吃鸡蛋的学问,你知道吗

吃鸡蛋的学问,你知道吗 鸡蛋的营养价值 随着生活水平的提高～大家越来越关注“富贵病”～于是鸡蛋被很多人认为是导致胆固醇升高的元凶～甚至有的人在吃鸡蛋时～要把蛋黄去掉。 鸡蛋黄中含有胆固醇～但是化验分析明～鸡蛋中的胆固醇与蛋白质结合在一起～可形成一种脂蛋白～按颗粒大小～可分为超低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白。前两种可沉积于血管壁上～后一种却有清除血管壁上胆固醇的作用。所以～鸡蛋中的胆固醇成分本身就可以互相抵消。蛋黄中还含有丰富的卵磷脂～是一种强有力的乳化剂～能使胆固醇和脂肪颗粒变得极细～乳化成为悬浮于血液中的细微粒子～而不沉积于血管壁上～并能顺利通过血管壁被细胞利用～从而减少血液中的胆固醇。其实～各种血管疾病的发生～主要是人体功能障碍所致～造成血液中胆固醇含量增高的原因绝不仅仅是因为每天吃1个鸡蛋黄～而是由于体内胆固醇代谢失调～即胆固醇合成的数量多于分解的数量。人体内的胆固醇不光靠饮食摄入～还有体内合成的～即使食物中完全不含胆固醇～肝脏也会自行合成。 鸡蛋营养非常丰富全面。一个鸡蛋重约50多克～含蛋白质7克、脂肪6克～产生热能82千卡。鸡蛋蛋白质的氨基酸比例很适合人体生理需要～易为人体吸收～利用率高达98,以上～营养价值很高。鸡蛋中钙、 磷、铁和维生素A含量都很高～B族维生素也很丰富～还含有其他多种人体必需的维生素和微量元素～是小儿、老人、产妇以及肝炎、结核、贫血患者、手术后恢复期病人的良好补品。其所含脂肪～呈乳化状态存在于蛋黄中～极易被消化、吸收,其所含的卵磷脂、卵黄素等～对人体神经系统及生长发育有很大补益,其所含的蛋白质质量高超～其中卵白蛋白及卵黄磷蛋白都是蛋白质家族中的上品～卵球蛋白是婴幼儿生长发育的必需品。鸡蛋中的铁、钙～还是造血、长骨的必需品。一个鸡蛋可孵出一只活生生的小鸡就是很好的说明。 细说鸡蛋对人体的益处～可以分为以下几方面: 1,健脑益智鸡蛋黄中的卵磷脂、甘油三酯、胆固醇和卵黄素～对神经系统和身体发育有良好作用～可延缓老年人的智力衰退～改善记忆力。卵磷脂被医学专家视为老年性痴呆的克星。 2,保护肝脏鸡蛋中的蛋白质对肝脏组织损伤有修复作用。蛋黄中的卵磷脂可促进肝细胞的再生～还可提高人体血浆蛋白量～增强机体的代谢功能和免疫功能。 3,防治动脉硬化美国营养学家和医学人员根据蛋黄中卵磷脂的乳化作用～用鸡蛋来防治动脉粥样硬化～获得了出人意料的效果。 4,预防癌症鸡蛋中含有较多的维生素B2～可以分解和氧化人体内的致癌物质。鸡蛋中的微量元素～如硒、锌等也都具有防癌作用。日本学者研究发现～鸡蛋中还含有抗癌物质光黄素和光色素～一个鸡蛋约含光黄素10微克～光黄素和光色素能抑制诱发喉癌和淋巴癌的EB病毒增殖。 5,延缓衰老鸡蛋中几乎含有人体所有需要的营养物质～故被人们称为“理想的营养库”。营养学家称之为“完全蛋白质模式”～坚持适量吃鸡蛋～是不少长寿者延年的经验之一。 