自学英语国家概况历年试题[整理]

自学英语国家概况历年试[整理] 2012年7月英语国家概况自考 I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 1 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. 1. Which of the following is NOT a geographical name of Britain? A. The United Kingdom B. Great Britain C. England D. The British Isles 2. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly _____ years. A. 600 B. 500 C. 400 D. 200 3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Alfred? A. Alfred the Great started the English navy. B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal system. D. Alfred the Great imposed a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons. 4. After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of the _____, a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament. A. Commonwealth B. Constitutional Monarchy C. English colonial expansion D. Hereditary Monarchy 5. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of _____. A. the House of Lords B. the King C. the Grand Council D. the House of Commons 6. _____, a dramatist and poet, is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. A. Charles Dickens B. Christopher Marlowe C. William Shakespeare D. Charlotte Bronte 7. After the Restoration, British Parliament passed a series of severe laws called the Clarendon Code against the _____, now known as Nonconformists. A. Christians B. Protestants C. Puritans D. Catholics 8. Elizabeth I reigned England, Wales and Ireland for _____ years and remained single. A. 25 B. 30 C. 40 D. 45 9. After the Wars of the Roses the rule of _____ began. A. the Plantagenet B. the Yorkists C. the Stuarts D. the Tudors 10. _____ was the forerunner of the Conservative Party. A. The Liberal Party B. The Whigs C. The Tories D. The Labor Party 11. The First World War was fought between two European power blocs: the “Central Powers” and the “Allies”. The “Allies” include the following EXCEPT _____. A. Britain B. France C. Russia D. Austria-Hungary 12. In 1982, the Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _____. A. Argentina B. Brazil C. Peru D. Chile 13. Which of the following about UK’s monarchy is NOT true? A. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. B. There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. C. Today the Queen holds the real power in UK. D. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once. 14. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seat in the House of Commons becomes _____. A. the official Opposition B. the leading party C. the predominant party D. the “shadow cabinet” 15. The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at _____ in London. A. Westminster Abbey B. Canterbury Abbey C. York Abbey D. Northanger Abbey 16. The _____ is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. A. British Constitution B. American Constitution C. Commonwealth law D. European Community law 17. There is no Ministry of Justice in the United Kingdom. General responsibility lies with the following EXCEPT _____. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Home Secretary C. the Attorney General D. the Prime Minister 18. _____ provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. It has become available in Britain since 1948. A. The Social Security Benefits B. The National Health Service C. The Civil Service D. The National Insurance Fund 19. In summer there are open-air theatres, including one in London’s Regent’s Park, where _____ are performed. A. William Shakespeare’s plays B. Christopher Marlowe’s plays C. Ben Johnson’s plays D. George Bernard Shaw’s plays 20. Snooker is thought to have been invented by _____ A. Sir Winston Churchill B. Sir Neville Chamberlain C. Sir Charlie Chamberlain D. Sir John Churchill 21. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is_____. A. the Indians B. the Japanese C. the Chinese D. the Blacks 22. The place where Christopher Columbus landed was _____ . A. India B. the islands in Asia C. the current territory of America D. the islands in the now West Indies 23. The great international influence of _____is that the colonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule. A. the American Civil War B. the Vietnam War C. the American War of Independence D. the Korean War 24.In the early 1850s with the Westward Movement, the _____ issue became a serious political issue because it might tip the balance of power in the Senate. A. slavery B. immigration C. territory D. Indian 25. Which of the following is NOT the main cause for the American government to declare war on Germany in the World War I? A. Germany refused to give up its submarine warfare. B. Germany tried to get Mexico into the war against the United States. C. Germany promised Mexico the return of lost territory of Texas. D. Japan launched the bombing of the Pearl Harbor. 26. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _____as their next president who promised a “new deal” to get America out of the depression. A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin D. Roosevelt C. Woodrow Wilson D. Herbert C. Hoover 27. In the Second World War American diplomacy largely was American diplomacy towards _____. A. Germany and Italy B. Germany and Japan C. Britain and the Soviet Union D. Britain and France 28. The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is_____. A. to prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet Union B. to support any country which said it was fighting against Communism C. to help Western Europe recover from the Great Depression D. to prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion 29. _____ was a full-scale, anti-Communist hysteria in the United States in the1950s. A. Free Speech Movement B. The Progressive Movement C. The Civil Rights Movement D. McCarthyism 30. Which war turned out to be the longest war the U.S. fought? A. The Korean War B. The World War II C. The World War I D. The Vietnam War 31. After the Vietnam War, the contradiction between Congress and the Executive resulted in the passage of ______. A. the Smith Act B. the War Power Act C. the Civil Rights Act D. the Voting Rights Act 32. On April 30 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in ______ which housed the first American government. A. New York B. Washington C. Philadelphia D. Boston 33. The American policy towards the Soviet Union after the Second World War was ______ . A. cooperation B. neutrality C. containment D. impartiality 34. The writers of the Constitution worked out ______ in order to prevent the government from misusing its power. A. the Declaration of Independence B. the Bill