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欧洲东部、北亚

2017-10-08 36页 doc 466KB 80阅读

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欧洲东部、北亚欧洲东部、北亚 欧洲东部和北亚2.8 ?学习目标 (了解欧洲东部和北亚的位置和范围、主要国家及主要城市、主要区域特征。1 (识记俄罗斯的自然环境特点、主要地形区、气候类型及特点。2 ?图表落实 1(在欧洲东部和北亚图上标注: ()标出经纬度;1 ()用字母标出下列地理事物所在图上的位置:(白令海峡、(波罗的海、(黑海、(里2ABCD 海、(乌拉尔山、(东欧平原、(西西伯利亚平原、(中西伯利亚高原、(东西伯EFGHI 利亚山地、(库页岛、(伏尔加河、(乌拉尔河、(鄂毕河、(叶尼塞河、(勒JKLMNO 系河、(贝...
欧洲东部、北亚
欧洲东部、北亚 欧洲东部和北亚2.8 ?学习目标 (了解欧洲东部和北亚的位置和范围、主要国家及主要城市、主要区域特征。1 (识记俄罗斯的自然环境特点、主要地形区、气候类型及特点。2 ?图落实 1(在欧洲东部和北亚图上标注: ()标出经纬度;1 ()用字母标出下列地理事物所在图上的位置:(白令海峡、(波罗的海、(黑海、(里2ABCD 海、(乌拉尔山、(东欧平原、(西西伯利亚平原、(中西伯利亚高原、(东西伯EFGHI 利亚山地、(库页岛、(伏尔加河、(乌拉尔河、(鄂毕河、(叶尼塞河、(勒JKLMNO 系河、(贝加尔湖;P ()用阴影标出俄罗斯的四大3 工业区,用标出库尔斯克铁? 矿,用标出秋明油田,用标? 出库兹巴斯煤矿,画出第一亚 欧大陆桥的大致走向。 2(读欧洲东部和北亚图,填 注图中序号代表的地理事物: ()国家:?,,,,、?,1 ,,,、?,,,,。 ()河流::,,,,、:2AB ,,,,、,,,,、:CD ,,,,。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. ()海、洋::,,,,、:,,,,、:,,,,、:,,,,、:,,,,。3IHEFG ()城市和港口:甲:,,,,、乙:,,,,、丙:,,,,、丁:,,,,。4 ,读图识记,1(七国;2(亚欧分界线 3(北冰洋、波罗的海、鄂霍茨克海、日本海、里海(世界最大湖泊)、黑海;4(东欧平原、西西伯利亚平原、中西伯利亚高原、东西伯利亚山地、乌拉尔山、高加索山;5(北极圈;6(莫斯科、圣彼得堡、新西伯利亚、符拉迪沃斯托克、摩尔曼斯克、西伯利亚铁路 一、地理位置 地跨两大洲,濒临三大洋。 二、范围 1(欧洲东部:西起波罗的海,东到乌拉尔山,北起北冰洋,南到黑海、大高加索山。面积占欧洲的一半,人口占欧洲人口的1/4。包括立陶宛、拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚、白俄罗斯、摩尔多瓦、乌克兰、俄罗斯。 2(北亚:是指亚洲北部俄罗斯的部分,它西起乌拉尔山,东到太平洋,北起北冰洋南到哈蒙中边界。面积占亚洲的1/4,人口占亚洲的12%,地广人稀。 俄罗斯是地跨欧亚两洲的世界上面积最大的国家,欧洲部分面积小但其政治经济中心都位于此,是传统上的欧洲国家。 三、地形和河流 欧洲西部、欧洲东部和北亚地形分布示意图 1(俄罗斯大部分地区地形比较平坦,平原和高原面积广大。乌拉尔山以西东欧平原,以东Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 依次为西西伯利亚平原、中西伯利亚高原、东西伯利亚山地(以叶尼塞河为界:西部平原,东部高原、山地)。 2(俄罗斯的主要河流有伏尔加河(欧洲最长河流,世界最长内流河,最主要的内河航道。)、自南向北流的三大河(鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河“毕业了”),富水能,封冻期长,不利于航运,有凌汛。