但是～鸡蛋中维生素C含量不高～所以吃鸡蛋时最好辅以适量的蔬菜。 我们每天都给孩子吃鸡蛋～但如何科学地食用鸡蛋～可也是一门学问呢: 孩子吃鸡蛋～哪种做法好 鸡蛋的做法很多～有煮鸡蛋～蒸鸡蛋、煎鸡蛋、炒鸡蛋、蒸蛋羹、蛋花汤等。其中～以蒸蛋羹、蛋花汤最适合儿童食用。因为这两种做法即能灭菌～又有使蛋白质松解～极易被儿童消化吸收。 如果吃煮鸡蛋的～应该掌握好煮蛋时间～一般以8分钟-10分钟为宜。若煮得太生～蛋白质没有松解～不易消化吸收。若煮得太老～蛋白质结构由松变得紧密～同样不易被消化吸收。 煎鸡蛋、炒鸡蛋不太适合幼儿食用。因为在做煎鸡蛋和炒鸡蛋时～鸡蛋的表面会被一层油所包围～油的高温往往会使部分蛋白烧焦～使赖氨酸及其它氨基酸受到破坏～失去营养价值。同时～鸡蛋在口腔和胃里不与消化液接触～因此～也不易被孩子消化吸收。 孩子吃鸡蛋一次吃多少 鸡蛋是高蛋白食品～如果食用过多～可导致代谢产物增多。这些代谢产物又大都需经过肾脏处理～而孩子的肾脏功能发育又不够健全～所以排出这些代谢产物的能力有限。这样～蛋白质摄入过多～反而会增加肾脏的负担～容易导致高氮质血症。一般来说～一个孩子每天吃一个鸡蛋比较适宜。 吃蛋白好还是吃蛋黄好 光吃蛋白～不吃蛋黄或光吃蛋黄～不吃蛋白～都不好。正确的吃法应该是吃整个鸡蛋～因为鸡蛋中的主要营养成份是蛋白质。蛋黄与蛋白 相比～蛋白中的蛋白质含量较多～而其它营养成份则是蛋黄中含的更多。因此只吃蛋白就会失去鸡蛋中大部分其它营养。而只吃蛋黄不吃蛋白也不好。因为蛋黄虽然营养含量较高～却含有较多的胆固醇～而蛋白却基本上不含胆固醇。 ?胆石症患者能吃鸡蛋～要讲究烹调方法 在临床医疗工作中～常有胆结石患者诉说不能吃鸡蛋～吃了就发病～并因此而“忌蛋”。 为什么会望“蛋”生畏呢,对于胆石症患者来说～由于胆内结石长期的慢性刺激～加上胆汁流通不畅～胆囊壁逐渐老化增厚～胆囊的收缩功能日渐减弱～患者如果进食高蛋白、高脂肪食物～肠道内分泌大量胆囊收缩素～便强迫已经呈病态的胆囊～超负荷地工作～于是便会出现上腹部饱胀、疼痛、恶心、呕吐、厌油等临床症状。有时胆内结石可随胆囊收缩而移动至狭窄的胆管颈部～阻塞了胆汁的出路以致胆汁淤积～胆内压力增高～诱发胆绞痛和胆囊炎的发生。由此可见～胆石症患者必须限制进食高脂肪、高蛋白质等油腻食物。 但是～限制油腻食物并不等于不能吃鸡蛋～如果改革烹调方法～像炖鸡蛋、鸡蛋汤、清蒸鸡等还是可以吃的。如果胆结石患者少吃一点鸡 蛋～既可满足营养需要～又不会发生胆绞痛～能给胆囊以应有的刺激～及时排泄胆汁～防止胆汁淤积和胆石形成。 ?腹泻病人不宜吃鸡蛋 不少人认为～腹泻病人丢失了大量的营养物质～就采取增加营养滋补身体的方法～大量食用鸡蛋～其实这是不好的。腹泻病人由于体内消化液分泌减少～消化酶的活动下降～体内脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化喝物代谢紊乱～肠道蠕动亢进和固有食物同化功能受影响～小肠对水和营养物质的再吸收功能发生障碍～大量的营养物质经消化道排出体外。