2011四级备考邮箱拷_免费下载

2011四级备考邮箱拷_免费下载 2011四级备考:高频短语与搭配(6)101. by chance(=accidentally,byaccident偶然 102. for a change换换环境(花样等)103. charge sb. with „控告某人犯有„ 104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of „由„管 105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 106. charge„for 因„索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有„ 107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地108. comment on 评论109. commit oneself to 使自己承担„ commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matterto a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in common (和„)有共同之处,共用.be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和„要好.112. compare„with „ 把„与„比较 113. compare„to„ 把„比作„114. by comparison 比较起来 115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和„比起来 116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨„; complain (抱怨);complement (补充); compliment (恭维)118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从119. conceive of (think of, imagine,consider) 想象,设想120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心[四级语法] 四级名师语法讲义-名词性从句之同位语从句 2011年04月27日17:20 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 六.名词性从句 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、补语从句及同位语从句; 定义:在句子中起名词作用的句子，且在句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、 介词宾语等成分;(1)同位语从句 eg:I know the man, the president of the New Oriental School. 同位语从句:对前面名词的进一步解释; 英语中的简单句:陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。 eg:He is a student.Are you a student?Who is a student? 同位语从句:关系词不再和前面的名词有关系，而是取决于后面的从句; eg:I know the fact. He is a student.I know the fact that he is a student. eg:I have a question. Are you a student? I have a question weather you are a student. I have a question who is a student. ?从句仍然接在名词之后，名词有可能为answer，belief，conceptexplainatio，fact，hope, message, news, promise, prove, question, thought等，后面可以接同位 语从句;形式:名词+从句;连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式; 如果是陈述句，直接加that引导; 一般疑问句:先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if; 特殊疑问句:直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序; eg: The news soon spread the whole school.They had won the game. The news that they had won the game soon spread the whole school. The news that they had won the game came. News came that they had won the game. eg: Information has been issued. More middle school student will be adimited to universities. Information that more middle school student will be adimited to universities has been issued. Information has been issued that more middle school student will be adimited to universities. eg: The question was answered by the family doctor Weather we should send for an specialist. The question weather we should send for an specialist was answered by the family doctor. 同位语从句的形式和定语从句的形式非常相似，两者最大的区别在于同位语从句的功能 在于对前面的名词进行进一步的解释，定语从句的功能在于对前面的名词进行进一步的修饰 和限定;如果关系词为weather，how, what, 一定是同位语从句; 如果名词前的关系词为 when, where, why，若when前面的名词是地点，where前面的名词是时间，why 前面的名词 是原因，那么一定是定语从句;若when, where, why前面不是地点、时间和原因，那么是同 位语从句;如果关系词为which，则通过中文翻译进行区分;若which能翻译成哪一个，则 一定是同位语从句，若不能，则为定语从句; 如果关系词为that，则需要对句子进行成分 来判定;如果that在句子中充当成分，则是定语从句，否则即为同位语从句; eg:The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good. The suggestion that she has given in the meeting is good. 例:The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriouslyabout the nation's moral climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. [四级听力] 2011四六级考试备考:听力课堂笔记(2) 2011年04月27日17:19 来源:新东方在线 考试临近 draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考试延期或取消delay/be off/defer/hold up/postpone/put off / suspend 学校分类public school 公立学private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校 学校中的president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员 doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生 junior 大三学生senior 大四学生 图书馆 借书 lend / borrow / check out参考书 reference book续借 renew 过期 overdue还书 return罚金 fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课 miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金 teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期 2.交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时期traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单Fine 罚 金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机 动车道free way 免费高速公路 [四级阅读] 名师支招四级阅读:逐词对应 巧做细节题 2011年04月27日17:18 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 在最近几次的四级考试当细节题所占比例有所增加，从2006年题型改革之前的40%提高到 50%。我们可以这么说，“得细节题者得天下”。不过非常可惜的是，考生们在细节题部分的 得分率并不理想。其实经过一段时间的复习之后考生们已经能够对一些基本解题思路比较清 楚，也能够形成一套固定的解题流程。比如，解决细节题，首先就是在题干中寻找关键词， 然后将关键词代入文章找到它在原文中的位置，接着仔细分析该句然后找到对应选项。