of Rights C. the “winner-take-all” system D. checks and balances 35. The presidential term in the U.S. is four years beginning on ______. A. November 20 B. November 12 C. January 12 D. January 20 36. On Independence Day, some people bring their children to visit the birth place of the nation——________ A. Washington D.C. B. New York City C. Philadelphia D. Boston 37. According to the U.S News & World Report and other journals’ evaluation, ______on the west coast are the best research universities. A. Harvard and Yale B. Princeton and Columbia C. California and MIT D. Stanford and Berkley 38. _____ is the largest single source of goods imported by the United States. A. Canada B. Australia C. Asia D. Latin America 39. Theodore Dreiser was the literary representative of American ______ . A. Romanticists B. Transcendentalists C. Modernists D. Naturalists 40. _____was the first American writer who gained international fame. A. Washington Irving B. Benjamin Franklin C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Mark Twain 41. The most significant feature of Irish landscape is ______. A. lakes B. bogs C. low ridges D. rivers 42. Who was the first English king to bring all Ireland under English control? A. Henry II B. Henry III C. Henry VIII D. James II 43. From east to west ten provinces and two territories in Canada can be divided into ______ geographical regions. A. four B. five C. six D. seven 44. Which of the following is NOT one of the Prairie Provinces in Canada? A. Manitoba B. British Columbia C. Saskatchewan D. Alberta 45. It was _____ who established the first French settlement in Quebec City in 1608. A. Henry Hudson B. John Cabot C. Jacques Cartier D. Samuel de Champlain 46. Although Australia has a large area, _____ of the continent is hot and dry. A. one third B. two thirds C. half D. more than half 47. _____ is famous for its art festival. A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Adelaide D. Brisbane 48. Which of the following states in Australia is known as the garden state? A. Queensland B. New South Wales C. Tasmania D. Victoria 49. The first European to visit New Zealand was ______. A. Abel Tasman B. Captain James Cook C. Christopher Columbus D. Amerigo Vespucci 50. The _______ is a national symbol in New Zealand. A. kiwi B. native owl C. tuatara D. lizard II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish? 52. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England? 53. What is the main function of the House of Lords? 54. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the United States? 55. What is Emerson’s view of man and nature? 56. What kind of system is the American economy based on? 57. Why did the population of Ireland decrease from the 1840s until about 1970? 58. What are the two most important provinces in Canada? 59. Which is Australia’s largest lake? 60. What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and to be often windy? III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. Domesday Book 62. Thatcherism 63. “Great Compromise” of 1787 64. Halloween 2012年4月(全国)英语国家概况自考试题 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. About a hundred years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had colonies in ______. A. Europe, Africa and Asia B. Australia, Africa and Europe C. Asia, Africa and North America D. Europe, Africa and North America 2. The ______ tribes are ancestors of the highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh. A. Danish B. Celtic C. Anglo-Saxon D. Viking 3. Which of the following statements about Roman Britain is true? A. The Romans remained in control of Britain for over 500 years. B. The Romans never treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. C. During the four centuries, Romans and Britons had a lot of intermarriages. D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. 4. Under ______, the feudal system in England was completely established. A. Edward I B. Henry II C. King Alfred D. William the Conqueror 5. _______ was, above all, responsible for the religious reform of the Church in the 16th century. A. Henry VII B. Henry VIII C. Edward IV D. Edward VI 6. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth I’s ______. A. sister B. daughter C. cousin D. half-sister 7. The English Renaissance was largely ______. A. literary B. political C. religious D. philosophical 8. Loosely speaking, ______ opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. A. the Whigs B. the Tories C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons 9. Which of the following statements about World War II is true? A. Britain lost about 250,000 lives during the war. B. Britain became a powerful empire after the war. C. Britain only devoted part of its entire strength to the war. D. Britain suffered far more military casualties in World War II than in World War I. 10. The Industrial Revolution refers to the ______ and the consequent changes in social and economic organizations in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. A. urbanization of Britain B. reformation of the Church C. mechanization of industry D. mechanization of agriculture 11. The oldest institution of government in the U.K. is ______, which goes back to at least the 9th century. A. the Monarchy B. the Parliament C. the Privy Council D. the Metropolitan Police 12. The maximum duration of a Parliament in the U.K. is ______. A. two years B. four years C. five years D. six years 13. The husband of Queen Elizabeth II is ______. A. Prince Andrew B. Prince Philip C. Prince Charles D. Prince William 14. The Lords Temporal in Britain’s House of Lords consists of all the following EXCEPT _____. A. life peers B. hereditary peers C. Lords of appeal of “law lords” D. the Archbishops of Canterbury and York 15. The House of Commons in the U.K. had its first woman speaker in ______. A. 1990 B. 1991 C. 1992 D. 1993 16. In England and Wales, lay magistrates (“justice of the peace” or JPs) are appointed by ______. A. the Monarch B. the Parliament C. the Prime Minister D. the Lord Chancellor 17. The ______ is the largest single employer of labor in the U.K. A. British Airways B. British Petroleum C. National Health Service D. British Telecommunications 18. _____ was founded in 1969, and began its first course in 1970. A. Glasgow University B. Aberdeen University C. The Open University D. St Andrews University 19.