这期间～不但起不到滋补身体的作用～反而会进一步导致病情加重。所以～在腹泻期间～病人不宜食用鸡蛋。 ?发烧病人吃鸡蛋如“火上加油” 鸡蛋主要含有卵蛋白和卵球蛋白～是一种完全蛋白质～99.7%能被人体吸收。进食后能产生“额外”的热量～这种“额外”热量可高达30%～发烧的病人,特别是孩子,吃鸡蛋～能使机体内热量增加～热量无法散发～如同“火上加油”～会烧得更厉害。所以～发烧的病人不宜吃鸡蛋～应多饮水和含盐的清凉饮料～多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果～少吃蛋白质含量丰富的食物。待烧退后～再吃无妨。 下面是鸡蛋的妙用: 1、醋蛋液:取新鲜鸡蛋一枚～洗净揩干～加入500毫升优质醋中浸泡一个月。当蛋壳溶解于醋液中之后～取一小汤匙溶液掺入一杯开水～搅拌后服用～每天一杯。长期服用醋蛋液～能使皮肤光滑细腻～扫除面部所有黑斑。 2、蜂蜜蛋白膜:新鲜鸡蛋一枚～蜂蜜一小汤匙～将两者搅和均匀～临睡前用干净软刷子将此膜涂刷在面部～其间可进行按摩～刺激皮肤细胞～促进血液循环。待一段时间风干后～用清水洗净～每周两次为宜。这种面膜还可以用水释稀后搓手～冬季可防治皲裂。 3、杏仁膏:将90克浸去皮有杏仁捣烂如膏～掺入鸡蛋清调匀～每夜涂面～翌日早晨用米泔水洗净。 4、白雪膜:鸡子三枚浸入白酒～密封四五日～用来涂面～能使面黑渐白～皱纹减少。但过敏性皮肤者慎用。 5、蛋黄面膜:用牛奶掺入鸡蛋清～或配用鸡蛋黄调匀～涂面15分钟～对中性皮肤的保养效果尤佳。只须坚持三个月～你的容颜便会焕然一新。 6、蛋壳软膜:做菜时～将蛋壳内的软薄膜粘贴在面部皱纹处以及脸颊、下巴部位～任其风干后再揭下来～用软海绵擦去油性皮肤的死皮,如果是干性皮肤～应涂些植物油再擦去死皮～最后洗净。 7、磨砂膏:为除去面部死皮～打一只鸡蛋加一小匙细盐～用毛巾蘸之在皮肤上来回轻轻擦磨～犹如使用磨砂膏一般。找回美丽～简单而快捷。 8、蜂蜜蛋黄面膜:用蛋黄加入蜂蜜和面粉调成浓浆～均匀涂敷面部～不但能治粉刺～而且可预防秋冬皮肤干燥。如果是油性皮肤～应加 20分钟后以温水洗去。 入一匙柠檬汁混合搅匀～用棉签涂于脸上～15- 埃及艳后是利用鸡蛋美容的～慈禧太后也是利用鸡蛋美容的～你也能利用鸡蛋使自己更加美丽～这抬手可得的机会可不要被你放弃呀: 做饭用鸡蛋的诀窍: 1、不能在铝制品内炒鸡蛋～否则容易使鸡蛋变色。 2、若在炒鸡蛋时～在锅里滴几滴酒～可使炒出的鸡蛋又香又嫩～还没有蛋腥味。 3、一次打较多鸡蛋时稍微撒些盐～不仅可快速搅匀～还省时省力。 、打鸡蛋时～加一点冷水～可使蛋白变得爽口。 4 5、炒鸡蛋时～您家中没有了“葱花”炝锅～可将少许五香粉调入蛋中再炒～一样可以香喷可口。 煮鸡蛋的高深学问 煮鸡蛋也有“学问”,太夸张了吧,小题大作～家家都经常煮鸡 去掉。