中考英语数词考点归纳与例析

英语数词考点归纳与例析 【重点讲解】 数词分为基数词和序数词两种,表示事物数目的词称为基数词如one, two, three, forty 等;表示事物顺序的数词称为序数词。如first, second, third, fortieth等。数词的用法要注意一下几点: 1、基数词和序数词的拼写形式。 主要掌握1-12及20、21等的序数词的形式,其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加-th,是有规律可循的。 one—first six—sixth eleven—eleventh two—second seven—seventh twelve—twelfth three—third eight—eighth thirteen—thirteenth four—fourth nine—ninth twenty—twentieth five—fifth ten—tenth twenty-one—twenty-first 另外,序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:1st, 25th。 2. 时刻表达法。 表示时刻有两种说法: 1) 先说分钟,后说钟点。几点过几分,分钟不超过三十分钟时用past。例如: It’s five past eight now. 现在是八点(过)五分。 几点差几分或差几分几点,差的分钟数不超过二十九分钟时,用to。例如: It’s twenty-nine to eight. 八点差二十九分。 It’s a quarter to eight. 差一刻八点。 2)先说钟点,后说分钟。在日常生活中,为了简便,常用这种说法。例如: It’s eight thirty.八点三十分。 3.年、月、日表达法。 1)年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如:1949 读作nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或nineteen forty-nine;2000读作twenty hundred,或two thousand。 表示在哪一年,一般在年份前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。如:in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年。但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。 2)在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。例如:in May在五月。 3)日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要用介词on。例如: National Day is on Oct. 1. (=National Day is on the 1st of October.) 国庆节是十月一日。 4)美国英语的月份在日期前面, 如:2008年8月3日表达为August 3, 2008;英国英语的习惯是日在月前, 如:3 August 2008或3rd August 2008. 4.电话号码及编号。 编号既可以用序数词,也可用基数词。例如: 1 the first lesson -- Lesson One 第一课 the fiftieth page -- page 50第五十页 有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如: Room 829 (读作eight two nine) 829号房间 Tel. No. 2793586 (读作Telephone number two seven nine three five eight six) 5.分数的表达法。 分数由基数词和序数词合成。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是 1 时,分母用单数形式;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。例如:1/3 → one third;2/3 → two thirds 6.小数的表达法。 整数与小数之间用小数点隔开。读小数时,每位数字(特别是小数点后面的)要单独读出。小数点读作point (点),零读作zero (或naught)。如果整数是零,往往不读出。例如: 0.5读作zero(naught)point five, 或point five 7. 百分数的表达法。 5% → 5 per cent读作:five percent 8. 加减乘除表示法。 1)“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。 1+2=? 可表示为:How much is one plus two? If we add one to/and two, we get three.一加二等于三。 2)“减”用minus表示。 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? Take six from ten and the remainder is four. 十减去六等于四。 3)“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示。 3X7=? How much is three times seven? Three multiplied by seven makes twenty-one.三乘以七等于二十一。 4)“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。 12 ÷ 4=? How much is twelve divided by four? Twelve divided by four equals/gives/makes three.十二除以四等于三。 【中考链接】 1. -- Do you still remember the snow storm last winter? -- Sure! _____ people _______ from going home during that time. A. One hundred, stopped B. Ten hundreds of, were stopped C. Hundreds, stopped D. Hundreds of, were stopped 答案:D。【解析】基数词表示具体数目时,hundred, thousand, million用单数形式。但在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等不确切数目时,hundred, thousand, million要用复数形式,且后接“of +名词复数”,所以第一空填Hundreds of;人们是受到暴风雪的阻挡而回不了家, people与stop是被动关系,所以第二空填were stopped。 2. --- Peter, how old is your father this year? --- _______. And we just had a party for his ________ birthday last weekend. A. Fortieth, forty B. Forty, forty C. Forty, fortieth D. Fortieth, fortieth 答案:C。【解析】该题考查的是基数词与序数词的用法。回答年龄,要用基数词;说“第几个”生日要用序数词。 3. All the teachers live on ______ floor. A. the second B. two C. second 答案:A。