不过， 在多年的教学当中笔者发现，恰巧是最后一步——找到与原文对应的选项成为了绝大多数考 生的拦路虎。广大考生所面临的实际情况是，文章好像也看懂了，重点也找到了，但是四个 选项看起来却是“乱花渐欲迷人眼”让人无所适从——症结所在就是无法找到真正与原文对 应的最佳选项，欠缺应有的甄别能力。这个问题该如何解决呢,这就是今天要向读者朋友们 介绍的方法:逐词对应法。下面笔者将结合一篇四级阅读真题，对此加以说明。 (段落和题目有删节): In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers andadministrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budgetshortage blamed on mismanagement. ‖We’re worried about our teachers and principals,and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,‖ one parent sail. ―If wecan help ease their financial burden, we will. ‖… The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. ―It’s extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,‖ said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. „ At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspape articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed, “said a student. “We wantedto know the truth, and spread that around instead.‖ 28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is _________. A) unavoidable B) unthinkable C) insolvable D) irreversible 29.Why did Coffman request an investigation? A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem. B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case. C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent. D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue. 30.Three high school students started a website in order to__________. A) attract greater public attention to their needs B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations C) expose officials who neglected their duties D) keep people properly informed of the crisis 28题问的是Mike Coffman对预算短缺问题看法。一般考生都可以分析出来此题所针对的是 文章第2段当中Coffman所说的“Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level”(几乎没有人能够想象到会发生程度如此严重的问题)。大概说来Coffman想要强 调的是问题的严重性。不过分析四个选项之后我们发现命题者可谓是颇费心思，所的四 个选项unavoidable (难以避免)、unthinkable(难以设想) 、insolvable(无法解决)还有irreversible(覆水难收)都有“问题严重”这个含义在内，这 就使得不少考生犯难了。而逐词对应这个方法就是要告诫我们抛开对选项和原文的表面化和 简单化的了解，要深入到其中的核心词汇，逐个加以分析。比如28题的四个选项，在经过 纵向比较之后不难发现它们虽然表面意思比较接近但是其中的动词词根的意义差别却相当 巨大，分别为avoid(避免)、think、solve(解决)和reverse(颠倒)。接着我们回看原文， 在Coffman所说的这句话中真正的实义动词就是imagine(想象)。很明显，只有B选项的 think最能够传达原文的意思。 29题问Coffman为什么要求对该地财政状况进行调查。第三段第二句告诉我们he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortageuntil after the November election(他想知道是否有当地官员故意掩盖预算短问题缺，一直拖到11月份选举)。根据逐词对应的思路，我们首先要提炼出原文当中的核心词汇——尤其是实义动词，因为动词牵涉到全句的基本含义，所以实义动词的提取和比较也就是它的精髓所在。原句的实义动词有两部分，首先是主句的“wants to know”，显然D选项的动词stop是无法与之对应的，自然被排除。接着我们又看到原句中的第二个动词hid，在这儿它的意思是掩盖。分析到此相信大家都明白了，能够和它对等的就是B选项中的cover-up。逐词对应避免了对无关或者多余信息的比较，直指核心，确实达到了事半功倍的效果。最后一题在当年的考试当中是得分率最低的一个。但是在使用了逐词对应之后相信 读者们会迅速做出正确判断。 30题针对的是全文最后一句，“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”(我们想要了解事实并将向公众传达)。不难发现这句话中的实义 动词有两个，know和spread。值得注意的是这里的spread是传播的意思。再来看看四个选项的动词部分，A选项是attract，吸引;B选项是appeal to，在本句中的意思是呼吁;C选项是expose，揭露;D选项是动词词组，keep somebody informed，告知、通知某人。既然原文讲到学生门成立网站的目的是要“了解”和“传播”事实，那就是要让大家都知道事实，或者说把事实情况告诉给周围的人，显而易见，D选项成为了不二的选择。 综上所述，逐词对应法主要由两个部分组成。首先是要提取核心词汇——主要是实义动词 ——理解它们在原文和选项中的正确含义;接下来只要找到包含与原文意义一致的选项即可。希望考生朋友们能够仔细体会，帮助自己迅速提高解题正 [四级词汇] 2011四级备考:高频短语与搭配(5) 2011年04月26日17:27 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86. take the floor 起立发言 87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事 。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 89. last but one 倒数第二90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 91. buy sth. for„money 用多少钱买92. be capable of 能够, 有能力be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被„的93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何 94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生„万一in the case of 至于„, 就„而言96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)97. be cautious of 谨防98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在„上99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 [四级语法] 四级名师语法讲义-定语从句 2011年04月26日17:24 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 五、定语从句:eg:I know the girl.The girl comes from Beijing. I know the girl who comes from Beijing. 步骤: 1.找到两个句子中相同的名词; 2.将两个名词中的一个进行替换，若是人，用who替换;若是物，用 which替换;that既可以指人，又可以指物; 3. 将who 或which引导的句子放在相同名词之后; eg:I like reading books.The books were written by O Henry. I like reading books which were written by O Henry. eg:I planted a tree. The tree is taller than the house. The tree which I planted is taller than the house. 1. who/that/which所引导的句子必须放在相同名词之后; eg:The teacher prized the boy.the boy is my neighbor. The boy who the teacher prized is my neighbor. eg:This is the book.You are looking for the book. This is the book which you are looking for. eg:This is the book.You are interested in the book. This is the book which you are interested in. 2. 