不是我故弄悬殊～煮鸡蛋容蛋～谁不会呀～对不起～请把“谁” 易～煮好鸡蛋～煮出营养～可是需要真功夫～要不人家怎么叫“大厨”呢～可不是吹出来的～由于人的口味不同～所以吃法不同～人的体质不同～补法也不同～煮鸡蛋有多种多样～关键是吃出营养～吃出健康～吃出文化....有点要跑题哈～言归正传。 一.知己知彼～百战不殆 要想煮好鸡蛋～首先要了解鸡蛋～这样才能一举成功～鸡蛋是分蛋黄～蛋清～蛋壳三层～蛋黄凝固的温度为68`c-71`c,蛋清凝固的温度61`c-64`c。煮鸡蛋时如果火太大～,这个非常重要,～一是鸡蛋容易破裂流失营养～又不卫生。二是在蛋黄外面～凝固温度低的蛋清就会迅速 凝固而且变硬～从而阻碍热量继续向蛋黄内传递～影响凝固温度高的蛋黄凝固～使煮出的鸡蛋清熟而黄不熟～如果煮的时间过长～蛋白质过度变性～鸡蛋就变得很硬～即丢失很多营养～不好吃～又影响消化吸收。 二.正确煮蛋～达到完整 煮鸡蛋是不是经常会爆壳呀～即不好看～又不卫生～弄不好煮成鸡蛋粥～哈哈～很狼狈呦。不要紧再试一下也无妨。 首先把鸡蛋在煮之前放到冷水里泡一会儿～,使其降温渗透收缩,～没时间的赶紧做～有时间的看会儿电视～抽根烟～可别忘了把鸡蛋壳上的脏东西先洗干净了啊～否则可就有好味道了。下面顺序都知道了哈～锅上灶放入鸡蛋～注意啊要加入凉水～用温水热水煮不行吗,不行～这就是诀窍～用也可以～只不过鸡蛋有时不熟有时过老～爆壳率也高～将就吃吧。凉水放入量以没过鸡蛋一公分为准～水中加一点盐～稍微多加一点也可以～开中火或大火～轻轻搅动鸡蛋几分钟～主要是让鸡蛋受热均匀～水沸腾时迅速改为小火～开始计时～这个特别重要也是秘诀～煮鸡蛋的时间长短关系到鸡蛋的质量～口感和营养～后面再慢慢告诉你。鸡蛋煮熟后立刻放到冷水里浸泡～一分钟后将鸡蛋整只轻敲出裂痕～目的是让空气进入蛋壳～可使蛋壳与蛋脱离～继续放入冷水里浸泡约5分钟～即可轻松剥离蛋壳～一个完整的鸡蛋呈现面前。好好欣赏吧。 三.煮出营养～吃出美味 根据营养学家介绍:不同煮沸时间的鸡蛋～在人体内消化时间是有差异的。“3分钟鸡蛋”是微熟鸡蛋～最容易消化～约1小时30分钟,“5分钟鸡蛋”是半熟鸡蛋～在人体内消化约2小时,煮沸时间过长的鸡蛋～人体内消化～要3小时15分钟。因此“5分钟鸡蛋”不仅软嫩～蛋香味浓～而且有益人体营养～使人血脂不上升～对人体好的胆固醇(HDL)反增加10%。从营养学方面看～水煮10分钟以内的鸡蛋～消化率最好～营养成分基本没有损失。 1.什么是“3分钟鸡蛋”“5分钟鸡蛋”:指凉水下锅～水开后计时煮3分钟的鸡蛋和5分钟的鸡蛋～依次类推～不用我多说了。 2.由于每个人的口味不同～可根据自己的爱好选择水煮时间不同的鸡蛋～尽情享受美味:3-4分钟以内起锅的鸡蛋为糖心蛋～就是蛋黄呈液态～只少许凝固～蛋黄可缓慢流出,5-6分钟以内起锅的鸡蛋为沙心蛋～蛋黄呈半凝固状态,7-10分钟以内起锅的鸡蛋为全熟蛋～比较适合卤制。 