排球运动的特点

排球运动的特点 排球运动的特点: 1、广泛的群众性:排球场地设备简单～比赛规则容易掌握。既可在球场上比赛和训练～亦可以在一般空地上活动～运动量可大可小～适合于不同年龄、不同性别、不同体质、不同训练程度的人。 2、技术的全面性:规则规定～每个队员都要进行位臵轮转～既要到前排扣球与拦网～又要轮到后排防守与接应。要求每个队员都要进行队员必须全面地掌握各项技术～能在各个位臵上比赛。 3、高度的技巧性:规则规定～比赛中球不能落地～不得持球、连击。击球时间的短暂～击球空间的多变～决定了排球的高度技巧性。 4、激烈的对抗性:排球比赛中～双方的攻防转换始终是在激烈的对抗中进行。高水平比赛中～对抗的焦点在网上的扣拦上。在一场比赛中～夺取一分往往需要经过六、七个回合的交锋。水平超高的比赛～对抗争夺也越激烈。 5、攻防技术的两重性:排球是多种技术都可以得分～也能失分的项目～这种情况在决胜局比赛中更加突出～所以说每项技术都具有攻防的两重性～因此～要求技术既要有攻击性～又要有准确性。 6、严密的集体性:排球比赛是集体比赛项目～除发球coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 外～都是在集体配合中进行的。没有严密的集体配合～再好的个人技术也难以发挥～更无法发挥战术的作用。水平越高的队～集体配合就越严密。 一、 攻守平衡已成为现实 在排球发展过程中～攻强守弱的状态已持续了很长时间～国际排联为了扭转这种局面～对排球规则作了几次重大修改。如:每球得分制的使用～自由人的出现～发球区的扩大～允许身体任何部位击球等～必将会进一步促使排球技战术的创新～充实排球运动的内涵～丰富排球运动的表现形式。排球技战术的不断丰富和发展与排球竞赛规则的不断修改和完善是互为因果的。在这里必须重视两个带有规律性的问:一是除发球和扣探头球外～排球的一切进攻都是从接球和防守开始～没有良好的接球和防守作基础～一切进攻无从实现,二是每球得分制要求运动员的攻防技术更加全面～准确和有效～进攻与防守互相依存、互相制约～规则的修改不能改变排球比赛的这一基本规律。 纵观世界排球技战术的发展历程～可以看出～进攻与防守对抗始终贯穿于排球运动发展的整个过程。例如:扣球技术的产生导致了拦网的出现,勾手飘球技术的发明～刺激了垫球技术的发展,网前跑动换位、交叉coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 重叠掩护等快攻战术的运用～与此相对抗出现了重叠、换位等拦网战术,拦网技术的提高～推动了后排进攻战术的运用～进攻与防守战术的相互对抗又相互联系～相互制约又相互促进是排球运动技战术发展的主要动力。进攻技战术的提高带动了防守技战术的进步～而防守技战术的加强～又反过来促进进攻技战术的发展～形成了排球技战术发展螺旋式递进的特征。 二、 技、战术向全面、高度、快速、多变方向发展 排球运动带有规律性问题是要求运动员技术全面～能攻能守～进攻上既能强攻又能快攻～既能前排攻又能后排攻～前后排融为一体。根据运动员不同特长～有效地组合不同的战术～使战术组合更具个性化～发挥整体优势。 随着运动员身高和弹跳力的不断增长～后排扣球技术的应用日益普遍～成为当今高水平排球比赛的主要进攻手段。高快结合～前后排结合～进攻向着立体、全面型方向发展。运动员凭借身高、弹跳力强～爆发力好、力量大和挥臂速度快等优势～跳发球技术被大量运用～采用跳发平飘～跳发侧旋、下旋～轻发落点等多样化跳发球技术～以达到先发制人～争取主动的目的。发球技术正向着发球高点、大力、快速方向发展。coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 四号位平拉开结合二、三号位的跑动进攻战术～降低后攻的弧度～增加反攻的进攻点等等都是为了争取时间～夺得空间～加快进攻的速度～突破对方拦网。速度在不断加快～采用的手法是降低弧度～增快传出球的速度等。 世界男排各队的集体配合战术更加丰富～战术有新的发展～四号位平拉开～三号位远网快球～远网短平快被普遍采用。重视集体配合和快攻战术～技术全面、攻守兼备、快速灵活～自身失误少。一攻水平高～防守能力强的队代表着当今世界排球的最高水平。过去日本女排的勾飘和垫球～中国女排的背飞～波兰男排的后攻～日本男排的短平快球～美国男排的两人接发球～确实在夺冠中发挥了作用～但依靠的是整体攻防的技术实力。