______ is the most typical English sport in England. A. Golf B. Cricket C. Tennis D. Football 20. ______ is a contemporary British musical composer. A. David Hare B. Tom Stoppard C. Harold Pinter D. Lloyd Webber 21. The United States of America, with a population of 255.5 million in 1992, was the ______ most populous country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 22. Statistically ______ have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years. A. Arizona, Nevada and Florida B. California, Nevada and Florida C. Arizona, New Jersey and Nevada D. Arizona, New Mexico and Florida 23. The war at ______ in Northern New York proved to be a great turning point of the War of Independence. A. Lexington B. Concord C. Yorktown D. Saratoga 24. The Federalist Papers written under the name of Publius were co-authored by ______. A. Alexander Hamilton, John Locke and John Jay . B. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay C. Andrew Jackson, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson 25. The American expansionist movement produced a theory called ______. A. New Frontier B. New Darwinism C. Manifest Destiny D. Roosevelt Corollary 26. Which of the following statements is NOT considered the valid reason for the disappearance of black slavery in the American North in the early 1800s? A. The price of slaves was too high. B. Slavery was simply illegal in the North. C. The Africans could not stand cold winters in the North. D. As the North turned toward industry, mechanics and not farmhands were needed. 27. In the political area, the Progressive Movement demanded ______. A. the banning of child labor B. improve living conditions C. industrial accident insurance D. reforming the city and state governments 28. The 19th Amendment of voting right for women was adopted during the ______ Administration. A. J.F.Kennedy’s B. Woodrow Wilson’s C. Franklin Roosevelt’s D. Theodore Roosevelt’s 29. As a result of the Great Depression, many people lost their land and other properties because of ______. A. bankruptcy B. foreclosure C. speculation D. profiteering 30. The aim of measures in the New Deal, as President Roosevelt put it, was to _______. A. “save American democracy” B. “regulate and reform the banking system” C. “strengthen government intervention in business” D. “raise the role of labor in the relations of production” 31. The first summit between the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain during World War II was held in ______ in November 1943. A. Yalta B. Cairo C. Tehran D. Potsdam 32. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by U.S. President ______ on March 12, 1949. A, Hoover B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. Eisenhower 33. Since 1945 the United States entered a 25-year economic boom, and the cornerstones were the ______. A. automobile, housing and shipping B. farming, housing and defense industries C. automobile, housing and defense industries D. automobile, shipping and defense industries 34. ______ turned out to be the longest war the United States ever fought (1950-1975) as a result of its policy of containment of Communism. A. The Civil War B. The Korean War C. The Vietnam War D. World War II 35. Which statement about the Watergate Scandal is NOT true? A. After the scandal American disillusions grew. B. Nixon was the second president to resign in U.S. history. C. Nixon finally handed over the complete tapes, which would condemn him. D. By the early 1980s far fewer Americans still clung to the belief that their system was the most powerful. 36. The U.S. President can veto any bill passed by Congress unless overridden by ______ vote in each house. A. one-third B. two-thirds C. two-fifths D. three-fourths 37. When a bill emerges from the Senate and the House, it is usually referred to a ______ composed of equal number of members from each house to resolve the differences. A. revenue committee B. standing committee C. permanent committee D. conference committee 38. The fourth party period began with ______ and lasted till the ______ with the Democratic Party dominant. A. Jimmy Carter, 1990s B. Herbert Hoover, 1920s C. Franklin Roosevelt, 1980s D. Theodore Roosevelt, 1900s 39. Which statement about American education is NOT true? A. Elementary and secondary education is free and noncompulsory. B. There are more public elementary and secondary schools than private ones. C. Public schools are financially supported and governed by states or communities. D. Public and private schools refer to the way in which these institutions are funded and controlled. 40. In his masterpiece Leaves of Grass, ______ praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity and the self-reliant spirit of the common man. A- T. S. Eliot B. Mark Twain C. Walt Whitman D. Emily Dickson 41. Ireland kept out of World War II _______. A. to declare itself a republic B. to make a new constitution C. to vote itself out of the Commonwealth D. to demonstrate its continued displeasure with the British 42. The most popular religious belief in Ireland is ______. A. Methodism B. Christianity C. Catholicism D. Protestantism 43. In Canada, it is difficult to do farming in Atlantic provinces because _______. A. the region is too hilly B. dairying is more popular than farming C. the weather is too extreme in those provinces D. the growing season is short and the soil is poor 44. The Inuit and Indians in northern Canada ______. A. have stopped hunting B. have moved from tents to houses in towns C. have experienced much change in their life styles D. have totally got used to the non-native Canadian way of life 45. As a result of World War II, Canada ______. A. established the Canadian Navy B. experienced a rapid growth in its territory C. increased the control over its foreign relations D. found its place among the nations of the world 46. Established in 1788, ______ is the oldest state of Australia. A. Victoria B. Queensland C. South Australia D. New South Wales 47. Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is world famous for its ______. A. agriculture B. arts festival C. shipbuilding D. valuable minerals 48. Taupo is ______ in New Zealand. A. the biggest lake B. the longest river C. the largest plain D. the highest mountain 49. Most animals in New Zealand are ______. A. native to the land B. brought from England C. introduced from North America only D. ill adapted to New Zealand conditions 50. According to the Treaty of Waitangi, ______ is entitled to make laws in New Zealand. A. the Maori people B. the British settlers C. the Queen of England D. the New Zealand government II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. Was the religious reform of Elizabeth I radical? 