贝加尔湖是世界上最深湖泊,里海是世界最大的湖泊。 四、气候 1(俄罗斯大部分地区所处纬度较高,冬季长而寒冷,夏季短而温暖,属温带大陆性气候。温带大陆性气候为主,北部有极地气候,西南端有地中海气候,东部为温带季风气候 2(气候的东西差异:西部受大西洋的影响,气候比较温和。西伯利亚地区受到极地寒冷气流的影响,冬季非常寒冷,且持续时间很长。 思考:?俄罗斯针叶林带的分布不在同一纬度带上;在西部纬度偏高,东部纬度偏低,其原因是什么? 西部受大西洋的影响,气候比同纬度的地区较为温暖,而东部地区受大陆和冬季风的影响,气候寒冷。 ?摩尔曼斯克的纬度比符拉迪沃斯托克高,为什么摩尔曼斯克为不冻港而符拉迪沃斯托克为冻港, 由于北大西洋暖流强大,能达到北冰洋沿岸,受其影响,摩尔曼斯克为不冻港;而符拉迪沃斯托克虽然纬度较低,但地处亚欧大陆的东部,不仅受陆地和冬季风的影响,还受到千岛寒流的影响,因此成为一个冻港。 ?分析俄罗斯国土辽阔,土地资源丰富,但是土地却不能充分利用的原因 俄罗斯大部分地区气候寒冷,且冷的时间很长,加之东部广大地区多山地、沼泽、冻土,因而土地得不到充分利用。俄罗斯自然条件最不利的因素是气候寒冷。西西伯利亚地势低平,排水困难,沼泽广布。这是开发西西伯利亚平原首先遇到的困难。 ?造成西伯利亚北部冬季气候十分寒冷的原因 俄罗斯西伯利亚冬季气候十分寒冷,有连续七八个月的月均温在0?以下。在最冷的1月份,大部分地区月平均气温低达—30?,—40?;,北部的奥伊米亚康曾达到—71?的低温,因而有“北半球的寒极”之称。这是由以下原因造成: ?位于高纬地区,大部分地方在60ºN以北,太阳高度角小,接受太阳光照和热量少,因而气温低。 ?地处亚洲大陆最北部,加上西北部低、东南部高的地势,使得西伯利亚北部受北冰洋的影响 3 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 很大,全年受极地气团控制,造成气候严寒。尤其是冬季,气候有更加寒冷、干燥、少雪、少云、日光微弱的特征。 ?东部、南部地势较高,有一系列山地成为天然屏障,阻挡了太平洋暖热气流的深入,更加重了西伯利亚北部冬季寒冷的程度。 ?西伯利亚北部的一些地方,如奥伊米亚康和维尔霍扬斯克等,均位于封闭的盆地中,本身积累的冷空气就很多,又有从山上滑下的新鲜冷空气的补充,使这里成为酷寒之地,成为“北半球的寒极”所在地。 【例1】2002年12月4日,莫斯科市长卢日科夫建议俄罗斯联邦政府重新启动“北水南调”工程:修建一条大运河,将俄罗斯的鄂毕河河水南引,直抵中亚的阿姆河与锡尔河,与之共同汇入咸海。读图,回答下列问题。 (1)图中,,,,(填代号) 为鄂毕河。该河流量丰富,但航 运价值不大,原因是,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,。 (2)图中,,,,(填代号) 为咸海。俄罗斯将鄂毕河河水引 入咸海的原因之一是咸海面积 在不断缩小。试分析咸海面积缩 小的主要原因,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,。 (3)我国的“南水北调”工程,是从长江引水。与长江相比,鄂毕河,,,,(选择填空)。 A(径流量更小B(水能资源更丰富C(河流含沙量更小D(流经地区人口密度更大 (4)图中A为,,,,港。该港口地处北极圈以内,但终年不冻,原因是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,。 【例2】根据图中信息回答下列问题。 (1)请比较图中所示区域东部与西部气温差异及形成的主要原因。 区域 气温差异 形成的主要原因 东部 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 西部 (2)图中所示区域类似这种气温分布规律的自然地理要素或事象还有哪些?