsor Castle 温莎城堡 ? 机构、院校名称:国会(美国)，Parliament议会(英国) Government 政府， Oxford University 牛津大学 Harvard University， Beijing University，Eaton College 伊顿公学，Dala Farm 达拉农场 ? 星体专有名词及其它。 Mercury 水星, Venus 金星, Mars 火星, Polaris 北极星, Scorpion天蝎座, Little Bear小熊座, God 上帝, Heaven天国, Holy Writ 基督教《圣经》, Genesis《创世纪》 2(球类运动前, 以及在和介词by连用的交通工具与通讯方式前不用冠词. He seldom plays football on Sunday morning. They came to Shanghai by ship (water, plane, air, train). 25 We informed him by telegram that we would arrive early in the morning. 注意:如果交通工具名词或通讯方式名词用了复数形式或前面有 了修饰语, 就不能使用介词by,而要用in, on.例如: We can go there on bikes. 3(在三餐饭前或在月、四季、星期或者节假日前不加冠词. Sometimes, she has lunch at school. When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow. The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher‟s Day. Christmas Day, Women‟s Day, Children‟s Day，Teachers‟ Day，New Year's Eve, Christmas Day, Thanksgiving, National Day 但是:the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day [注意] 如果三餐、月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰表示特指或 者有修饰性词语表示泛指时，则要加定冠词或者不定冠词。 In the autumn of 1949, our hometown was liberated. 26 In a cold winter, he left his hometown for Shanghai. We had a good supper at her home. 4( 呼语、职务头衔名词作表语, 同位语, 宾语补足语或主语补足 语时，其前不加冠词。 They elected Bush President of the USA. Jack, head of our workshop, didn‟t agree with us. Who is chairman of the meeting? 5(在学科名称和球类运动名称前。 I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. Can you play basketball? We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。 [注意] I can see a football.(指足球，并非“球类运动”) Where‟s the football, 6(表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠 词。如: (1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如: The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有 27 点不同。 (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如: What‟s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如: There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。 7(零冠词用于普通名词:可用于单数形式的普通名词前，表抽象概念。 ? 强调无所指，表示单纯概念。如: He has great neatness of person.他十分整洁。(person指人的外表 ? 表示大家所熟知的事物。如: There's no place like home任何地方都没有家好。 ? 泛指人或人类。如: Man is mortal. 人必有死。 ? 表示身体部分。如: 28 He was a sleek, short man with bright bald head, pink face and gold-rimmed glasses. 他身材矮小，穿着时髦，头光秃，面粉红，戴着一副金边眼镜。 ? 表示品质或职务。如: 他成了国王。 He became king ? 置于介词之后表示抽象概念。如: I don't go to school—I'm at university. (现今也可说go to university) ? 用于转化为物质名词或抽象名词的普通名词。如: How do you like rabbit? 你喜欢兔肉吗 ? 用于“kind, sort等+of”结构。如: What kind of flower is it? 那是一种什么花 ? 用于“形容词 + of”结构。如: Smith Powel was a large man, red of face.史密斯?鲍威尔身材高大，脸红红的。 8(用于复数形式的普通名词前 Barry is friends with Carl. 29 I want to make friends with you. 9(用于集体名词 用于单数形式的集体名词前，表示复数概念。 The Nazi war criminals were condemned for crimes against humanity. 纳粹战犯因其灭绝人性的罪行而被判刑。 用于复数形式的集体名词前，表示复数概念。如: He is not big on families, he says.他说他并不看重家庭。 10(用于物质名词 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 The windows are all covered with boards窗户全用木板盖上了。 11(用于抽象名词 Wisdom is better than strength. 智慧胜于力量。 不要让雄心勃勃的人嘲笑他们的有益劳动吧。(ambition指雄心勃勃的人，their指劳动人民的 Facts are facts事实就是事实。 30 Sports 运动有益于健康。 12(用于名词化的动名词、形容词、过去分词、序数词等。 ? 用于名词化的动名词 The child was told to play within hearing of the house. 吩咐孩子在离房子里的人能听得见的地方玩。 His actions are not in keeping with his promises. 他的行动与他的承诺不符。 Good beginnings make good endings. 善始方能善终。 Guano means droppings 鸟粪层就是海鸟的粪便，可以用作肥料。 ? 用于名词化的形容词 The reading materials are arranged from easy to difficult 阅读材料是由易到难安排的。 Old and young 老少并肩前进。 杂技难学但好看。 We are taking our finals 我们下星期举行期末考试。 31 ? 用于名词化的过去分词 Let him try that game again on me, and I'll soon put paid to it. 他如果再和我玩这套把戏的话，我将马上叫他收起来。 Do you listen to news broadcasts every day? ? 用于名词化的序数词 Fruit should be sorted into best and seconds and in some cases into thirds. 水果应分类为最好和较次，有时还应该分出第三类。 13. 其它情形下: 1)as/ though引导让步状语从句并且放于句首时，可以把此从句中作表语的名词提到句首。此时，此名词要使用零冠词。 Child as he is, he is very brave. 2)单数名词作联系动词turn的表语时，也是用零冠词 He turned teacher after the war. 3) 在句式“It is/was (high) time that sb. did something.”中，time前不用冠词。 32 It is time that we started out. 4)独立主格结构“名词 + 介词 + 名词”中的介词是in时，其前后 两个名词均不加任何成分(如冠词或者物主代词)，也不是用复数 形式。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. “with + 名词+ 介词短语”, 可以省略with和介词短语当中的名词修 饰语，成为“名词+介词+名词”，其中的名词或者使用复数形式或 者单数形式。 