柚子及其柚子皮的功效

柚子及其柚子皮的功效 摘要: 柚子为芸香类植物常绿果树抽树的成熟果实，.清香、酸甜、凉润，营养丰富，药用价值很高，柚子可以有多重用途，所以本论文介绍的是柚子的品种，柚子中含有多种营养物质，每种营养物质都有一些独特的作用，可以达到预防某些疾病、缓解疾病的发生、促进发育等作用。还介绍了柚子皮的妙用，将柚子皮用于日常生活中、工业和食品方面。最后介绍了柚子的发展方面和发展前景，更多地开发柚子的功效，让它的作用发挥到各个方面，以及对未来柚子产业方面的憧憬和期待。 关键词:柚子及柚子皮 功效 发展前景 1. 柚子的简介 柚子是芸香科植物柚的成熟果实，产于我国福建、江西、广东、广西等南方地区。柚子清香、酸甜、凉润，营养丰富，药用价值很高，是人们喜食的名贵水果之一，也是医学界公认的最具食疗效益的水果。它的果实大，单果重1000~2000g,多呈长颈倒卵形，倒卵圆形，果皮多为黄色，光滑、果肉透明黄白或粉红色、柔软多汁、化渣，酸甜味浓(酸甜适度或纯甜)，品质优，多耐贮藏，适宜鲜食。 2. 柚子的品种 2.1沙田柚: 沙田柚(金柚)原产广西容县沙田。沙田柚在国内种植时间最 早最古老，也是中国产量销量最大的柚子品种，位列四大名柚之首。广 西容县人培育沙田柚一向遵循土法，环境、气候、土壤等外界条件非常 纯正，没有人为污染，沙田柚也呈自然生长状态，虽个头不大，味道却 非常可口。树势强健，果实梨行或葫芦形，单果重500,1500克，果肉 脆嫩爽口，白色或虾肉色，风味浓甜，品质上等。软枝型果实较小，梨 形，果汁较多，品质优。该类型成熟期较早，丰产稳产。硬枝型果实较 大，葫芦形，果汁较少，丰产，但较易出现大小年结果。 2.2 江永香柚: 严格意义上说，江永香柚属沙田柚系列，其品种是清朝时从 广西容县引入的沙田柚品种, 江永香柚果实硕大，单果重1公斤,1.5 公斤;果实形似葫芦状或梨形;皮色浅黄，光泽鲜亮;果实顶部正中有 1个铜钱大小的印环，称为"金钱花"。香柚果肉晶莹似玉、汁多脆嫩、 香甜可口、营养丰富，天然富硒，维生素C和可溶性固形物居柚类之冠， 耐贮藏，久贮色香味不变，被视为果中珍品，享有"天然罐头"之美誉。 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 2.3 五布红心柚:红肉蜜柚是福建省农业科学院果树研究所从平和县琯溪蜜 柚园中的芽变株系选育而成的。表现为早熟、果肉为淡紫色，丰产优质。 2.4 玉环文旦柚:原产浙江省玉环县。生长势强，果大，单果重1250~2000 克，最大可达3500克以上，肉质脆嫩，有香气。无核或少核，品质优。 文旦柚有扁圆锥形和高圆锥形两个类型。前者丰产，但裂果较重。后者 果实中心柱小，几乎不裂果。该品种生长势强，丰产性好，果大，色艳， 有香气，无核或少核，品质优。 2.5 琯溪蜜柚:琯溪蜜柚属亚热带常绿小乔木果树，树冠圆头形，树势强， 枝条开张下垂，枝叶茂密，叶片大，长卵圆形，叶经揉后无刺激性味道。 琯溪蜜柚的生长发育需良好的生态条件:年均温21.2oC左右，土壤PH 在4.8,5.5之间，该柚忌荫蔽。适于东南方向、地势平缓的低海拔丘 陵山地种植。琯溪蜜柚果大，1500,2000克，长卵形或梨形;果面淡黄 色，皮薄;果肉质地柔软，汁多化渣，酸甜适中，种子少或无。每100ml 果汁含糖9.17,11.6g，酸0.73,1.0g，维生素C 48.93,51.98mg，可 溶性固形物10.7,11.6g。 3. 柚子的营养价值 3.1营养成分:柚子含有糖类、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素P、胡萝卜素、钾、磷、枸橼酸等。柚皮主要成分有柚皮甙、新橙皮甙等，柚核含有脂肪油、黄柏酮、黄柏内酯等。柚子营养丰富，每100克可食部分，含水分84.8克、蛋白质0.7克、脂肪0.6克、碳水化合物12.2克、热量57千卡、粗纤维0.8克、钙41毫克、磷43毫克、铁0.9毫克、胡萝卜素0.12毫克、硫酸素0.07毫克、核黄素0.02毫克、尼克酸0.5毫克、抗坏血酸41毫克。 3.2 营养分析 3.2.1 柚子中含有高血压患者必需的天然微量元素钾，几乎不含钠，因此是患有心脑血管病及肾脏病患者(如果肾功能不全伴有高钾血症，则严禁食用)最佳的食疗水果; 3.2.2 柚中含有大量的维生素C，能降低血液中的胆固醇; 3.2.3柚子的果胶不仅可降低低密度脂蛋白水平，而且可以减少动脉steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 壁的损坏程度; 3.2.4 柚子还有增强体质的功效，它帮助身体更容易吸收入钙及铁质所含的天然叶酸，对于怀孕中的妇女们，有预防贫血症状发生和促进胎儿发育的功效; 3.2.5 新鲜的柚子肉中含有作用类似于胰岛素的成分铬，能降低血糖; 3.2.6 具有健胃、润肺、补血、清肠、利便等功效，可促进伤口愈合，对败血病等有良好的辅助疗效; 3.2.7由于柚子含有生理活性物质皮甙，所以可降低血液的黏滞度，减少血栓的形成，故而对脑血管疾病，如脑血栓、中风等也有较好的预防作用; 3.2.8鲜柚肉由于含有类似胰岛素的成分，更是糖尿病患者的理想食品; 4.