3.怎么样流口水了吧,告诉你个味道鲜美的卤制鸡蛋秘籍～不过你要耐心学～慢慢练哦～卤汁配制根据你自己喜欢的口味去配吧～我可没有时间啊～关键是怎么煮鸡蛋～老规矩～凉水入锅～水开后开始计时煮 6分20秒-6分30秒～怎么,忽悠是吧～别急～听我仔细说来～因为鸡蛋有大有小～蛋壳有硬有软～灶火有强有弱....没准你煮成什么样呢～实践出真知～需要你下真功夫。什么时候你煮出鸡蛋黄呈胶状态～蛋黄似进水～也就是象“果胶冻”有弹性～不外溢～你就练成了～剥离蛋壳～稍晾～把略带余温的鸡蛋放入卤汁中～腌制一夜或一天～开吃喽～味道好极了。 四.科学吃蛋～健康美丽 鸡蛋的营养比较全面而且均衡～无论蛋清蛋黄都有极高的生理营养价值～利用率达95%以上. 1.从营养学方面～为保证膳食平衡～满足机体需要～防止营养过剩～一般情况下～健康成年人每天吃1-2个,老年人每天吃一个好,脑力劳动者每天吃2个合适,孕产妇～哺乳期女性或身体虚弱者每天可吃2-3个～不宜再多。一般一个星期不超过7个～即每天不超过1个为好～如果你一天吃肉或乳制品～鱼～水果等吃多了～最好别超过1个鸡蛋～防止脂肪和胆固醇超标。 2.对儿童和老年人来说蛋黄营养最高尽量吃～从消化功能讲最适合吃蒸蛋羹和蛋花汤～因为这两种做法使蛋白质松懈～容易吸收消化。千万不能吃不熟的鸡蛋和生鸡蛋～因为生鸡蛋中含有抗酶蛋白和抗生物蛋 白～前者阻碍人体肠胃中的蛋白酶与蛋白质接触～影响蛋白质的消化吸收～后者能与食物中生物素结合～形成人身体无法吸收的物质。这两种有害物质一经蒸煮被破坏～不再影响人体对营养素的吸收～新鲜的生的鸡蛋都含有大量的致病菌.霉菌和寄生虫卵～用开水冲喝鸡蛋.生吃鸡蛋或鸡蛋蒸煮不熟～会导致疾病～甚至威胁生命～禽流感非常可怕呀～一般水煮“5分钟鸡蛋”可杀死所有细菌。 3.最营养的鸡蛋烹饪方法:鸡蛋吃法多种多样～就营养的吸收和消化率来讲～煮蛋为100%～炒蛋为97%～嫩炸98%～老炸81.1%～开水～牛奶冲蛋92.5%～生吃为30%~50%～因此～煮鸡蛋是最佳的吃法～需要注意的是吃鸡蛋时要细嚼慢咽～这样才容易吸收消化～有益健康。千万不要狼吞虎咽哦～造成浪费呦。有句俗语说的好:“浪费是极大地犯罪”。呵呵～是我说的。 4.是不是人人都可以吃鸡蛋～不是的～有些疾病患者是不适宜吃鸡蛋的～要限食～少食～禁食。主要有以下疾病:高烧患者,胆囊病变患者,腹泻患者,冠心病、高脂血症尤其是高胆固醇血症患者,肾功能不全患者,肝硬化血氨升高患者,蛋白质过敏患者,尿毒症患者,皮肤病患者等～为什么呀,问医生～请在医生正确指导下食用。 5.吃鸡蛋忌食其他食物:忌食芹菜---伤元气,忌食鹅肉---伤元气,忌食豆浆---不易消化～丧失营养,忌食消化片---中毒,忌食糖精--- 中毒.... 6..最后要说的是～在日常生活中～以下几种鸡蛋少吃～最好不吃:裂纹蛋.沾壳蛋.散黄蛋.泻黄蛋.血筋蛋.发霉蛋.死胎蛋～臭鸡蛋。