谓语动词(结构)和后面的介词有两种关系:关系紧密,关系疏远; 关系紧密:谓语结构和介词合成在一起，联系紧密，不可分割，一旦分割意思就会发生 改变; eg:look for, be interested in , look after, look at 定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做 任何位置的改动;如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面; eg: This is the book which you are looking for. This is the book which you are interested in. This is the book in which you are interested . This is the book which you asked for. 3. 关系代词和关系副词:eg:Beijing is the place.I was born in the place. Beijing is the place which I was born in. Beijing is the place in which I was born . 定语从句中，如果介词+which表示地点，则可以用where替换; Beijing is the place where I was born . eg: I can't forget the day. I join the army on the day. I can't forget the day which I join the army on. I can't forget the day on which I join the army . I can't forget the day when I join the army . 判断:This is the mountain village where I visited last year. This is the mountain village in which I visited last year. This is the mountain village which I visited in last year. 正确:This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year. 4. 判断关系代词和关系副词的方法: (1)不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都取决于从句中的谓语动词; 若该谓语动词为及物动词，则一定使用关系代词;若该谓语动词为不及物动词， 且其后没有介词，则一定使用关系副词; eg:I will never forget the days when I worked together with you. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside. (2)通过判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 eg:Is this the museum (that ) you visited a few days ago? the museum:充当visit的宾语 Is this the museum ( in which/where ) the exhibition was held? 关系代词:前面句子里的先行词也要在后面的句子里充当主语或者宾语的成分; 介词+which，恰好表示时间和地点，可以替换成when，where这样的关系副词; 5 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 (1) 非限定性定语从句:先行词(即名词)后有一个逗号; eg: In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers who come from Australia. (限定性定语从句) In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers， who come from Australia. (非限定性定语从句) 限定性定语从句:定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改 变; 非限定性定语从句:定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意 不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义; eg:This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限定性定语从句: ?先行词是前面的整句话; eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is outofour expectation. We will spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, which was decided last year. This is the house, which we bought last month. ? 非限定性定语从句:which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子 前面; eg: Smoking is harmful to our heath, which we know. Smoking is harmful to our heath, as we know. As we know, smoking is harmful to our heath. eg:Alice received an invitation from her boss( ) came as a surprise . A. It B. that C. as D. which (3)that和which的区别: ?什么时候不能用that，只能用which:非限定性定语从句中, 即逗号之后;eg:The tree , that is 400 years old, which is very famous here. ?什么时候不能用 that，只能用which:非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后;介词后面不能用that，只能用which; eg:The tree , that is 400 years old, which is very famous here. We depend on the land, from which we can get our food . in that:因为; (4)什么时候不能用which，只能用that: ? 前面的先行词是不定代词包括all，anything,nothing,the one,much，little等; eg:Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lee has said ? ? 如果先行词中出现了the only, the very等; eg:This is the only way that we can think out. ? 如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级; eg:This is the best film that I have ever seen. ? 如果先行词中即有人，又有物; eg:They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday. 例:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没找到答案). they havn't found solutions/answers to these problems. there are many problems which they havn't found solutions/answers to. 例:(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. Compared with the place in which/where I grew up, 例:(听到他告诉我的消息)，I couldn’t help laughing( Hearing the news which/that he told me, 例:Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while usingthe Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. 当先行词中是the way的时候，后面的连接词可以用that，可以用which和in which，甚至可以不填;[四级听力] 2011四六级考试备考:听力课堂笔记(1) 2011年04月26日17:22 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 短对话部分 短对话听力的一些原则 1 推理原则:一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。 2( 挫折原则:通常要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到，订房间客满等) 3( 男女原则:一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。