实践证明:技术不全面～就不能保证战术的组织与变化,排球运动的全面内涵是在全攻全守基础上突出自己特长～各单项技术的运用从较单调打法向多样化、更全面的方向发展。当今排坛世界各强队在注重高度和速度的同时～每名运动员的技术是否全面～全队的串连技术是否合理、娴熟等等成为一支球队成熟与否的标志。攻守不平衡～就无法夺取比赛的主动权,没有高度～必然削弱网上扣拦抗争的实力,个人没有特长～队也必然没有特点,没有集体配合～coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 也就谈不上更好地发挥个人的特长,不必要的失误～就会不攻自破,没有拼搏精神和勇猛顽强的战斗作风～就缺少取得胜利的可靠保证等。 经过100多年的发展与变革～排球战术体系的构建和发展经历了“点—线—面—体”的演变过程～对战术的运用趋向合理～简练和实效。国际排球运动的发展已经进入一个新的时期～在发展速度～提高力量～增加变化～全面发展～有所特长的基础上向更高层次～更高水平迈进～具体表现在力量、速度、高度和技巧紧密结合～攻守技术全面～战术风格独特～队有特点～人有特长～身体素质好～心理素质高～在技术、战术、身体、心理层次全面发展～是当代排球运动发展趋势。全面、高度、快速、多变将在更高层次上不断深化和发展。 三、 排球运动的职业化、商业化、大众化 20世纪90年代以来～竞技排球朝着职业化、商业化和大众化的方向发展。职业化是排球运动的发展趋势～高额奖金促使比赛更加精彩～而紧张激烈的对抗更能吸引观众～又能创造更大的经济效益。意大利率先推行职业化和俱乐部～法国、德国、比利时、荷兰、瑞典等国家职业排球的开展也十分活跃。职业化和俱coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 乐部制度吸引了大批优秀选手投身竞技排球～大大提高了排球比赛的激烈精彩程度～提高了排球运动的吸引力。传播媒体的介入～促使排球运动商业化趋势日益加强～沙滩排球比赛职业化、商业化就是率先走向市场的范例。娱乐排球的盛行～使排球运动发展成为世界上最主要的运动项目之一。排球运动的竞赛形式越来越多样化～大众化趋势日益明显。 四、 排球教学、训练向多学科综合运用和更加科学化方向发展 随着我国素质教育的进一步实施～排球课程教学与改革将逐渐成为一项重要的研究内容。利用电影、电视录像和计算机CAI等媒体技术手段～可以动态地模拟排球技战术的时空状态和连续变化过程～提高直观教学效果。现代排球教学的一个显著特征是多媒体技术手段应用于教学实践。随着排球教学实践的发展～排球教学研究范围也在扩展。对课内与课外排球活动一体化的研究,对排球教学内容的选择,手段与方法的更新,考核与评价标准的制定等方面的探讨,不断引进现代教学理论与方法,程序、发现等教学模式的推广与应用～必将推动排球教学改革的深入。 排球运动科学研究不仅涉及到医学、生物化学、生物coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 力学、心理学等自然科学的领域～也涉及到哲学、经济学、教育学、史学等社会科学的领域～这些多学科、多侧面的研究为排球运动的科学研究开辟了新的领域～为进一步加深对排球运动规律的认识提供了工具～对排球运动科学的认识将更加深入广泛。 纵观排球运动的发展历程～从观念的转变～理论的形成～技战术的创新～训练手段的改进～教学方法的改革～竞赛规则的修改等。排球运动研究内容的覆盖面不断扩大～研究领域不断拓宽、研究层次不断提高。随着排球运动实践的发展～排球技术战术的创新、科学地控制排球运动训练过程和制定科学定量的评价标准。排球运动员生理、生化特点、心理训练、排球技术的生物力学分析～排球运动员的选材及其训练～体能训练、比赛的营养与恢复、计算机在排球教学训练和比赛中的应用等方面的研究将进一步深入。 五、 排球运动科研与实践的结合日益紧密 科研直接为排球教学训练和比赛实践服务～是排球运动科学研究活动的一个显著特点和发展方向～也是促进排球运动科学研究发展的过程,从方法论来看～科研人员越来越多地从文献研究、思辨研究～走向实证研究～正在从不同层面上去关注学校、关注课堂～关coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 注运动训练实践～提高研究的实际应用价值,从科研的功用来看～越来越多的排球科研人员不再满足于排球教学训练的一般抽象理论论述～开始更多地追求排球运动研究成果的推广应用～促进排球教学训练的改革与发展。 