这些鸡蛋大部分变性变质～受到细菌和寄生虫的污染～容易食物性中毒～威胁身体健康～造成疾病隐患。 鸡蛋的功效: 由于禽流感和胆固醇的关系～鸡蛋也可能面临下岗,更因受到平民百姓日益严重的“三高”问题株连～鸡蛋的好名声仿佛一夜之间宣告作废。谁是谁非～孰轻孰重,在众多说法中～我们终于忍不住想问:鸡蛋就真的不能吃了吗, 爱上鸡蛋五理由 一个鸡蛋所含的热量相当于半个苹果或半杯牛奶～但营养成分却远远大于它们的总和。何止这些,鸡蛋还有以下五个优点～所以你对鸡蛋的防范之心应该解除吧, 理由1:健脑益智 鸡蛋黄中的卵磷脂被吸收后释放的胆碱可避免智力衰退～并改善记忆力。 理由2:保护肝脏 鸡蛋中的蛋白质对肝脏有修复作用。且蛋黄中的卵磷脂还可促进细胞再生～提高人体血浆蛋白量～增加代谢和免疫功能。 理由3:防止动脉硬化 美国营养学家和医学工作者用鸡蛋来防治动脉粥样硬化～获得了出人意料的惊人效果。 理由4:预防癌症 鸡蛋中的维生素B2可分解和氧化人体内的致癌物。鸡蛋中的硒、锌也具有防癌作用。 理由5:延缓衰老 人们称鸡蛋为“理想的营养库”～原因在于它含有人体中几乎所需 要的所有营养物质。 误区1:常吃会导致胆固醇偏高 不会～因为蛋黄中含有较丰富的卵磷脂～是一种强有力的乳化剂～能使胆固醇和脂肪颗粒变得细腻～顺利通过血管壁而被细胞充分利用～从而减少血液中的胆固醇。而且蛋黄中的卵磷脂被消化后还可释放胆碱～它可以提高脑功能～增强记忆力。 误区2:生吃更有营养 生吃鸡蛋不仅不卫生～易引起细菌感染～而且也不营养。因为生鸡蛋含有抗生物素蛋白～会影响食物中生物素的吸收～导致食欲不振、全身无力、肌肉疼痛等“生物素缺乏症”。另外～生鸡蛋内含有“抗胰蛋白酶”～会破坏人体的消化功能。至于那些经过孵化、但还没有孵出小鸡的“毛鸡蛋”～就更不卫生了。 误区3:产妇多吃鸡蛋好处多 怎么会呢,产妇分娩～体力消耗较大～消化吸收功能减弱～肝脏解毒功能也随之降低。大量食用鸡蛋反倒增加肝、肾的负担～引起消化不良。过多摄入还对人体毒害较大～会出现腹部胀闷、头晕目眩、四肢乏 力、昏迷等症状。一般情况下～产妇每天吃3个左右的鸡蛋就足够了。 误区4:红壳蛋比白壳蛋营养价值高 不会。蛋壳颜色是蛋壳在生殖腔中形成的色素沉积而成。据实验证明～同等条件下喂养的鸡～产下的红壳蛋和白壳蛋所含营养成分完全一致。 误区5:茶叶蛋味美健康 不对。刚煮好的茶叶蛋味香～不假。但实际上～茶叶蛋含酸化物质～与鸡蛋的铁元素结合容易刺激胃肠～以至影响消化。 误区6:“功能鸡蛋”会更好 正确食法应该是缺什么吃什么。市面上富含锌、碘、硒、钙等各种“功能鸡蛋”的问世让世人看花了眼。事实上～并非所有的人都适合食功能鸡蛋。因为并不是每个人都缺功能鸡蛋中所含的营养素。因此～选择功能鸡蛋要有针对性。 聪明吃鸡蛋的方法: 鸡蛋的吃法可谓多种多样～就营养的吸收和消化率来讲～煮蛋为100,～炒蛋为97,～嫩炸为98,～老炸为81,～生吃为40,。由此看来～煮鸡蛋是最佳吃法。 