52. Who is the head of state of the U.K.? 53. What is the House of Lords made up of? 54. What is the major reason for many early settlers to come to the English colonies in North America? 55. What are the three kinds of the American high schools? 56. What are the three branches of government in the United States? 57. Besides being the capital city of Canada, what is special about the city of Ottawa in terms of language? 58. How does the hot and dry weather in Australia affect the vegetation? 59. How do the New Zealanders usually refer themselves to? 60. In which way is Ireland unique among the European countries in terms of its national population? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Cabinet (U.K.) 62. Quality Papers (U.K.) 63. Muckrakers (U.S.) 64. Marshall Plan 全国2011年4月自考 英语国家概况试题 课程代码:00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1._______ is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain. A. Ireland B. Wales C. England D. Scotland 2._______ , King of Wessex, is known as “the father of British Navy” who founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea. A. Alfred B. Henry C. Edward D. William 3. The _______ Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history. A. Roman B. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. Norman 4. _______was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in the 14th century. A. Cholera B. Malaria C. Black Death D. Yellow Fever 5. The name Wars of Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist_______. A. Walter Scott B. Ben Johnson C. Francis Bacon D. Edmund Spenser 6. Winston Churchill was heavily defeated at the general election of 1945 because _______. A. he did not act as a great war leader B. he failed to lead his country to victory C. people wanted Britain to return to the politics of the 1920s and 30s D. the Conservative Party’s traditional principles seemed old-fashioned 7._______ overthrew the feudal system in England and is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. A. Puritan Revolution B. The War of Roses C. The English Civil War D. The Glorious Revolution 8. The British Monarchy has been in existence for more than 1,000 years going back to at least the _______ century. A. 8th B. 9th C. 10th D. 11th 9. In the line of succession to the throne, _______ have precedence over other candidates (heirs). A. the monarch’s sons B. the queen’s sisters C. the monarch’s brothers D. the queen’s daughters 10._______ is NOT a constitutional part of the British Parliament. A. The Cabinet B. The Sovereign C. The House of Lords D. The House of Commons 11. Each session of the British Parliament usually lasts for_______. A. one year B. two years C. four years D. half a year 12. In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives _______ or more of the vote cast. A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20% 13. Only in _______ are police officers allowed to carry firearms for personal protection and for duty purposes. A. Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 14. In Great Britain, almost _______of medical prescription items are supplied free. A. 50% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80% 15. The two established churches in Britain are_______. A. Church of England and Church of Wales B. Church of Ireland and Church of England C. Church of Ireland and Church of Scotland D. Church of England and Church of Scotland 16. Full time first-degree university courses usually last _______ in England. A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 4 years D. 5 years 17. _______ is a “quality” newspaper in Britain. A. The Sun B. The Times C. The Daily Star D. The Daily Mirror 18. The home of golf is_______. A. Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 19. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of_______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Duke of Edinburgh D. the Speaker of the House of Commons 20. _______was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War. A. Tony Blair B. Margaret Thatcher C. Winston Churchill D. Neville Chamberlain 21. The percentage of immigrants in the United States varies greatly from region to region with the _______United States accounting for 14.8% of foreign-born population in the 1980s. A. Southern B. Northern C. Western D. Eastern 22. In the U.S. the high birth rate during the “baby boom” mainly refers to the period _______. A. 1920—1930 B. 1946—1964 C. 1972—1982 D. 1980—1990 23. In 1607 the first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown,_______. A. Maine B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New Hampshire 24. After the United States bought the _______ for only $15 million, its territory almost doubled. A. Ohio Territory B. Gadsden Territory C. Louisiana Territory D. New Mexico Territory 25. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called_______. A. the Confederate Unions B. the Federal States of America C. the Federal Union of America D. the Confederate States of America 26. The Civil War ended with the passing of the _______to the Constitution, which banned slavery in the United States. A. Tenth Amendment B. Eleventh Amendment C. Twelfth Amendment D. Thirteenth Amendment 27. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason to explain the rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War? A. The U.S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports. B. There was enough labor supply for the development of American industries. C. Science and invention played a key role in accelerating America’s industrial development. D. With the war over, both foreign and domestic capital became available for investment. 28. The Peace Conference after World War I in 1918 was dominated by the Big Four, that is _______. A. the United States, Britain, Japan and Italy B. the United States, Russia, France and Italy C. the United States, Britain, France and Italy D. the United States, Britain, France and China 29. Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt is NOT true? A. He was a great communicator. B. He had a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible. C. He called out the army to drive out the World War I veterans. D. His fireside chats over the radio were listened to by millions of people. 30. The incident that made the United States formally declare war against the Axis Powers was _______. A. the Great Depression B. the attack on the Soviet Union C. the Japanese invasion of China D. the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 31. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, President _______finally decided to use naval force to prevent military material and arms from going into Cuba. A. Nixon B. Johnson C. Kennedy D. Eisenhower 32. After the Geneva Conference on Indochina in 1954, the United States replaced _______as the main force in providing aid for South Vietnam. A. Japan B. Britain C. France D. Turkey 33. In the United States, amendments must have the approval of _______of the states before they enter into force. A. one-third B. two-thirds C. two-fifths D. three-fourths 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the _______shall be President of Senate. A. President B. Chief Justice C. Vice President D. Attorney General 35. In the United States, _______period of the party system arose in the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution. A. the first B. the second C. the third D. the fourth 36. Under the Constitution, _______is the federal official primarily responsible for the relations with foreign nations. A. the president B. the federal chief justice C. the Speaker of the House D. the Senate Majority Leader 37. In the U.S., the revenues for public schools primarily come from_______. A. states and localities B. religious communities C. state boards of education D. federal government and states 38. American higher education began with the founding of _______in 1636. A. Yale University B. Harvard College C. University of Virginia D. Princeton University 39. Rip Van Winkle is a character from the famous book _______written by Washington Irving. A. The Sketch Book B. The Scarlet Letter C. A History of New York D. Poor Richard’s Almanac 40. Which of the following statements about New Year’s Day is NOT true? A. In the U.S. it is a nationally observed holiday. B. It is thought of as a good time to make the New Year decisions. C. Most people like to hold big parties and make pumpkin lanterns on that day. D. The celebration of this holiday begins the night before—on New Year’s Eve. 41. The Irish lowland _______. A. is a rocky area B. has many high mountains C. is covered by green forests D. has different landscapes from place to place 42. Which of the following statements about the weather of Ireland is true? A. It has a lot of rainfall. B. It often snows in winter. C. It is a country of sunshine. D. It is quite windy throughout the year. 43. Today, Ireland is _______. A. a colony of Great Britain B. a free state within Great Britain C. an independent and sovereign state D. a member of the British commonwealth 44. The city that has an ice-free harbor as Canada’s major outlet to the Pacific Ocean is_______. A. Ottawa B. Quebec C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Nowadays, _______are the natives in Canada. A. French-speaking people B. English-speaking people C. the Canadian Indians and Inuit D. the early immigrants from Europe 46. Politically Australia is divided into six states and Sydney is the capital of_______. A. Victoria B. Queensland C. South Australia D. New South Wales 47. In Australia, about a quarter of the national income is from the _______ of Western Australia. A. lumbering B. agriculture C. shipbuilding D. mineral export 48. Earthquakes in New Zealand do not cause many deaths because of _______. A. the dormant volcanoes B. the concrete building materials C. the small population in many areas D. the mild magnitude of the earthquakes 49. New Zealand remains green all year round because_______. A. there is enough bushes B. the trees are deciduous C. its native trees are evergreen D. the trees can receive enough sunshine 50. The reason why Maori workers moved to the cities to make a living after World War II is that_______. A. they lost their land B. they learned skills during the war C. they lost their social and cultural links D. they regained their identity as the native people II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. On which day does Easter fall? 52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries? 53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities? 54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as? 55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 1919 and 1920 in the United States. 56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1972 to 1979? 57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863? 58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire? 59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia? 60. Who is the head of the Australian government? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Industrial Revolution 62. Bank Holiday 63. Amerigo Vespucci 64. Research universities 全国2010年7月自考 英语国家概况试题 课程代码:00522 请将填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答 I(MultipIe Choice Questions((50 points，1 point for each) Directions:In this part of the test,there are 50 unfinished statements or questions(For each of the unfinished statements or questions，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given(Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question( Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet( 1.Christianity was first brought to England by______. A.the Romans B.the Celts C.the Anglo-Saxons D.the Danes 2.The names such as Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from______. A.Christianity B.Teutonic religion C.Druidism D.Catho1icism 3.At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England from eastern and central Europe， now France，Belgium and southern Germany. A.the Celts B.the Beaker Folk C.the Romans D.the Anglo-Saxons 4.______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw. A.King Ethelred B.King Alfred C.King Edward D.King Harold 5.Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex. A.King Henry II B.King Richard C.King John D.King Edward III 6.