She ran to the hero, with some flowers in her hands. ( flowers in hands) 5)有一些抽象名词:advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)， fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤 害) 等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。 13)零冠词用在一些习惯用语或者固定搭配中: ?名词词组 day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there, pen and ink, master and servant, husband and wife, father and son, sun and moon, every few days ? 介词词组at home, at work, at noon, at night, at midnight, at daybreak, at dust, ahead of time, at war, 33 By weight, by length, by width, by mistake, by chance, by law, on foot, on duty, on time, on business, on holiday, on show, on top of, on board, for example, for certain, for sure，under repair, in surprise, in school, in class, in hospital, in bed, in case of, in use, danger, in public, in debt, in place of, out of work/ order/ control/date /patience/ mind/ money/ question/ reach/ breath/ danger side by side, shoulder to shoulder, arm in arm, hand in hand, face to face ? 短语动词 ? “动词 + 零冠词 + 名词” cast anchor抛锚 lose heart丧失信心着火 make way 前进 change course 改变方向 mount guard 上岗change gear换档 send word 捎信推迟判决 set sail 启航take office ? “介词 + 零冠词 + 名词 (+介词)”， 34 by chance 偶然 on hand 在手头by day 在白天out of date 过时 from beginning 从头in charge主管in fear恐惧on foot 步行 in front of on account of 因为in spite of 不管 in place of 代替 ? “动词+零冠词+名词+介词”，如: catch sight of看到make use of利用do duty for当……用take hold of 抓住find fault with 挑剔take exception to 反对gave way to，give birth to, ? “动词+介词+零冠词+名词” come to power, come to light，come to life 注意:在 go to之后加地点名词, 表示去从事某项活动, 不用冠词; 和介词in连用, 表示在从事某项活动, 也不用冠词. go to school / in school, go to hospital / in hospital, go to class / in class, go to bed / in bed 注意:在以上词组中如果使用冠词, 则表示到某个地点去或在某个地点 I‟m going to the hospital to tell Dr. Li something important. ---Where is your father? ---He is in the school. 35 五、【考题设计】 1.Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food( A. the;a B.不填;a C. the;the D.不填;不填 2.This book tells ____ life story of John Smith, who left ____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the;the B. a;the C. the;不填 D. a;不填 3.Wouldn‟t it be ____ wonderful world if all nations lived in ____ peace with one another, A. a;不填 B. the;不填 C. a;the D. the;the 4.Paper money was in____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. A. the;不填 B. the;the C.不填;the D.不填;不填 5.—Where‟s Jack, —I think he‟s still in____ bed，but he might just be in ____bathroom. A.不填;不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D.不填;the 6.I don‟t like talking on ____telephone;I prefer writing ____ letters. A. a;the B. the;不填 C. the;the D. a;不填 7.Mr. Smith， there‟s a man at ____ front door who says he has ____ news for you of great importance. 36 A. the;不填 B. the;the C.不填;不填 D.不填;the 8.Many people are still in ____habit of writing silly things in ____ public places. A. the;the B.不填;a C. the;不填 D.不填;the 9.Beyond ____ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but ____ space. A. the;不填 B.不填;the C.不填;不填 D. the;the 10.Many people agree that _____knowledge of English is a must in _____international trade today. A. a;不填 B. the;an C. the;the D.不填;the 11.If you grow up in ____ large family，you are more likely to develop____ ability to get on well with_____ others. A.不填; an; the B. a; the;不填 C. the; an;the D. a; the; the 12.Tom owns____ larger collection of ____ books than any other student in our class. A .the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a;the D.不填;the 13.—I‟d like ____information about the management of your hotel， please. —Well，you could have ____word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some;a B. an;some C. some;some D. an;a 14.Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ____music. 37 A.不填;the B.不填;不填 C. the;不填 D. the; the 15.The cakes are delicious. He‟d like to have ____ third one because ____ second one is rather too small. A. a;a B. the;the C. a;the D. the;a 16.The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____wool used( A. the;the B. the;不填 C.不填;the D.不填;不填 17.It was not rare in ____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education. A.1990s; the B. the 1990s; 不填 C.1990s; their D. the 1990s; their 18.The Wilsons live in ____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ____ 17th century cottage. A. the; 不填 B. an; the C.不填;the D. an;a 19.When he left ____ college，he got a job as ____ reporter in a newspaper office. A.不填; a B.不填; the C. a;the D. the;the 20.Mrs.Taylor has ____ 8-year-old daughter who has ____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes. A. a;a B. an;the C. an;a D. the;a 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.C 38 六、典型陷阱题分析:冠词 1. “Do you know ____ English for „帅哥‟?” “I‟m afraid I don‟t. I‟m not interested in ____ English language.” , the D. 不填, 不填 A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填 【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠 词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如: (1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如: The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有 点不同。 (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如: What‟s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如: There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。 2. I couldn‟t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填 39 【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词;而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词;表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。 He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。 My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。 3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard? A. a, a B. 不填，不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a 【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。 【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同:hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There‟s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发);用作不可数名词(集合名词)时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较: He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。 40 He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。 而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须， 而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不 是指多根胡须，如: He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。 Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。 4. I once watched ___ one-act play, which was played by ___ 11-year-old boy. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a 【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案填C。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他: (1) Before he was arrested, he had taken ____ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ___ 18-year-old girl, one of his students. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a (2) We hired ____ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him ____ 100-pound check for just one minute. A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D. an, an 5. “Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则:第一次提到某人或某 41 事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解;而第二空填a 是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前 面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题: “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一 个类似的例子: “Have you seen ____ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it ____ white one? A boy has ridden it away.” A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a 6. My friend Mary is ___ beautiful girl and ___ girl everyone likes to work with. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the 【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二 次提到就应该用定冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的， 此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下(答案选 42 A): (1) Jim is ___ brave boy and ___ boy never fearing anything. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the (2) It is really ____ useful dictionary and ___ dictionary every one of us needs. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the ?精编陷阱题训练? 1. Since tasting the excitement of ___ big city life, she never wants to live in ___ country again. A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the 选D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词;country 表示“农村” 时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。 2. The operation is ____ success and the patient is now out of ____ danger. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填 选B，success 在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词;out of danger(脱 离危险)为习语，其中不用冠词。 