吃法1:煮鸡蛋 关键在于掌握时间～一般8-10分钟为宜。煮的太生或太熟～都不利于蛋白质的吸收。 吃法2:摊鸡蛋 忌用大火。因为温度过高～鸡蛋中的蛋白质会破坏分解～尤其颜色深～炸得焦脆的鸡蛋～营养损失更厉害。但火太小也不行～时间相对长～水分会丢失掉。摊鸡蛋最好用中火。 吃法3:蒸蛋羹 鸡蛋羹是否能蒸好～主要取决于是否搅拌得好。搅拌时～应使空气均匀进入～且时间不能过长。气温在20?以下～时间为5分钟,气温在20?以上～时间应该再短些。搅匀后放入油盐～略搅后再放入蒸锅～蒸出鸡蛋会松软滑嫩。 吃法4:打蛋花 在汤滚之际加入几滴醋～蛋汁入水就成漂亮的蛋花了。 吃法5:炒鸡蛋 炒鸡蛋忌放味精。因为鸡蛋中本身含有谷氨酸和氯化钠～加温后这两种物质会生成新的物质～即谷氨酸钠～它为味精的主要成分。这样鸡蛋本身的鲜味就会被掩盖。 友情提醒:不管怎样做～鸡蛋都要细嚼慢咽～否则会影响吸收和消化。对儿童来说～还是蒸蛋羹、蛋花汤最适合～因为这两种做法极易被儿童吸收。 小贴士 ?如何挑鸡蛋———把蛋拿在手上～轻轻抖动使蛋与蛋相互碰击～细听其声。良质鲜蛋～蛋与蛋相互碰击～声音清脆～手握蛋摇动则无声。 ?蛋壳妙用———将鸡蛋壳洗净打碎～放入铁锅内用文火炒黄,不能炒焦,～然后碾成粉～越细越好。每天服一个鸡蛋壳的量～分2,3次在饭前或饭后用水送服～对十二指肠溃疡和胃痛、胃酸过多的患者～有 止痛、制酸的效果 ?保存窍门———买回来的鸡蛋一定要放在冰箱里储存～这大家都知道。但放的时候要大头朝上～小头在下～这你就恐怕不知道了吧,这样既可防止微生物侵入蛋黄～也有利于保证蛋品质量。 ------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 怎么分辨鸡蛋是否新鲜, 1(视觉鉴别:看蛋壳颜色是否新鲜、清洁～有无破损或异样。新鲜蛋的蛋壳干净～表面有一层胶质薄膜,一层薄薄的白霜,～有光泽。如果蛋壳颜色不正、无光泽、有粪霉～蛋皮有黑点等为陈蛋。一般霉蛋外壳有黑灰斑点,孵过的蛋空头大～蛋壳发黑～蛋内浑浊,臭蛋外壳呈乌色。 双手握蛋如筒形～对着日光或灯光透视～好蛋呈微红色、半透明、蛋黄轮廓清晰。 把鸡蛋放在盛满水的盆里～如果鸡蛋在水中沉下去就是新鲜鸡蛋～浮起来的鸡蛋是坏了。这是因为新鲜的鸡蛋比重比水大～所以放在水里会沉下去。鸡蛋坏了里面的蛋白质会产生氨和硫化氢等气体～蛋壳里有了气体～鸡蛋的比重就比水小了～因而放在水里就会浮起来。 将蛋浸在冷水中～如果蛋是:平躺著～就很新鲜。倾斜在水中～这颗蛋已经放了3~5天了。直立在水中～这颗蛋已有10天之久。浮在水面上～这颗蛋已经变质了。 正常鲜蛋的外皮光滑亮泽～反之～不新鲜的鸡蛋就会发乌。正常鲜蛋的蛋壳清洁完整～没有黑色斑点,打开后蛋黄膜不破裂～蛋白与蛋黄界限分明～颜色鲜艳～无血管形成～蛋白浓稠不会散开～在阳光或灯光下照射～半透明～呈微红色。这类鸡蛋最适于选购食用。而裂纹蛋、硌窝蛋、污壳蛋、散黄蛋均属于次质蛋～但这类鸡蛋多数仍可食用。