【解析】该题考查的是基数词与序数词的用法。序数词作定语时前面要加定冠词the。又如:December is the twelfth month of the year. 十二月是一年中的第十二个月份。 4. -- How many students are there in your class? -- Fifty. Two-thirds of us ________ from Guangdong. A. is B. comes C. arew D. coming 答案:C。【解析】本题考点是数词作主语时的主谓一致问题。句中Two thirds of us指“我们当中三分之二的人”至少也有几个人,显然是复数,因此选C。 5. -- How old is the baby? -- He is _______. A. six-months-old B. six-month-old C. six-months old D. six months old 答案:D。【解析】选项A和C本身是错误的,其中的month不可以用复数形式。选项B 是“基数词+ 名词+ 形容词”构成的复合形容词,只能用作定语。 6. ______ is said that ________ tourists visit Geyuan Garden every day. A. That, thousands of B. It, five thousand of C. It , thousands of D. This, three thousand 答案:C。【解析】“it is said that…”,表示“据说…”,是一个固定句型。thousand与of 连用要用复数形式,所以排除B而选C。 7. Time is not enough for so much work. ____ people are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others 答案:C。【解析】基数词与more连用,并放在more前,表示“另外有”、“还有”的意思。 8. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a ___ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. 不填 答案:B。【解析】序数词前加不定冠词a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。句意为,“那两把尺子都断了,我想买第三支。”所以排除C选B。又如:Please try it a second time. 请再试一试。 【习题精炼】 1. December is the _____ month in a year. A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth 2.--- My birthday is on the second day after Children's Day. --- Oh' it's _______. Mine is on that day, too. A. June the two B. three June C. the third of June D. June 2 3. Another way of saying 10:40 is _____. A. twenty to eleven B. twenty to twelve C. twelve to twenty D. eleven past forty 5. Five _____old people died of cold last year. A. hundreds of B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of 4. The usually get up at 6:50. Here "at 6:50" means at _______. A. ten past sit B. fifty to seven C. ten to seven D. fifty past six 6. Basketball is so popular a game in the world that ______ people play it for fun and exercise. A. million of B. millions of C. millions D. two millions of 7. The very important person in the story is an artist in his ________. A. sixtieth B. sixty C. sixty's D. sixties 8. We are going to learn _____next week. A. Lesson Nine B. Lesson Ninth C. Ninth Lesson D. the Lesson Ninth 9. My mother is ________. Today is her ______birthday. A. forty; fortieth B. fourty; fourtieth C. forty; forteth D. fourty; fortyth 10. About ______ of the students in our school are less than 15 years old. A. third fifths B. three fifths C. three fives D. three fifth 【答案详解】 1. 答案:D。【解析】本题考查基数词与序数词的用法的区别。12月是一年中的第12个月,所以要用序数词twelfth。 2. 答案:C。【解析】“儿童节后的第二天”是“六月三日”,即the third of June或June 3(rd)或June the third。故选C。 3. 答案:A。【解析】本题考查时间的的两种表达。一种是直接数字法,另一种是借助介词to 或past来表达时间的方法。当分钟数小于或等于30的时候,就用past, 如,8: 25 读做twenty-five past eight。当分钟数大于30的时候,就要借助介词to, 如,8:45读做“九点差十五分”,英语表达为a quarter to nine。再如,10:35 读做twenty-five to eleven。 4. 答案:C。【解析】六点五十分,即七点差十分,可读作six fifty或ten to seven, 故选C。 5. 答案:B。【解析】当表示确定的数量的时候,量词不能用复数形式,后面也不要加上of。但当表示不确定的数量时,要用hundreds of , thousands of , millions of 等。 6. 答案:B。【解析】一般地,基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加-s,也不带of。它们的复数形式后面常需跟of短语,表示约数。如:hundreds of数百,thousands of成千上万,millions of数百万。 7. 答案:D。【解析】in one’s sixties表示“在某人六十多岁时”,其中的基数 8. 答案:A。【解析】此题考查用数词编顺序号的用法。当数词在名词前的时候,要用序数词,而且序数词的前面要用上定冠词the,数词和名词的第一个字母都不要大写;但当名词在数词前的时候,要用基数词, 数词和名词的第一个字母也都要大写。 9. 答案:A。【解析】“四十”和“第四十”的正确拼写形式分别是“forty”和“fortieth”,故选A。 10. 答案:B。【解析】分数词的表示法是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于一,序数词要用复数形式。所以选B。