男生的特征:脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征:爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好 4( 父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习 5. 除了父母教育子女外，家里(包括朋友家，阿姨家等等)发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似 at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。 6( 四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项 短对话十大场景及一般思路 1( 借车:车一般是借不到的 2( 吃:匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派”一般比较好吃 3( 考试:作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜 教授一般比较严厉 选修课较难较多 4( 坐车(飞机、轮船):一般都需要等 5( 事故(灾难):光明原则，一般不会死人 6( 听讲座:题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的 7( 论文:一般需要修改(polish)或重写(rewrite) 8.休闲:男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater 9( 医院:需要预约make an appointment10买票:基本上是买不到的 短对话的常见场景 1.学校场景 课程分类 Optional course 选修课 Required course 必修课 Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课 经常出现的科目或专业 Chinese 中文 English 英语 mathematic 数学 history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学 考试 Final exam 期终考试 middle exam 期中考试 make up 补考 test测验 pop test 事先没有说好的测验 quiz 测验 oral test 口试 [四级阅读] 四级考试阅读主旨题解题技巧实战(27) 2011年04月26日17:06 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 27When we say that Cambridge us a university town, we don’t mean just that it is a town with a university in it. Manchester and Milan have universities , but we don’t call them university towns. A university town is one where there is no lear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs (小酒馆), marketplace and so on, but most of it isuniversity— colleges, faculties(各系部), libraries, clubs and other places for university staff(教职员 工)andstudents. Students fill the shops, cafes, bands, and churches, making these as well part, of the university.The town was there first. Two Roman roads crossed there, and there are signs of building before Roman times (earlier than A.D. 43). Cambridge became a center of learning, and theauthority(权威) of the head of the university was recognized by the king in 1226.With about 8,250 undergraduates and over 2,000 postgraduates, the city is a busy place in “full turn” (全体学生在校上课时). Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars inCambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don’t try to drive through Cambridge duringthe five minutes between lectures. Your bicycle must go through a boiling sea of otherbicycles hurrying in all directions. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term , you know that you are in a university town. What is the title of the passage? A Cambridge --- A University Town B Cambridge ---A Centre of learning C Cambridge with Many Students D Cambridge with a Long History答案:A [四级听力] 新东方四级听力名师课堂讲义-常见语音现象2011年04月25日16:44 来 源:新东方在线 见语音现象及总结性复习 1连读linking :前辅，后元。 辅音+元音 come out Look at that fat man. take it off drop in put on bend over keep on an orange one of us half an hour read it stand up put it on not at all first of all a cup of tea take it easy back in a minute in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in /r/ +元音 far away after all for ever a pair of our own there is there are for example After all, this is our own home. 元音+元音 /u/+/ w/+元音 go on how old go away try again /i/+/j/+元音 How are you? No end Say it again. I am who else We are ... see it try it see off any other we agree May I two o’clock in the afternoon 2失去爆破:前爆破，后辅音。/p/, /b/, /t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ blackboard goodbye football active postcard September October a good girl next time first period stop talking bad cold pocket book keep quiet sit down wet ground next door waste time a great deal hard times quite different take care advice picture in advance red fish lipstick jungle upstairs thanks old friends loud voice we will get there ask them deep snow good jobs short story red stars a bit shy first visit /date get through quite sure just then good student just think considerate bright sky ask them keep silent a smart shirt/blouse cold drink a sweat dream the express train 3浊化:以/s/音开头或重读，后面跟./p/,/t/,/k/,/tr/变成/b/,/d/./g/./dr/ Student, stress, sky, speak, skirt, skip the class, school, street, straight,Spoon, space, spicy, spark, skin 四级听力] 新东方四级听力名师课堂讲义-复合式听写2011年04月24日15:06 来源 复合式听写技巧总结 一(历年出现的单词拼写 Additional architecture artificial average boring dull Tedious cancer coupled crossed describe spoil despite destroyed damage distant Emotionally moody ensure established set up experiences familiar focused concentratehistorical increasingly instruments investigated mysteriousnormal common plain ordinary average general percent perhaps permitted allow popular quality quantity Recommend relatively retirement romantic ruining species successful typical uniform value 容易出错的地方: 1大小写问题:专有名词，句子开头 2单词各音节间的辅音字母注意是否双写。success, process, necessary, recommend. Mysterious Reference investigate considerate Particular ingredients appreciation P he no men on Restaurant col league co-worker 3一个音节之中注意元音的拼写。听写 : Restaurant phenomenon appreciation Ingredients Particular Considerate Reference mysterious 4注意不发音的字母: island, exhausted, isle, comb, climb knife, hour, 5检查词尾的变形 1) 名词:单数，复数，所有格 2) 形容词注意比较级以及以al结尾的形容词。 natural.personal.emotional.artificial.additional, 3) 副词结尾的ly wholly, completely, emotionally. 4)非谓语动词与谓语动词(ed,ing,s)形式，填原型的很少见。 二:句子听写:同义替换写难题 1词汇层面上的同义替换: 1. I’ve got to go over my notes for tomorrow’s mid-term.(study) 2) We’ll have to leave very early.(set off) 3) It looks like he bought out the bookshelf.(bought a lot of books) 4) I’ll have to get my ticket of the flight changed.(switch to) 5) Jane is counting the days to go home for the summer.(is eager to) 6) There’ll be another bus in two or three minutes.(soon) 2句子层面上的同义替换 1)You can use my new car if you drive it carefully. I agree to lend you my new car. 2)The reading list of English course is enormous It’s going to require a lot of reading of the English course. 3)The teacher went over last Friday’s lesson today. The teacher reviewed a previous lesson today. be through with /finish 4)The train is behind the schedule. The train is late. 5)I hate to tell you this, but I can’t seem to find them. The tools I borrowed from you are missing. 6)If I were you, I would turn it into the security office, it’s behind the administration building. Hand in the ring to the security office. 三复合式听写答题顺序及技巧 1听之前:pre – listening 1. 对全文进行全局性预览:尤其是第一句(topic)最后一句(conclusion) 2. 观察空格前后的特殊现象，判断词性，单复数，时态语态 名词的位置判断: A,the----n.之后是名词 介词后面是名词 动词前面是名词 No后面是名词 动词的位置判断 To后面是动词 主语后面是动词 情态动词后面是动词Do/does/did/have not 形容词的位置判断: Be后面是形容词 名词前面是形容词a-----n. 副词的位置判断: 动词后面是副词 听之时:while-listening 原则:精听，速记，以听为主，以记为辅。 2如何速记 1. 省略虚词如:如冠词，助动词等 2. 遇到词组记每个单词首字母如 break down 就记作B D ，但一定要自己看得懂的 3. 长单词记前三个字母 如:sept experience 就记作 exp 4. 符号记忆 如:more than 就记作”>” less than 记作 “<” equal to 记作 “=”等等 5. 混合记忆 就是把上面几种方法混合起来用，还可以夹杂中文字等等 3听之后:after-listening 全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西 1. 检查漏词 a 检查漏掉的:介词(in ,on, at „„)，冠词(a ,an , the)，代词( it , this , that „„ ) 2. 检查错词 3 检查大小写 4. 检查名词单复数，形容词、副词比较级最高级，动词事态，语态 [四级翻译] 认清“翻译”本来面目 做好新四级汉译英 2011年04月23日15:04 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 新四级第六部分:认清“翻译”的本来面目 新四级的考题按六大部分设计，从试卷结构和题型设置来说都已经脱胎换骨，每个部分在原来基础上寻求多种变化，整个试卷在整体上追求题目高密度、题型多样化以及知识点的高含金量。那么如何理解试题第六大部分——新出现的翻译题呢, Part VI Translation 考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，5分钟处理5个句子。四级阶段考生受词汇量和知识结构影响，基本缺乏双语翻译的训练和技巧，所以只是蜻蜓点水般做一些知识点练习，题目并非中高级口译资格证书考试的考生所形容的:“翻译难，难于上青天。”四级试卷上的翻译部分，说其简单无非有三，其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。相比较，考研翻译中的长句英译汉则把考生难得死去活来;其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译，也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境，也谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准，四级程度学生可以manageable。第三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。 以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子，我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点: 87.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________(不管是否加热)。 本句意为:不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。 前半句所给的信息并不重要，考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语，“不管„是否„”即whether„ or „”，很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解，是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意义推断出是water被加热，所以我们采用被动方式，即whether (it is) heated or not，填入部分作让步状语从句，it is可以被省略。 考查重点: 从句知识:尤其让步状语从句，注意复习whether„ or„, though, no matter how等表达的用法。 分词用法:注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。 88.Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 本句意为:他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。 本句中要考虑两个层面，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”，恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中“not only„but„”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。 考查重点: 倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________(与我的相比)。本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。” 翻译时有两个知识点容易出错，首先，“与„相比”考查词组知识，四级程度同学应当掌握“compared with”或者“in comparison with”, 但常有考生把 “compare with”与“compare to”(把„比做)混淆，或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外，“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”，此处不宜写成“my losses”。 考查重点: 词组知识:需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词,副词非常重要。