清列举两例。 五、人口和经济 1(俄罗斯领土广大,自然资源极为丰富,是世界上资源能够自给的少数几个国家之一。 (1)主要油田有:里海沿岸油田、第二巴库油田、秋明油田。 (2)天然气资源丰富,储量占世界首位。 (3)主要煤田有:库兹巴斯等。 (4)森林资源丰富,俄罗斯有世界最大的针叶林分布区。 (5)水能资源丰富。 (6)主要铁矿有:库尔斯克等。 (7)有色金属矿丰富。 ,注意,中日关于俄石油管线走向的争夺问题 2(以重工业为主的工业 (1)主要工业部门:钢铁工业、机械工业和化学工业等,特别是核工业和宇航工业在世界上占重要地位。 (2)主要工业区,工业由欧洲部分向亚洲部分发展。 以莫斯科为中心的工业区和以圣彼得堡为中心的工业区,主要以机械、化学和多种轻工业为主。它们不是依靠丰富的自然资源发展起来的工业区,而是依靠其原有的工业基础和技术、便利的海陆运输条件以及广阔的市场发展起来的。 乌拉尔工业区,以钢铁工业和机械工业为主。 新西伯利亚工业区,以重工业和军事工业为主。 俄罗斯主要工业区的比较 工业区 主要工业部门 工业中心 发展条件 莫斯科一圣彼得堡工业区 机械、化学、多种轻莫斯科、圣彼得堡 原料、燃料大部分从 工业 外地 运入 乌拉尔工业区 钢铁、机械工业 叶卡捷琳堡 有色金意矿,附近有 煤、铁、石油资源 新西伯利亚工业区 重工业、军事工业 新西伯利亚 煤、有色金属等丰富 (3)俄罗斯工业生产和工业布局的特点 ?原有工业基础较好。苏联解体后,俄罗斯继承了其大部分的重工业和军事工业,因而经济实力仍然较强。 ?工业部门齐全,以重工业为主。钢铁、机械、化学、核工业、宇航等工业是俄罗斯的主要工业部门,与人民生活关系密切的轻工业发展较缓慢。 ?工业布局以“煤铁复合体型”为主。俄罗斯各种自然资源丰富,为工业的发展提供了雄厚的特 5 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 质基础,在这些资源丰富地区形成了工业区和工业中心。 ?工业分布不平衡,有向东扩散的趋势。俄罗斯的工业区主要在其领土的欧洲部分,而乌拉尔山以东地区的资源储量要占全国总量的80,以上,但开采利用较少,近几十年来,随其欧洲部分自然资源的枯竭和工业区的“过度饱和”加快了其东部地区的开发,工业重心有向东移的趋势。 思考:俄罗斯工业兴建的条件和地区分布与日本有什么不同, 俄罗斯工业兴建的条件是丰富的自然资源,其分布与资源的分布一致;而日本工业的兴建的条件是依靠其便利的海运,进口原料、出口产品而发展起来的,所以工业的分布主要集中在沿海地区。 【例3】读“俄罗斯工农业区与部分矿产分布图”,解答下列问题。 (1)图中数码?和?代表的油田中,,,,,代表的是秋明油田。图中字母代表的工业区中,A工业区临近的海是,,,,海,B、C、D、E工业区中,代表乌拉尔工业区的是,,,,,代表新西伯利亚工业区的是,,,,。 (2)根据俄罗斯工业分布由集中趋向分散的特点,图中工业区除A外,四个工业区的建立由早到晚的排列是,,,,。 (3)五大工业区中,D工业区钢铁工业的布局因素主要是接近,,,,;目前各大工业区加强生产联系的主要方式是靠,,,,运输来实现的。 3(不稳定的农业 俄罗斯大部分地区气候寒冷,农业生产主要集中在南部地区,而南部地区降水量少,且极不稳定(年际变化大),其周期性干旱,对农业生产威胁很大,是造成粮食生产不稳定的直接原因之一。 思考:俄罗斯是世界上面积最大的国家,却需大量进口粮食,而面积较小的法国却是世界主要粮食出口国。为什么? 从纬度位置看:法国大部分位于50ºN以南,俄罗斯大部分位于50ºN以北,法国的光热条件优于俄罗斯,更有利于粮食作物的生长。 从海陆位置看:法国距大西洋近,受北大西洋暖流影响,降水较多;俄罗斯北临北冰洋,受极地气团控制,降水较少。可见,法国的水分条件优于俄罗斯,更有利于粮食作物的生长。 从气候条件上看:法国气候温暖湿润,俄罗斯则温带大陆性气候强,冬季长而寒冷,夏季短而温暖,寒潮、冻害频繁,生长期短,粮食的产量低且不稳。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 从地形、土壤条件上看:法国地形以平原、丘陵为主,土壤肥沃,耕地面积广,利于粮食作物的生长;俄罗斯的耕地面积虽更广阔,但大部分纬度位置较高,气温低,生长期短,冻土广布,不利于粮食作物的生长。 从机械化、现代化程度上看:两国农业生产的机械化程度都很高,但法国的农业现代化程度更高,单位面积的产量高于俄罗斯。 因此,法国能成为世界的主要粮食出口国之一,而俄罗斯却需大量进口粮食。 4(以铁路为主的交通 在俄罗斯的货物运输中,铁路的运量和周转量所占比重最高,水运比重最低,造成以上特征的原因主要有以下几个方面: ?铁路运输:俄罗斯国土辽阔,是形成以铁路运输为主的运输体系的基础。 第一条欧亚大陆桥(西伯利亚大铁路):莫斯科—伊尔库茨克(贝加尔湖南)—符拉迪沃斯托克 第二条欧亚大陆桥:东桥头堡是我国的连云港和日照。西行穿越哈萨克斯坦等中亚地区,经俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、乌克兰、波兰、德国等欧洲国家,抵达大西洋东岸荷兰的鹿特丹 ?水运:俄罗斯海岸线漫长,但大部分临北冰洋,气候寒冷,封冻期长,影响海运的发展。从内河航运看,除了伏尔加河外,其它河流的航运价值很低。 【例4】(2008年高考上海卷)读俄罗斯地理简图及地形剖面图,回答问题。 俄罗斯地处中高纬度地区,东西跨11个时区,是世界上面积最大的国家。 7 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. (1)在俄罗斯地形剖面示意图上,字母A、B代表的地形区名称分别是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;字母C、D代表的地形区名称分别是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,。据此判断,俄罗斯地形的东西分界线是,,,,河。 (2)以乌拉尔山脉为界,俄罗斯西部地区气候类型以,,,,,,,,气候为主,东部地区则以,,,,,,,,气候为主。影响俄罗斯农业发展的自然因素主要是,,,,,,,,资源不足,粮食作物以,,,,,,,,为主。 (3)俄罗斯东部自然资源十分丰富。储量居世界前列的资源,除了水资源、森林资源外,还有多种能源资源,它们是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,等。最大的,,,,,,,,,,,,油田也位于该地区。 (4)俄罗斯国内交通运输以铁路为主,河运不占主要地位,分析其原因。 七、东部地区的开发。 【例5】读“俄罗斯两大经济地带的划分示意图”、“俄罗斯两大经济地带的基本经济指标”,完成下列: 俄罗斯两大经济地带的基本经济指标(,) 经济面积 人口 工业农业科技能源矿产森林淡水水力农业地带 产值 产值 力量 资源 资源 资源 资源 资源 用地 东部 75 21 20 20 5 90 70 80 94 95 10 西部 25 79 80 80 95 10 30 20 6 5 90 资源来源:[俄]俄罗斯统计年鉴1999。 (1)说出俄罗斯东部经济地带与西部经济地带之间分界线的名称。 (2)俄罗斯西部经济带的人口密度约为东部经济地带人口密度的倍,分析俄罗斯东部经济地带人口稀少的主要自然原因。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 (3)俄罗斯的货流以煤、石油、天然气、木材、建材和粮食为主。根据俄罗斯的国情,其运输量最大的两种运输方式应为 和。 (4)与一些欧洲国家相比,俄罗斯的对外贸易在国民经济中的地位并不突出,为什么? (5)形成西伯利亚地区大面积沼泽的原因有哪些? 