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s) in Parliament. A.651，one B.561，two C.651，two D.561，one 7.The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______. A.the Black Death B.the Watt Tyler’s Uprising C.the Hundred Years’ War D.the Glorious Revolution 8.It was during the reign of______that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707. A.E1izabeth I B.Henry VIII C.Charles I D.Anne 9.Real religious Change came in Edward VI’s time.People call his switch to______ theology “the Reformation”. A.Puritan B.Protestant C.Catholic D.Christian 10.The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between________. A.the Commons and the Lords B.the King and the Barons C.the Parliament and the King D.the Crown and the Church 11.After William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey on their acceptance of the Bill of Rights，the age of_______ began. A.monarchy B.constitutional monarchy C.capitalism D.federal government 12.As a result of the First World War settlement，the ______was established. A.League of Nations B.British Commonwealth C.British East India Company D.United Nations 13.In Britain，the election of ________returned the________ to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. A.1979，Conservative Party B.1983，Labor Party C.1979，Liberal Democrats D.1983，Democratic Party 14.The House of Commons is headed by________. A.the Prime Minister B.the Speaker C.the Lord Chancellor D.the Monarch 15. The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by________. A. the Celts B. the Anglo-Saxons C. the Normans D. the Romans 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the members of the Lords Temporal in the House of Lords? A. All hereditary peers and peeresses of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. B. Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties. C. Senior bishops of the Church of England. D. All other life peers. 17. Margaret Thatcher believed in the following EXCEPT________. A. self-reliance B. the strengthening of trade unions C. privatization D. the use of monetary policies to control inflation 18. Established Churches in Britain are________. A. the Church of England and the Church of Wales B. the Church of Wales and the Church of Scotland C. the Anglican Churches D. the Church of England and the Church of Scotland 19. ________appeal to people wanting news of more entertaining character in Britain. A. Popular newspapers B. Quality newspapers C. “Mid-market” newspapers D. Daily newspapers 20. ________is the most popular sport in England and in Europe. A. Rugby B. Tennis C.Snooker D. Football 21. The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of________. A. Milton Keynes B. Glasgow C. Edinburgh D. Cambridge 22. From 1980 to 1989, the population between the age of 25 and 44 increased by 28.1% in America because_____. A. those who were born during the period of large inflow of immigrants reached this age bracket B. those who were born after the World War II reached this age bracket C. those who were born during the World War I reached this age bracket D. those who were born before the World War II reached this age bracket 23. On April 6, 1789, George Washington was elected the President of America and took the oath of office in_____. A. Washington D.C. B. Philadelphia C. Boston D. New York 24. After_____, the United States saw great developments in industry, agriculture, science and technology, and population. A. the Civil War B. the War of Independence C. the Vietnam War D. the Second World War 25. _____is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke. A. The Articles of Confederation B. The American Constitution C. The Declaration D. The Bill of Rights 26. Faced with the serious economic crisis, the _____ administration refused to take strong government action to soften the effects of the Great Depression. A. Hoover B. Roosevelt C. Wilson D. Truman 27. As a result of_____, the United States had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor. A. the First World War B. the Second World War C. the War of Independence D. the Civil War 28. The Progressive Movement refers to a number of diverse efforts at_____ reforms. A. political, social, and economic B. political, educational, and social C. political, religious, and social D. educational, religious, and economic 29. Which of the following did NOT account for President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions? A. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906. B. The active use of the Sherman Antitrust Act. C. The withdrawal of 200 million acres of public land as forest reserve.D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act. 30. On June 5, 1947, _____suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion. A. George Marshall B. Franklin D. Roosevelt C. George Kennan D. Harry Truman 31. President Truman on March 21, 1947 issued an executive order, initiating a comprehensive investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees. This was the beginning of _____. A. McCarthyism B. cleating out Soviet spies C. widespread persecution of Communists and progressive people D. persecution of federal employees 32. The slave system was formally ended by________in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. A. the Bill of Rights B. the first ten Amendments C. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation D. the Articles of Confederation 33. After the_______, the United States replaced France and became the main force in providing aid for the South Vietnam government. A. Paris Conference B. Geneva Conference C. Yalta Conference D. Teheran Conference 34. Which of the following is NOT associated with Halloween? A. “Trick or treat”. B. “Spring Break”. C. A night-time children’s holiday. D. Pumpkin lanterns. 35. In _______masterpieces, Leaves of Grass, he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man. A. T.S. Eliot’s B. Walt Whitman’s C. Theodore Dreiser’s D. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s36. The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _______. A. free-market economy with a dominant public sector B. planned economy C. monopoly D. government involvement of economy 37. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in_______. A. 1788 B. 1789 C. 1790 D. 1791 38. Which is NOT the power of the President of the United States? A. He shares certain lawmaking powers with Congress. B. He is the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces. C. He can determine whether legislation conforms to the Constitution. D. He can give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases. 39. Under _______to the United States Constitution, _______ takes the responsibility for education. A. the Tenth Amendment, the federal government B. the Thirteenth Amendment, the state C. the Tenth Amendment, the state D. the Thirteenth Amendment, the federal government 40. _______ embodies Thomas Jefferson’s belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal. A. The community college B. The vocational college C. The junior college D. The public college 41. In the year 1845, _______marked the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland. A. the Great Famine B. Enclosure C. the Black Death D. the English Renaissance42. Ireland is unique among European countries for_______. A. its small population B. its beautiful scenery C. its excessive rainfall D. its century-long population decline 43. Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Britain established _______with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army D. Fianna Fail 44. New Zealand is just_______ of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get the new day. A. south B. west C. east D. north 45. In the years that followed the Land Wars the basic philosophy of race relations became _______, rather than Maori self-determination. A. assimilation B. alienation C. disassimilation D. subjugation 46. Who was the first European to discover Canada? A. John Cabot. B. Abel Tasman. C. Samuel de Champlain. D. James Cook. 47. In 1931 by_______Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. A. the Act of Union B. the Statute of Westminster C. the British North American Act D. the Constitution Act 48. Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of_______. A. free immigration B. selected immigration C. restricted immigration D. encouraging immigration 49. In Australia, _______is better known as the Great Dividing Range.A. the Eastern Highlands B. the Great Western Plateau C. the Central Eastern Lowlands D. the Red Centre 50. In Australia, the hot, dry environment has a great influence on the following EXCEPT_______. A. population distribution B. plants C. animals D. the built environment II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain? 52. What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England? 53. What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France? 54. What is the “winner-take-all” system? 55. What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? 56. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize? 57. How many geographical regions are there in Canada? What are they? 58. What does the Outback usually refer to? 59. What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga? 60. Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle? III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. the Black Death 62. the Great Charter (1215) 63. the Great Depression 64. Boston Tea Party 全国2010年4月自考 英语国家概况试题 课程代码:00522 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(50 points，1 point for each) 1.___________of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William， the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers. A. The Roman Conquest B. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest C. The Norman Conquest D. The Celt Conquest 2.As a result of the Black Death，___________. A. all land was left untended B. no labor was required any longer C. 1and owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming D. surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages 3.Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I(1 55 8-1 603)is true? A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne. B. Elizabeth remained single. C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament. D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.4. ___________ was not in the“Allies” in the First World War. A. Britain B. France C. Russia D. Turkey 5.The English Civil War is also called ___________ . A. the Revolutionary War B. the Puritan Revolution C. the Reformation D. the Renaissance 6.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen .In practice，___________. A. Parliament rules the country B. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule C. the Sovereign rules but does not reign D. the Prime Minister rules and reigns 7.In January,1973，Britain finally became a full member of the___________，which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development B. Organization of European Development C. European Economic Community D. European Union 8.The___________refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. A. Urbanization B. Economic Boom C. Glorious Revolution D. Industrial Revolution 9.The major Christian festivals in Britain are___________ . A. Christmas, Easter and Mother’s Day B. Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday C. Christmas，Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patrick’s Day D. Christmas，Whit Sunday and St. George’s Day 10.The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ___________ countries within the Commonwealth (1991). A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60 11.Among the three tribes of the Celts coming to Britain, the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes was the ___________ . A. Gaels B. Brythons C. Belgae D. Vikings 12.Political change in England came mainly through___________. A. gradual reform B. revolution C. people’s uprisings D. working class movement 13.The two parties that have held power in Britain since 1945 are ___________ . A. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party B. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party C. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party D. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party 14.___________’s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts. in exploration and in battle. A. Mary B. Henry VIII C. E1izabeth I D. Charles II 15.After the Restoration，Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ____________against the Puritans，now known as Nonconformists. A. Agreement of the People B. the Petition of the Right C. the Clarendon Code D. the Act of Supremacy 16.Which statement about the“Wars of Roses”is NOT true? A. The king’s power now became supreme. B. Ordinary people were seriously affected. C. The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years. D. From these wars feudalism received its death blow. 1 7.The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance were ___________ . A. Ben Johnson，Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens B. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare C. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens D. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson 18.The Chartist movement was the first nationwide ___________ movement. A. working class B. lower middle class C. upper middle class D. upper class 19.______________led the U.K. to final victory in the Second World War. A. Winston Churchill B. Neville Chamberlain C. Tony Blair D. William Gladstone 20.Which statement about the religion in Britain is true? A. Every person in Britain may change his religion，but with difficulty. B. Every person may not manifest his faith in teaching，worship and observance. C. Every person has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State. D. Churches and religious societies of any kind cannot own property and propagate their beliefs in speeches and writing. 