3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure. A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填 43 4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____. A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday 5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here. A. the, the B. the, a C. the, 不填 D. a, the 选C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。 6. As is known to us all, ____ tiger is in ____ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the 7. He spent too much time talking on ____ phone while we were all busy at ___ work. A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语 8. As _____ unemployment is very high at the moment, it‟s very difficult for people to find _____ work. A. the, 不填 B.不填，不填 C. the, a D. an, the 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时 其前不用冠词。 44 9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _____ bedroom apartment. A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。 选 D。 10. The education of ____ young is always _____ hot and serious topic. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. the, 不填 11. I often have conversations with John over ____ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ____ letter. A. 不填;the B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. the; a 选 C。over [on] the telephone 为习语，意为“通过电话”;若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter(通过信件)也不用冠词。 12. —John has put forward ____ most challenging question for us to answer. —Yes, it really is. I have never heard ____ harder one. A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很”、“十分”， 故其前用a;第二空也填a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。 45 13. “What about ____ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, ____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.” A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the 14. The market for ___ used computers is getting larger and larger as____ years go on. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠 词。 _ NBA All-star, hasn‟t missed ____ game in 15. “Charley Oakley, ___ the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.” A. an; the B. a; the C. 不填, an D. an, a 选D。NBA中的前面一个音为元音，填an;第二空填a泛指任何 一场比赛。 16. In the market, vegetables are sold by____ kilogram, I mean, by _____ weight. A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填 C. the; the D.不填;the 选A。介词by表示“以…计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定 冠词，如:by the week / by the ton / by the yard / by the meter;若后 46 接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如:by volume / by weight/length/width。 17. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in _____ international trade today. A. the, an B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the 选B。knowledge 不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种 程度的知识，有类似some的意思;第二空trade 为不可数名词，表 示泛指时不用冠词。 18. The cakes are delicious. I‟d like to have _____ third one as _____ second one I ate was too small. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a 19. _____ England of those years was ______ England in peace. A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an C. The, 不填 D. a; the 选B。专有名词表特指前用定冠词;地名名词前加不定冠词，表示 具有某种特征。 20. — Did you happen to see _____ black and _____ white cat? — Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; a E. an; a Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词。the 47 black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A，则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。 七、高考真题回放(2000-2004) l. (2004甘肃、青海) --John，there is _____Mr. Wilson on the phone for you( ___ bath( --I‟m in _ A(a;the B(the;a C(a;不填 D. the;不填 【解析】A不定冠词修饰人名时，表示初次提到一个人，或者说话者认为没有必要或不想具体说明是哪一个。根据谈话的内容，所说的bath(澡堂，浴室)显然是说话双方都知道的，故前面须加定冠词，因此答案选A。 2. (2004重庆) The most important thing about cotton in history is _____part that it played in ______Industrial Revolution( A(不填;不填 B(the;不填 C(the;the D(a;the 【解析】C part意指作用; 由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。 48 3. (2004广东卷) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope(Newton made ____discovery which completely changed _____man‟s understanding of colour( a;不填 B(a;the C(不填;the D(the;a A( 【解析】A牛顿的一次发现，是泛指; man指全人类，故其 前不能用冠词 4. (2004福建卷) It‟s _____world of wonders，____world where anything can happen( A. a;the B. a;a C(the;a D(不填;不填 【解析】B 世界上独一无二的事物前一般用定冠词，但当此 名词带有定语修饰时，前面应用不定冠词 5. (2004湖北) There was _____time ______I hated to go to schoo1. A. a;that B(a;when C(the;that D(the:when 【解析】 B 泛指一段时间; time后跟定语从句 6. (2004辽宁) When you finish reading the book，you will have ____ better understanding 0f ____life. A(a;the B(the;a C(不填;the D(a:不填 49 【解析】 D an understanding of; a knowledge of; a collection of; life泛指生活时，前面不用任何冠词 7((2004浙江卷) The Wilsons live in _____A-shaped house near the coast(It is _____17th century cottage( A(the;, B(an;the C(,;the D(an:a 8((2004江苏卷) Tom owns _____ larger collection of _____books than any other student in our A. the;不填 B(a;不填 C(a;the D(不填:the 【解析】 B “a + 抽象名词 + of”，这样的短语还有:a knowledge of，a waste of，a variety of(a number of，a way of等。 9((全国) When you come here for your holiday next time，don‟t go to _____hotel:I can find you _____bed in my flat( A. the;a B(the;不填 C(a;the D(a;不填 【解析】 find sb(a bed为固定短语，意为为某人安排床铺;go to the hotel或go to a hotel都可以。 10((2004四川) If you buy more than ten，they knock 20 pence off ______( A. a price B(price C(the price D(prices 50 【解析】C the price特指买10个物品所要的价钱，故加the。 11((2004天津) When he left _____college，he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office. A(不填;a B(不填;the C(a;the D(the;the 【解析】当“college，school，hospital”等名词表示一种状态时， 前面不能用冠词修饰;而reporter表示泛指某种身份时，前面加不 定冠词。 12((2004北京) _____on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-Speaking Canadians is ____major concern of the country( A(The:不填 B(The;a C(An;the D(An;不填 【解析】B前者特指目前说英语的加拿大人与说法语的加拿大 人之间的分歧;后者泛指一件全国关心之事 13((2004湖南) For a long time they walked without saying _____word(Jim was the first to break _____silence( A(the:a B(a;the C(a;不填 D(the;不填 【解析】B第一空填表示泛指，意思是“一句话”;第二空特指 前面“没有说一句话而形成的沉默”。 51 14((北京春) On ______news today，there were _____reports of heavy snow in that area( A(the:the B(the;不填 C(不填;不填 D(不填; the 【解析】B news特指reports泛指 15((2004上海春)As a rule，domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid______( A(by the hour B(by hour C(by all hour D(by hours 【解析】 by +the+度量名词:by the day，by the yard;by+范 畴名词:by time，by weight，by length。 16((2003全国) The sign reads “In case of _____fire，break the glass and push ____red button(” A(不填:a B(不填;the C(the;the D(a; a 17((2003上海卷) I earn 10 dollars _____hour as ____supermarket cashier on Saturdays( A. a;an B(the;a C(an;a D(an;the 52 18((2003北京春) There‟s _____dictionary on ______desk by your side( a;the B(a;a C(the;a D(the:the A( 19((2003安徽春) --Where is my blue shirt? --It‟s in the washing machine(You have to wear ______different one( A(any B(the C(a D(0ther 20((2003上海春) An accident happened at _____crossroads a few meters away from _____bank( A(a;a B(不填;a C(不填;the D(the:不填 【解析】at a crossroads“十字路”，crossroads是复数形式单数用法; bank此处是泛指 21((2002全国) Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience( A(不填;the B(不填;an C(an;an D(the, the 【解析】airplane和experience都是可数名词，表示泛指 22((2002上海) One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _____good knowledge of basic word formation( 53 A(, B(the C(a D(one 23((2002京、蒙、皖春) I don‟t like talking on _____telephone;I prefer writing ___letters( A(a;the B(the;不填 C(the;the D(a;不填 【解析】B on the telephone通过电话，on a telephone是指在一 部电话上，类似的还有-"on the radio，on the internet，on TV等。 24(2002上海春) The cakes are delicious(He‟d like to have _____third one because ______second one is rather too small( A(a:a B(the;the C(a;the D(the;a 25((2001全国) The warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______wool used( A(the;the B(the;不填 c(不填;the D(不填; 不填 【解析】 B a,an,the+可数名词单数表示类别或直接用可数 名词复数表示类别(通常指物)，所以sweater前用定冠词表示类别限 定;the sort of wool = the wool。 26((2001上海卷) A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ______leg( 54 A(a B(one C(the D(his 【答案及解析】 C伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound,bite,beat,pat,take +sb+介词+the+部位。译文:子弹击中了战士，他的腿受了伤。 27((2001京、蒙、皖春)Mr. Smith，there‟s a man at _____front door who says he has ______news for you of great importance( A(the;不填 B(the;the C(不填;不填 D(不填;the 【解析】 A第一空是特指;news为不可数的抽象名词，不加冠词。 28((2000全国卷) Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food( A(the;a B(不填;a C(the;the D(不填:the 【解析】a,this,that kind of (those/these kinds of)+零冠词名词，亦可用 “名词复数+ 0f a kind(two kinds)”，两个animals都是表泛指的名词复数，故都不带冠词。of a kind同一类的;of a different kind另一类的。译文:大部分的动物中，一个种群与其他种群之间是没有什么联系的，除非是捕杀它们作为食物。 55 29((2000京、皖春) Summers in _____south of France are for _____most part dry and sunny( ; a B. the; 不填 C(不填; 不填 D(the; the A. 不填 【解析】D “法国南部”和“大部分地区”都是特指，所以要用定 冠词the。 56