柚子的功效 4.1 柚子皮的妙用 4.1.1 柚子皮煮水治小儿肺炎，将柚子皮晒干，切成大小适中的块，放在锅里同水一起煮，煮的汤给小孩喝下，即可。 4.1.2 柚子皮里面的白瓢浸泡一两天后，可以直接拿来入菜。不仅可以降低菜的脂肪含量，还可以起到化解油腻的作用。 4.1.3柚子皮可以治疗冻疮，将柚子皮晒干后进行熬煮，烧到很浓的时候，取其水热敷在冻伤的地方，如果已冻破，就不能用此方法。这个方法需要长期的坚持，可以促进冻伤的恢复和有效的杜绝来年的重范或减轻。 4.1.4 柚子皮放在冰箱里。可以去除冰箱里面的异味。 4.1.5柚子皮里面的白筋撕掉，放在通风处吹干，再晒干水分。用刺有小孔的袋子装好保存，可以放在衣柜角落或米桶内，防蚊虫 4.1.6自制的柚子皮沐浴液不仅省钱，而且让皮肤远离人工化学物质的伤害，最关键的是有很好的美容功效。 4.1.7 柚皮因为有化痰、止咳的作用，冬天很多人会出现痰多咳嗽的情况，所以可以配川贝，对症治疗。但要注意的是，选用的柚皮要清洁光steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 洁，质地密致，气味芬芳浓郁的，出现破损，发酵的柚皮不能食用。制作出的柚皮川贝膏，对于老年性咳嗽和气喘，以及经常出现口干、手足心热的阴虚体质的都有很好的作用。 4.2柚子肉的功能 4.2.1柚子可以用来制作成柚子茶，是以新鲜的柚子为原料，加入蜂蜜，经过恒温窖藏发酵工艺精制而成。柚子茶采用独特的恒温窖藏发酵工艺不仅保留了新鲜柚子原有的营养，去除了柚子本身具有的苦涩味道，还分解掉了一些不利于人体的成分。由于加入了天然蜂蜜更加增加了人体所需的微量元素。 4.2.2柚子可以用来减肥，比起其他的水果，它属于柑橘类，维生素c的含量丰富，而且纤维含量也很多，易产生饱腹感。然而他的含量却很低，可以和西瓜媲美。它含有丰富的果酸等，能有效的刺激胃肠黏膜，影响营养物质的吸收，从而抑制亢性食欲。且含有特殊氨基酸，能够抑制胰岛素的分泌。从而抑制血糖在肝脏中转化为脂肪。 5.柚子的发展前景 5.1 目前的发展状况:柚类在我国栽培历史悠久，名优品种繁多(其果品在国内 外享有很高的声誉。近年来，柚类发展势头很大。据200年统计，2007年全 世界的柚子总产量为5061023吨，我国的柚子总产量为547000吨，仅次于 美国的1580000吨，位居世界的第二位。 5.2 发展优势:柚子对土壤不严格，只要土层深，排水好，均可栽植。 但以沙壤土质植栽最好。柚子有很多的药用价值、食用价值、工业价值。 值得我们去开发它，让它的作用发挥到极致。 5.3发展方向:在我们国家，柚子除了作为一种水果直接食用为，在其他的 方面对它的开发很少，即使有也不是很成熟。 5.3.1目前市场上已有同类的饮料品种有鲜橙多、农夫果园、汇源果汁、葡萄多、奇异王果、果粒橙，但是柚子茶方面的产品很少见。都知道茶很不符合年轻人的饮用习惯，而饮料又不符合老人的饮用习惯、，所以我们可以将茶和饮料结合起来，推出一些柚子的饮品，适合各个年龄层的人饮用。 5.3.2柠檬苦素是从芸香科植物柑枝叶、柚子类果核中提取的结晶体物steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 质，该物质具有极强的抗癌活性，能抑制化学致癌物的致癌作用。该提取技术方法简单，效率很高，缩短生产周期。所以在一些保健食品或者嗜好食品中，可以多提取该物质加在里面。同时在加工柚子的时候，要保证里面的该物质近少量的损失。 5.3.3 柚子皮中具有精油以及杀菌物质，精油对于内分泌、新陈代谢、泌尿系统、性病、免疫系统、妇科疾病、肌肉、骨骼疾病、皮肤疾病、身体的症状与疾病、神经系统方面的疾病有很不错的疗效，可以将其提取出来制作香味剂、化妆品、沐浴露、杀虫剂等。 6.结束语 柚子的作用还有很多，它不仅在食用和医疗方面有很好的效果，在工业 也有很大的用处。因此，我们应该加快步伐，加大科技的投入增加科技 的含量，应用现代化生物技术，培育出更优良的柚子。发现柚子更多的 作用，打开柚子的市场，使柚子有更广阔的开发前景。 参考文献: [1]张怡，曾邵校，郑宝东.柚子降血脂作用的研究[J].营养学报,2010. [2]齐继成.保健果品-柚子[J].保健食品与健康，2006，(2):44-45. [3]陈秋夏.我国柚类及其研究状况[J].福建果树.2004(4). [4]陈焕镛.中国植物志[M].科学出版社.2009. [5]李嘉瑞,等.果品商品学.中国农业出版社.1995. [6]中科院果树所.中国果树栽培学.农业出版社.1959. [7]李里特.食品原料学(第二版).中国农业出版社.2011.211-212 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should