21.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus，a(n)___________navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies. A. French B. Spanish C. Italian D. English 22.American troops defeated the British at___________ in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence，leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France. A. Saratoga B. Trenton C. Lexington D. Yorktown 23.In 1787，delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the ___________ . A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress C. Constitutional Convention D. Independent Convention 24.Which of the following is NOT among President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions? A. The implementation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act. B. The initiation of large-scale irrigation projects. C. The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906. D. The passage of the Federal Reserve Act. 25.___________Was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S. in 1929. A. Business bankruptcy B. Serious unemployment C. The stock market crash D. Foreclosures 26.During the Second World War, American wartime objectives were the total destruction of___________ powers and the establishment of a world order. A. Axis B. Asian C. Allied D. European 27.In 1932，in the depth of the depression，the American people chose ___________ as their next president who promised to get the U.S. out of the depression. A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin D. Roosevelt C. Woodrow Wilson D. Herbert C. Hoover 28.Education was made a function of the state under the ___________Amendment to the US Constitution. A. Tenth B. Eleventh C. Twelfth D. Thirteenth 29.McCarthyism was a full-scale ___________hysteria in the United States in the 1950s. A. pro-Nazi B. anti-Fascist C. pro-Communist D. anti-Communist 30.On June 5，1947，___________suggested that the US should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion. A. George Kennan B. George Marshall C. Dwight Eisenhower D. James F. Byrnes 31.A decision to set up a world organization，the United Nations，was made at___________. A. Yalta Conference B. Potsdam Conference C. Teheran Conference D. Paris Conference 32.The safeguards against abuse of powers in the United States come in the form of___________. A. separation of powers B. executive orders C. presidential elections D. judicial reviews 33.___________Was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote. A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 B. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865 C. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 34.Woman obtained voting right from the___________ Amendment to the Constitution. A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th 35.Of the four kinds of high schools，___________ones only aim to prepare students for college. A. comprehensive B. academic C. vocational D. technical 36.There have been__________ periods in the development of American political parties in the United States. A. two B. three C. four D. five 37.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of ___________. A. material failure B. spiritual frustration C. political setbacks D. welfare reform 38.___________is the largest single source of goods imported by the U.S.，accounting for nearly 30,of the total. A. Canada B. Mexico C. Japan D. European Union 39.Mark Twain’s masterwork was ___________ . A. The Scarlet Letter B. Leaves of Grass C. The Sketch Book D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 40.In the early part of the 19th century，___________was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Philadelphia C. Chicago D. New York City 41.Tourist trade is important in economy in ___________with rich green mountains and valleys. A. British Columbia B. Atlantic provinces C. the Canadian-Shield D. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces 42.Which of the following about Canada in World War I is NOT true? A. It founded its navy to enter World War I. B. It took a seat as a member of the League of Nations. C. It won the right to sign the Peace Treaty of 1919 in its own name. D. It has found its place among the nations of the world since World War I. 43.Generally speaking，Canada can be divided into___________ geographical regions. A. three B. four C. five D. six 44.Which of the following statements about Australia is true? A. It is the world’s fifth largest country and is surrounded by sea. B. It is the smallest and the only continent that contains only one country. C. It is a continent that contains only Australia and New Zealand. D. It is the world’s smallest continent and the world’s fourth largest country. 45.The first Australian colony, established by Britain in 1788 and called the premier state， is ___________ . A. Victoria B. Tasmania C. Queensland D. New South Wales 46.The Australian political division borders are drawn___________. A. along straight lines of latitude and longitude B. along rivers and forests C. along mountain ranges D. along natural features 47.The only native mammals in New Zealand are___________. A. rabbits B. bats C. opossums D. goats 48.A chain of mountains runs almost the whole length of South Island in New Zealand. The highest peak is___________. A. Mt Ruapehu B. Mt Cook C. Mt Ngaurohoe D. Mt Tongariro 49.One of the four unusual demographic features of Ireland is___________. A. an early marriage age B. an excess of males in the population C. a low proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a high birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 50.Migration in Ireland declined sharply___________. A. during WWI B. in recent years C. in the early decades of the 20th century D. after the establishment of the Irish Free State II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points，3 points for each) 51.What is the Magna Carta also known as? 52.Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U.K.? 53.What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain? 54.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? 55.What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s? 56.What are Conglomerates in the USA? 57.Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from? 58.Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia? 59.What is Maoritanga? 60.What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921? III.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points，5 points for each) 61.the House of Commons 62.English feudal system 63.the U.S. two-party system 64.the New Deal