热点追踪 2007年8月2日,俄罗斯科考队员在4000多米深的北冰洋洋底插上一面钛合金制造的俄罗斯国旗。再次向世界表明了俄罗斯对北极宣誓主权之心。不到一个星期,美国加拿大和丹麦纷纷”出招”,为本国在北极的利益寻找新的证据。 特别注意以下问题: 北极地区的重要战略位置和交通位置(开辟北极空中航线的意义)、北极地区丰富的石油天然气资源等的分布;北冰洋的特点。 【例6】(2008年福州市二次质量检查)下图是“北极地区海陆分布略图”。读图完成下列各题。 (1)简要分析图中A地所处的自然带在该大陆东岸明显地向低纬度方向延伸的原因。 (2)图中北极圈内最重要的港口是( ) A(?B(? C(?D(? 该港口的最突出特点是,,,,。 (3)亚洲北冰洋沿岸大陆架宽广,最宽处达1600多千米,试分析其原因。 (4)2007年8月2日,俄罗斯小型潜水艇“和平1号”抵达北极点附近4261米深的北冰洋海底并将一面钛合金制造的俄罗斯国旗插在上面,一场“主权争夺战”’就此在这片冰冷的极地地区拉开了帷幕。请从经济、交通、军事等方面简要分析极地地区主权之争的价值所在。 9 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. A级双基过关 一、选择题 1(位于东欧平原上的欧洲国家有( ) A(摩尔多瓦B(波兰 C(芬兰 D(哈萨克 2(下列河流,属于大的地形单元分界线的有( ) A(伏尔加河B(叶尼塞河C(鄂毕河D(密西西比河 3((2006年高考上海卷)俄罗斯东部地区有许多大河,但河运价值不高,其主要原因是()?河流结冰期较长?河流流向与主要货流方向不一致?河流沿岸人烟稀少,无城市?内河航运量小,运费高 A(?? B(?? C(?? D(?? 4(下列关于俄罗斯的自然资源表述正确的是( ) A(许多资源的储量和产量在世界名列第一 B(库尔斯克铁矿和库兹巴斯煤矿是位于莫斯科附近的大型煤矿 C(俄罗斯主要油田有秋明油田,位于东西伯利亚地区 D(石油、天然气、煤、森林、水能、铁矿、有色金属产量居世界前列 5(关于俄罗斯工业的叙述,正确的是( ) A(以重工业和轻二亡业为主 B(主要工业区都在欧洲部分 C(轻工业发达 D(面临着重工业、军用工业发达,轻工业、民用工业相对迟缓的问题 二、综合题 6(读俄罗斯地形略图,回答下列问题。 (1)图中叶尼塞河以东是,,,,高原。乌拉尔山脉以东是,,,,平原,该平原上用图例标注的油田叫,,,,油田,煤田叫,,,,煤田。 (2)图中A是首都,,,,,B是港口,,,,,C是港口,,,,。 (3)俄罗斯西伯利亚地区三大河流为何自南向北流, Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 (4)世界上大多数河流两岸及下游平原都是重要的农业区,但这三大河流的下游却几乎没有农田,为什么? (5)每年3,4月,当三条河流的上游地区日平均气温上升到0?C时,三条河流都会发生河水泛滥,河流丙岸形成大片沼泽地,为什么河水不全部流入北冰洋呢, (6)形成西伯利亚地区大面积沼泽地的原因有多种,除河水泛滥外,还可能有什么原因, 7(读俄罗斯工农业区与部分矿产分布图,回答下列问题。 (1)图中数码?和?代表的油田中,,,,,代表的是秋明油田。图中字母代表的工业区中,A工业区临近的海是,,,,海,B、C、D、E工业区中,代表乌拉尔工业区的是,,,,,代表新西伯利亚工业区的是,,,,。 (2)根据俄罗斯工业分布由集中趋向分散的特点,图中工业区除A外,四个工业区的建立有早到晚的排列是,,,,,,,,,,,,。 (3)五大工业区中,D工业区的钢铁工业的布局因素主要是接近,,,,;目前各大工业区加强生产联系的主要方式是靠,,,,运输来实现的。 B级能力跃迁 一、选择题 1(俄罗斯海岸线虽然漫长,但大部分航运价值不高。