分词形式:在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.本句意为:据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。 显然本句在拿as„as„结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有 “as”,还要有 “half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关于量的as much+n.+as, 因此本句要填入 “half as much money”。 考查重点: 比较结构:本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much(many) as„ 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely__________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.本句意为:相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。 本句再次在词组方面进行考查，“把„归因于„”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点，有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握 “attribute„to„”的拼写和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to „”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义，稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之，需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to attribute their children’s success to”。 考查重点: 动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute„ to„。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to，表示“有助于，对„做出贡献”。 各位读者，如果仔细研究以上样题的考点，不难发现新四级在放弃专门的词汇语法结构题型后，把相关知识点设置到了其它的几种题型中。至少我们未来面对的翻译部分就重点考查了各类词组语法的知识，而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。那么我们辛辛苦苦准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组仍然有用武之地。准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂，我们所说的“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理，熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，才不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。 201011四级备考:高频短语与搭配(2) 2011年04月21日15:29 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 21. act on 奉行,按照„行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt„(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需 要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除„外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) „的可能，留有„的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过.have the advantage of 由于„处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在„之前, 超过„;„„„„„. ahead of time 提前. 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. [四级语法] 四级名师语法讲义-时态之现在完成时2011年04月21日15:28 来源: 4. 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果对现在造成影响。 (1)过去发生的动作发生到现在，刚刚完成; (2)从过去发生的动作，发生到现在，刚刚告一段落，但是后面会继续发生; eg:I have just finished my homework. It has rained for 3 days. 过去时与现在完成时的区别: (1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时 为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 eg:I came to Beijing in 1995. I have stayed in Beijing since 1995. (2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与段的时间状语连用，或无 时间状语; 一般过去时常用时间状语:yesterday, last week，„ago, in1980, in October„(具体时间) 现在完成时常用时间状语:for, since, so far„(长期的段时间) eg:He had dinner with me yesterday. I have played basketball for 3 hours. (3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know;过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等; eg:He got married two years ago. I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 用于现在完成时的句型 (1)It is the first / second time„. that„结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. (2)This is the„ that„结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题 ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 since和for的用法: since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度; eg:I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. for后面多接一段时间，而since后面则接一个时间点，若since后面也出现时间段，则 在时间段后加ago; eg: I have lived here since twenty years ago. 错句:I have worked here since many years. since句型: It is +一段时间+ since从句，since从句要用一般过去时; eg:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. It is three years since I joined the army. [四级听力] 新东方四级听力名师课堂讲义-高频词组 2011年04月21日15:27 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 词组解释高频: Run out of a couple of pick up sb. get over punctual / on time / take off in spite of be around call on sb. visit ,drop in be tired of be sick of/fed up with accompanied by out of print out of work out of breath out of fashion out of sight out of stock out of date look forward to doing expect to do worn out Make:1.make sb do sth/make sb sth.2.make it.2. make an appointment3. make money make one’s lives make the effort make inquiries/inquire /enquir make a mess make a mistake Have:have sb do sth. Get:buy Get on Get through Get overGet down to Get back to Get out of Take:take some books take drugs & medicines take a bus take an exam take five courses take a bath & shower take a vacation take some time to do sth. take over take up take (good) care of take off Break: Break down break in break up break off break out break through 数量词组: Hundreds of thousands of millions of billion 1. a great variety of dozens of all kinds of all sorts of a large quantity of a great deal of [四级阅读] 四级考试阅读主旨题解题技巧实战(24) 2011年04月21日15:26 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 24 Some people think they have an answer to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or―bike‖. In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work everyday. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike fie a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines. For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bicycle riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes –for bicycles only—on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there may be accidents. Bike foe a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes. But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea. Taxi drivers don’t like the idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea—they say if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike. The government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park---the largest open space in New York –is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. Until that happens, the safest place to bicycles may be in the park. The main idea of the passage is to show_________. A the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large city, B bike for a Better City’s answer to the problems of automobiles C a great many bike riders in New York City. D the city government’s decision about bicycle lanes.答案:B [四级词汇] 2011四级备考:高频短语与搭配(1) 2011年04月20日16:00 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。2. be absent from„. 缺席，不在3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引„的注意力(被 动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于„近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富 有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地, 意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地9. in accord with 与„一致 . out of one’s accord with 同„.不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one’s own account1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of „account 有„..重要性. 13. take„into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要, 无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse„of„(=charge„with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 [四级语法] 四级名师语法讲义-时态之一般将来时 2011年04月20日15:59 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 3. 一般将来时 (1)shall/will, shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替; eg:Which paragraph shall I read first, (2)be going to +不定式，表示将来;表示要发生的事情有了预先的、准备或有迹 象表明要发生;eg:What are you going to do tomorrow? What will you do this afternoon? will表示纯粹的将来; (3)be +不定式:表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事; eg:We are to/will discuss the report next Saturday. (4)be about to +不定式:意为马上做某事，后面不可以接时间状语; eg:He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意: (1)一般现在时有时也可表将来; eg:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. ? 趋向性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来，主要用来表 示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 eg:When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. ? 在时间或条件句中，用一般现在时表将来; eg:I'll write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. (2)现在进行时也可表将来:通常用于口语，翻译为打算„„; come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等词可以用进行时表将来; [四级听力] 新东方四级听力名师课堂讲义-多义词 2011年04月20日15:58 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 多义词: Accent: 口音，强调，重音，重音符号 Agent: agency 代理人 经纪人，政府代表，动因。agency Appeal: 求助，诉请，对。。。有吸引力。 The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.(nce3 L41) Apply for : application letter 应用，实施，申请，请求 Ball; 球，舞会 beef ball, chicken ball, Bank 银行， 岸 Blank: 空着的，茫然的，无表情的，fill in --空白 Bear: 熊，承担，忍受 /put up with Tea coffee Break: 休息，暂停，打破 Brief 简短的，简洁的，短暂的，概要，摘要 in summary Glancing at it briefly, the dealer told him that it was worth $50. Cabinet: 橱，柜，内阁 Character: wordy性格，性质，人物，角色，role 汉字 after shock The sense of humor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.(nce3L29) Chef: cook 主要的，首席的，首领，长官 Chief of our city’s police force. (08,12p1) Crash: 碰撞，破产，坠毁，破裂声 broke Draft: 草稿，草图，汇票，起草，草拟，征募 Fine: 好的，罚款，精炼 Gift: 礼物，天赋 talent Yesterday is history, tomorrow is mystery, but today is a gift, that’s why it’s called the present.(Kong fu panda) Iron: 铁，熨斗，熨烫 Kid: Child 小孩，开玩笑joke last: 最后的，持续 Lean : 倾斜，屈伸，靠，倚，瘦的，贫乏的，收益少的 Manual: 用手的，手册，指南 Moderate: 温和的，有节制的，使和缓 Ring: 打电话，戒指，铃声 Sack: suck 包，解雇 ，洗劫，劫掠 rob Spoil:宠坏，溺爱，损坏 you are spoiled Stock : 库存，股票，公债，常用的，常备的。 [四级阅读] 四级考试阅读主旨题解题技巧实战(23) 2011年04月20日15:58 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 23 Imagine life as a game in which you are playing with some five balls in the air. You name them work, family, health, friends and spirit, and you’re keeping all these balls in the air. You understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce back. But the other four balls are made of glass. If you drop one of these, it will be surely marked, broken, damaged or even shattered(粉碎). They will never be the same. You must understand that and strive for balance in your life. How? Don’t undermine (低估) your worth by comparing yourself to others . It is because we are different that each of us is special. Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important. Only you know what is best for you. Don’t take for granted the things closest to your heart. Stick to them as you would to life, for without them, it’s meaningless. Don’t let life one day at a time, you live ALL the days of your life. Don’t run through life so fast that your forget not only where you’ve been, but also where you’re going. Don’t use time or words carelessly. Neither can be regained. Life is not a race, but a journey to be enjoyed each step of the way. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, and today is a gift. That is why we call it---The Present. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? A We should strive for balance in our life. B We should not undermine our worth by comparing ourselves to others C We should not set our goals by what other people consider important. D Words and time will never return once they are gone. 答案:A [四级语法] 四级名师语法讲义-时态之一般过去时 2011年04月19日15:56 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 2. 一般过去时 两种变化形式:在动词后加ed或不规则变化的动词; 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态: 常用时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等; eg:Did you go to Shanghai last week? 补充:used to/be used to (1)used to + do:"过去常常"，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在 eg:Mike used to take a walk. (2)be used to + doing: 对„„已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动 名词; eg:Mike is used to taking a walk. He is used to taking a shower with cold water. (3)be used to do:被用来做„„ eg:Leaves are used to fight enemies in kong fu movies as the weapons. 典型例题 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作 发生在过去，因此应用过去时。 一般过去式和过去完成时的对比: (1)过去完成时:过去的过去; eg:Before I came to Beijing, I had stayed in Shanghai. ? 一个句子里有两个谓语动词，一个发生在前，一个发生在后，发生在前的用一般过 去时，发生在后的用过去完成时; eg:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. ? 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成 时表示"原本„，却未能„" eg:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. We had thought that he would take part in the competition，but he didn't. ? 虚拟语气: 若虚拟的现象与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时; eg:If you had come to my birthday party, you would have seen Yaoming. 虚拟语气中可以用had+过去分词，表示对过去事实的虚拟; [四级听力] 新东方四级听力名师课堂讲义-近音词 2011年04月19日15:55 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 近音词: full----fool cut---cart hut--- heart loose tight ----lose track---truck First---fast tempered Pull push -- pool appeal—a pill bald---board cupboard keyboard marker avoid — award Pass--- career path sleep---steep poor---pour [四级阅读] 四级考试阅读主旨题解题技巧实战(22) 2011年04月19日15:54 来源:新东方在线 【发表评论】 22 It is burning hot in Mali, an island country in Africa, where the highest temperature even reach 55?, while the average temperature of the whole year there maintains (维持) above 45?. But to our great surprise, the tourism (旅游线) there is getting very well. Nearly all the year round the tourists can be seen coming and going. That is because there are a large number of ―In-the-Well Hotels‖ in Mali. It means that first of all, people have dug a thirty-metre-deep well under very hot land surface, then in the wall of the well several empty caves, about two metres high each, are made. In these caves beds are arranged. Obviously, In-the-Well Hotel, not as hot as it is out of the well, remains only about 12~20?. In the cave rooms, tourists can find all the daily necessaries. It not only frees the guests of the country from the hot weather but also gives them a new and fresh experience. So it is appealing(吸引人的) to the tourists coming all parts of the world. The best title for this passage should be ________. A Mali, a Burning Hot Country B Tourism in Mali C The Well Hotel D A way to Develop Tourism答案:C 50