变质蛋比如泻黄蛋、严重粘壳蛋或严重霉变蛋～在灯光的照射下暗影多、不透明～打开后有霉味或腐臭味～这些变质蛋就不能再食用了。 2(手感鉴别:把蛋放在手掌心上翻转。良质鲜蛋蛋壳粗糙～重量适当,劣质蛋～手掂重量轻～手摸有光滑感。 将鸡蛋放臵平面上～用手指轻轻一转～新鲜蛋转动时～蛋壳里有阻力～转两三周便停下,坏蛋则转得长且快,如蛋转得不快不慢～则证明已不够新鲜。 3(耳听鉴别:就是用手捏几个蛋互相轻轻相碰～良质鲜蛋相互碰击声音清脆～并且用手轻轻晃动没有震荡～也就是蛋黄与蛋白没有分 解。。劣质鲜蛋蛋与蛋相互碰击发出嘎嘎声(孵化蛋)、空空声(水花蛋)～手握蛋摇动时是晃荡声。 好蛋音实,贴壳蛋和臭蛋有瓦碴声,空头蛋有空洞声,裂纹蛋有“啪啪”声。 从敲击蛋壳发出的声音鉴别有无裂损、变质。好蛋轻碰～发出的声音坚实沉稳～好像是碰砖发出的响声,孵过的蛋敲大头时有空声音。将蛋拿到耳边用力摇晃～好蛋声音实而小,空头较大的蛋有空洞的声音,淘汰蛋响声明显,贴皮蛋则似敲瓦渣子声。通过比较可把破蛋、哑蛋、贴皮蛋、空头蛋、水响蛋鉴别出来。 4(鼻嗅鉴别:即用嘴向蛋壳上轻轻哈一口热气～然后用鼻子嗅其气味。良质鲜蛋有轻微的生石灰味。 通过鼻嗅可把有霉气、臭气的霉蛋、坏蛋及被农药等异味污染的蛋分别开来。 同等大小的鸡蛋～用手掂一掂～新鲜的分量较重些。 从颜色上来说～白皮鸡蛋比红皮的好～相比之下蛋黄更大。 很多人购买鸡蛋时会下意识地去摇晃鸡蛋～借此判断是否为散黄蛋～这种方法其实把握性不大～因为再新鲜的鸡蛋在力道较大的摇晃下也会有响动。 怎样保鲜鸡蛋效果好, 1、在鲜蛋上涂上菜油或棉籽油等植物油脂～贮藏其可达30多天。此法适合于气温在25—30~C采用。 2、将无损伤的鲜蛋放入清洁池或虹内～倒入2--3%的石灰水～水面高出蛋面20---25厘米～可保鲜3--4个月。在夏季～池子或虹不要受太阳照晒～保证阴凉通风～还可将蛋放进5%左右的石灰水中浸泡半小时～捞出晾干～也可保鲜2--3个月。 3、把1千克水玻璃(硅酸钠的水溶液)溶于9千克热水中～冷却后倒入盛有鸡蛋的缸里～液面高出蛋面5厘米以上～用牛皮纸紧封缸口。臵 --3个月。 阴凉通风处～夏季可保鲜2 4、在容器底部铺干燥、干净的谷糠～放一层蛋铺一层糠～装满后用牛皮纸封口～存放阴凉通风处～可保鲜数月～如无糠～取松木锯末或草木灰代替亦可～每20天或—个月翻动检查一次. 5、将鸡蛋贮藏在黄豆、赤豆杂粮中～可保鲜较长时间不变质。 6、将鲜鸡蛋埋入干净的干渣中～臵于阴凉干燥处～2--3个月不会变坏。 7、把鸡蛋放在盐里埋起来～可保存较长时间不坏。 8、将鸡蛋用新鲜薄膜或油光纸包起来～放入冰箱保鲜的时间更长。 、用湿布把鸡蛋擦一遍～大头朝上坚着放人冰箱～能保存较长时 9 间。 10、禽蛋不宜与姜、洋葱放在—起～否则很快变质。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.