下列关于这一一特点的成因分析中,错误的是( ) A(东部沿岸经济欠发达 B(北部沿岸冰封期长,无不冻港 C(西部海岸线较短 D(最大港口通往大西洋需经它国海域 俄罗斯东部地区地大物博,俄政府一直重视对东部地区的开发。据此回答2,3题。 2(下列措施和东部开发无关的是( ) A(修筑到纳霍德卡港的输油管道 B(修筑西伯利亚大铁路和贝阿铁路 C(重视西伯利亚地区的石油开发 D(建设北水南调工程 3(与中国的西部大开发相比,俄罗斯东部开发最大的不利条件是( ) 11 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. A(矿产资源不足B(地形以山地高原为主C(水资源短缺D(气候寒冷 读下图,回答4,5题。 4(甲地形区的名称是( ) A(波德平原 B(西西伯利亚平原 C(中西伯利亚高原D(东欧平原 5(与MN线属于同一经线圈的经线所经过的附近地方,以下地理事物可能出现的有( ) A(火地岛 B(长城站 C(阿拉斯加半岛 D(圣海伦斯火山 二、综合题 6(读俄罗斯交通运输业的部门结构图,回答下列问题。 (1)俄罗斯的交通运输方式中,货运量最多的两种运输方式是,,,,和,,,,;客运量最多的运输方式是,,,,和,,,,两种。 (2)俄罗斯的管道主要运送,,,,和,,,,两种货物,用管道运送这两类货物的优点是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,、 (3)俄罗斯的铁路分布各地区差异大,地区铁路网疏,有亚欧大陆桥称呼的铁路是,,,,,,,,铁路。 (4)俄罗斯海运运输量不大,其自然原因是,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;俄罗斯著名的三大海港是濒临波罗的海的,,,,、濒临北冰洋的,,,,、濒临太平洋的,,,,。 7((2008年扬州七校联考)2005年8月,中俄科学家对贝加尔湖进行了综合科学考察,这是迄今为止两国规模最大的联合科学考察活动。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 (1)据图说明贝加尔湖的成因。 (2)结合科学知识说明图中A河流形成凌汛现象的自然条件。 (3)简要分析图中B城市近年发展迅速的原因。 8((2008年全国名校4月模拟卷)读俄罗斯铁路交通和工业分布图,回答问题。 (1)描述俄罗斯铁路分布的特点,并简要说明其原因。 (2)与日本相比,俄罗斯工业的分布特点是什么,简述其原因。 (3)俄罗斯东部地带能源、矿产、森林、水力资源丰富,但工农业产值很低,试简述其原因。 (4)与一些欧洲国家相比,俄罗斯的对外贸易在国民经济中的地位并不突出,从地理角度分析其原因。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office spe13 cial bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 【】 【图标落实】 2.(1)俄罗斯 乌克兰 白俄罗斯 (2)叶尼塞河 勒拿河 伏尔加河 乌拉尔河 (3)太平洋 北冰洋 里海 黑海 波罗的海 (4)莫斯科 摩尔曼斯克 符拉迪沃斯托克 圣彼得堡 【例1】 (1)?冬季严寒,结冰期长 (2)?自然原因:深居内陆,降水稀少,蒸发旺盛;人为原因:大量引水灌溉,使阿姆河和锡尔河近乎枯竭,大多数年份都无水到达咸海。 (3)AC(4)摩尔曼斯克受北大西洋暖流的影响 【例2】(1) 区域 气温差异 形成的主要原因 东部 西部气温比东部高 地势高(山地为主);北极寒冷气流受山地阻挡而集聚; 深居内陆,受海陆热力差异影响,冬季降温幅度大等 西部 地处西风带,受大西洋暖湿气流的影响(气候的大陆 性较东部弱);地势低平(平原地形、地形向大西洋敞 开)等 (2)气温年较差;河流的结冰期;1月海平面气压等。 【例3】(1)?波罗的海CD(2)B?C?D?E (3)原燃料产地铁路 【例4】(1)东欧平原、西西伯利亚平原中西伯利亚高原、东西伯利亚山地叶尼塞 (2)温带大陆性亚寒带针叶林光热小麦(3)石油、天然气、煤、水力秋明 (4)俄罗斯领土东西绵长,工业重心在欧洲部分,而矿产、能源等自然资源主要分布在亚洲部分,国内运输主要货运流向为东西向。(河流虽多,但结冰期长,且多为南北流向,与东西货运流向不一致。 【例5】(1)乌拉尔山 乌拉尔河(2)11俄罗斯东部经济地带人口稀少的主要自然原因有:?寒冷的气候:俄罗斯远东区地处中高纬地区,北临北冰洋,气候十分寒冷,是北半球的寒冷中心,冻土分布十分广泛?崎岖的地形:俄罗斯的远东区主要位于中西伯利亚高原和东西伯利亚山地上,地表崎岖不平,森林广布(3)管道铁路(4)俄罗斯地大物博,自然资源的自给程度很高;俄罗斯有一个完整的国民经济部门体系和深厚的国内市场(合理可酌情给分)(5)凌汛现象引起河水泛滥;地下有永久性冻土,水分不容易下渗;纬度高,气温低,蒸发量小。 【例6】(1)沿岸有拉布拉多寒流经过,降温减湿。 (2)B不冻港 (3)?亚洲北冰洋沿岸多低平的冲积平原,地势低平和缓,沿海海底地形也相当平缓;?长期以来,该地区地壳运动和缓,地质构造变动不大。 (4)?经济价值:北冰洋大陆架宽广,海底蕴减有丰富的石油、天然气等矿产资源,是未来经济发展的一大资源宝库,随着全球气候变暖,北冰洋的冰块正在加速融化,这为将来在该地区进行能源勘探开发提供了可能。?交通价值:随着北极地区气温上升,北冰洋海冰消融和航海技术的不断进步,北冰洋一旦通航,便可成为北美洲、北欧地区和东北亚国家之间最快捷的通道。?军事价值:北冰洋为亚、欧、北美三大洲的顶点,拥有联系三大洲的最短大弧航线,Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高二地理 世界地理 是美俄两国核潜艇和远程轰炸机攻击对方最快捷通道。 A级双基过关 1(A 2(B 3(B 4(D 5(D 6((1)中西伯利亚西西伯利亚秋明库兹巴斯 (2)莫斯科圣彼得堡海参崴 (3)西伯利亚地区地势是南高北低,所以三条河流自南向北流 (4)一方面由于气候寒冷,生长期短,农作物无法生长,另一方面河流两岸及下游地区广布沼泽,无法进行耕作 (5)因为河流人海口纬度高,气温低,上游化冻时,人海口河面仍封冻,河水流动不畅 (6)气温低,蒸发弱,地下有永久性冻土层,水分不易下渗;没有水库蓄水 7((1)?波罗的CD (2)B—C—D—E (3)原料产地铁路 B级能力跃迁 1(B 2(D 3(D 4(D 5(D 6((1)铁路管道铁路公路 ()石油天然气石油不会外流,天然气不会挥发,安全可靠,可以昼夜不停地运输,运输量2 很大,管理方便,运输成本低 ()亚洲部分西伯利亚大 3 ()纬度较高,冬季严寒漫长,大部分港口封冻期很长圣彼得堡摩尔曼斯克符拉迪沃斯托克4 (或答海参崴也可以) 7((1)地壳断裂下陷(断层中的地堑),积水形成的构造湖 ()该河流纬度较高,有冰期;自较低纬度流向较高纬度2 ()地处中俄边界,地理位置优越;有铁路经过,交通便利;国家3 政策的大力支持;中俄两国经济互补性强,边境贸易活动频繁;近年中俄关系的改善,为该 城市发展带来新契机(答到个方面即可)3 (()俄罗斯铁路主要为东西走向,且分布在国土南部。原因:俄罗斯国土东西跨度大,且81 北部气候寒冷,冻土、沼泽广布,人口稀少;南部气候较温暖、城镇较多,运输量较大 ()特点:分布在内陆。原因:接近原料、燃料产地,矿产资源丰富2 ()气温低,不适合农作物生长,人口少,工业城市少,多数资源运往西部大城市3 ()原因:自然资源种类齐全,储量丰富,自给率高;工农业产品进口额较低;国内市场大4 15 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU.
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