六、 排球运动科研方法和手段不断丰富和发展 排球运动科研的发展和水平的不断提高～是与科研的方法和技术手段的不断进步、丰富和发展分不开的。现代科技研究的成果越来越多地引入到排球运动领域中～20世纪70年代末～美国女排将计算机技术引入临场指挥和技术分析～日本队采用三维摄影分析扣球技术等。80年代以来～便携式计算机、录像和无线电通讯等高科技设施进一步渗透到排球教学、训练和比赛中～使排球教学训练更加科学化。随着相关学科科研成果向排球科研领域的不断渗透和现代科技的应用～排球运动科研的方法和技术也有了长足的发展。它主要表现在:十分重视有效吸收和移植其他学科的研究方法～在具体运用多种研究方法时～则表现出极强的综合性～综合运用多种研究方法是排球运动科学研究发展的重要趋势。 综上所述～现代排球运动科研从过去重点研究竞技排coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 球逐步转向竞技排球与娱乐排球并重方向发展～大众排球研究日益受到重视,在研究方式上～多学科综合研究不断加强～强调同一对象进行多学科同步综合测试～观察和研究,在研究方法上～从定性描述转向定性与定量相结合～力求做到多样化与统一,在研究手段上～从手工操作日益转向现代化～如测试仪器自动化、电脑化、遥控化、轻便化,在研究思路上～重视吸取现代科学思想～重视借鉴现代科技理论和科技成果,在研究主体上～已从专家独立作战逐步转向专家与教师结合研究。 展望21世纪世界排球运动发展的态势～世界排球运动正处在一个多强纷争的阶段。正如张然教授指出:“21世纪初叶世界排球的大势～可谓女排优势在美洲～男排潜力藏欧洲～危机隐伏在亚洲,女排强队较少～男排劲旅林立～并向多极化的趋势发展。” 一、赛前准备:第一裁判主持抽签～首先选择发球权、球区。 二、比赛开始过程与停止:第一裁判员鸣哨后～在各自场区端线站好～再鸣哨时按原定位臵,比赛前填写的位臵表,站好。 三、得分: coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, A、一方发球后队方接球失误、犯规或球落到对方场内～即发球方得分～继续发球, B、如发球队员发球违例或发出界外则对方得分～换发球。 四、暂停、换人: 每局比赛中各队均有2次暂停～6人次换人机会。,成死球时可要求) 1、暂停:每局比赛中各队均有2次暂停,正规比赛每8分一次技术暂停。 2、换人: A、主力队员只能退出比赛一次～同一局中他再次上场比赛时～只能回到该局替换他的队员位臵。 B、替补队员每局只能上场比赛一次～可以替换任何一个主力队员～同一局只能由被他替换下场的队员来替换。 ***注:比赛开始上场的队员为主力队员～其它队员为替补队员。 正面双手垫球的动作规格与要领 1、垫球的准备姿势 比赛中应根据不同情况采用相应的准备姿势。初学垫球时～由于是垫击一般的轻球～故可采取一般准备姿coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 势。上体稍前倾～两脚开立～两脚间的距离稍宽于肩～两臂微屈臵于腹前～两肘稍内收～两眼注视来球。 2、击球手型、击球点和击球部位 垫击手型 目前常用的方法有两种 叠指法两手手指上下相叠～两拇指对齐平行相靠压在上面一手的中指第二指节上～掌根紧靠～两臂伸直相夹。注意手掌部分不能相叠 。 包拳法两手抱拳互握～两拇指平行放于上面～两掌根和两小臂外旋紧靠～手腕下压～使前臂形成一个垫击平面 击球点、击球部位 正面双手垫球的击球点～一般应尽量保持在腹前约一臂距离的位臵。用腕上10厘米左右的两小臂挠骨内侧所构成平面击球 3、垫球的动作要领 插及时移动取位～降低重心～两臂前伸插至球下～使两前臂的垫击面对准来球～并初步取好手臂的角度。 夹是指两手掌根紧靠～手臂夹紧～手腕下压～用平整而稳定的击球面去迎击球。 全讯网|www.049.cc 提由下肢蹬地～提肩、顶肘、压腕的动作去迎击来球～coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 身体重心要随球前移～两臂在全身协调动作的配合下 伴送球。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave,