桑塔纳3000型轿车资料（Santana 3000 car information）

桑塔纳3000型轿车资料（Santana 3000 car information） 桑塔纳3000型轿车资料(Santana 3000 car information) Santana 3000 electronic control gasoline injection system by the electronic control unit (ECU), six sensors, ignition coil, distributor, pressure regulator, fuel injector etc., their basic composition and arrangement, as shown in figure 2-1. As shown in Figure 2-2, the driver through the door control solar term intake, solar term door position sensor to detect the solar term door opening information to the electronic control unit (ECU), an electronic control unit integrated factors to adjust the amount of fuel injection, the optimum gas mixture. When the engine works, solar term door position sensor detecting driver control solar term door opening, the amount of air intake pressure sensor into the cylinder, the main information input ECU two signal as gasoline injection, fuel injection quantity is calculated by the ECU. According to the water temperature, air temperature, oxygen, knock four sensor input, ECU modified on the fuel injection quantity, the actual amount of fuel injection, then according to the Holzer sensor signal detected the crank angle ECU to determine the best fuel injection and ignition timing and instruction injector and spark plug spark. There is a knock sensor in the system. When the engine is knocking, it tells the ECU to delay the ignition and reduce the knock. The knock sensor can not only ensure the use of low grade gasoline does not damage the engine, but also ensure that the engine can produce maximum power in the use of high quality gasoline; temperature sensor in the system can ensure that the engine in cold start, can add rich mixture concentration; and the oxygen sensor in the system could be used to monitor the combustion engine and by the control unit to adjust the amount of fuel injection, which will exhaust pollution is reduced to the lowest level; ECU is a 32 bit computer, it can handle and control the engine fuel injection time. The fuel injector and spark plug work best with instructions such as injection duration and ignition advance angle. The electronic control gasoline injection system is divided into three parts: the gasoline supply system, the air supply system and the control system. Fig. 2-1 basic composition and arrangement of electronically controlled gasoline injection system L- canister (located in the right front fender inside) 2- canister solenoid valve (in the air cleaner inlet hose side) 3- 4- solar term door position sensor 5- gas distribution pipe 6- injector 7- electronic control unit (ECU, located under the dashboard on the driver's side) 8- 9-4 knock sensor pin connector (for oxygen sensor) the ignition distributor 10- 11- speed regulator 12- inlet pressure and temperature sensor 13- air filter Fig. 2-2 schematic diagram of electronically controlled fuel injection system 1-ECU 2- solar term door position sensor 3- idle bypass valve inlet pressure sensor 4- 5- gasoline filter 6- 7- knock sensor intake air temperature sensor 8- pressure regulator 9- injector 10- oxygen sensor 11- ignition coil 12- temperature sensor 13- distributor 14- electric fuel pump I. main components of the gasoline supply system Gasoline supply system is according to the instructions of ECU, with a constant pressure will be a certain amount of gasoline sprayed into the intake pipe: it mainly includes the gasoline tank, gasoline distributing pipe, electric fuel pump, fuel filter, oil pressure regulator, fuel injector etc., As shown in figures 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. Figure 2-3 gasoline supply system parts drawing L- 2- oil return hose into the oil hose 3, 8, 4, 7, 28- tubing chuck 9, 21, 26- 5- clip gasoline filter shell 6- fuel filter 10- screw 11- 12- 13- into the return pipe ventilation tube tubing 14- lock nut (3217 removing and installing tools) 15- (note the installation position of flange in the gasoline tank) 16- ring 17- gasoline level sensor 18- gasoline pump 19- gasoline tank (when removing the engine and the transmission rod box with V.A.G1383 support) 20- install the fuel pump fixing ring 22- screws 23- clasp 24- bearing 25- dustproof rubber connecting pipe 27-. Figure 2-4 gasoline tank refueling pipe assembly L- mounting bracket, 2- intermediate support, 3, 6, 7- bolts (tightening torque 4N = m), 4- filling pipe (with check valve), 5- clamp, 8- oil collecting cover, 9- circlip, 10- sealing plug, 11- oil tank, lock cover Fig. 2-5 part drawings of injector parts L- fuel oil return hose hose 2- 3- injector resistor 4- clip 5- injector total oil pipe 6- ring 7- injector 8- positive crankcase ventilation valve (PCV valve) 9- temperature sensor 10- mounting bracket 11- pressure regulator The oil pressure regulator is connected with the injector to control the pressure of the oil supply system, so that the difference between the oil pressure in the injector and the negative pressure of the intake pipe is always maintained at 0.24MPa, so that the injection capacity is controlled by the duration of the energization time only. The fuel injector sprays the gasoline into the intake pipe in a fog according to the ECU instruction. The electric gasoline pump sucks out the gasoline from the gasoline tank and filters it through the gasoline filter and passes it to the gasoline distributor. The gasoline distribution pipe evenly distribute the gasoline to the electronically controlled injector, and the injector sprays gasoline into the intake pipe in a timely manner. The gasoline distribution pipe has an oil pressure regulator that keeps the pressure difference between the pressure of the gasoline and the intake pipe unchanged and returns the excess gasoline to the gasoline tank via the return line. The gasoline supply system is constantly subjected to gasoline washing, so it often provides cold gasoline, thus avoiding the formation of foam and improving the high temperature starting characteristics. 1. Gasoline pump As shown in Figure 2-6 the structure of electric fuel pump, which is driven by the roller pump rotor with permanent magnet motor, mainly driven by DC motor, pump roller pump, keep the gasoline transfer check valve not too high a pressure limiting valve and keep the residual pressure of pressure pipe. The electric gasoline pump is installed in the gasoline tank and is constantly washed by gasoline to cool the motor sufficiently. The fuel supply of the gasoline pump is greater than the maximum gasoline requirement of the engine so that the oil pressure in the gasoline supply system can be maintained under all engine conditions. Figure 2-6 electric gasoline pump L- pressure limiting valve 2-, roller type oil pump, 3- motor, 4- one-way valve, A- inlet, B- oil outlet When starting, the gasoline pump works as long as the starter switch works. When the engine moves together, the gasoline pump is connected, and the ECU controls the gasoline pump via an external gasoline pump relay. To be on the safe side, the gasoline pump does not pump the oil when the ignition switch is switched on (without starting the engine) and the engine stops working. 2, gasoline tank Santana 2000GLi gasoline tank of gasoline vapor is discharged into the atmosphere, but the introduction of the intake pipe, therefore between gasoline tank and air intake system in parallel with a gasoline vapor recovery unit, namely the canister, as shown in figure 2-7. Fig. 2-7 part drawings of activated carbon canister 1- plug 2- activated carbon canister solenoid valve 3- 4- 5- to support rubber support of the engine intake system of pipeline ventilation tube (6- ventilation from gasoline tank (7-) bolt tightening torque 10N - M) 8- canister (installed in the right front wheel cover) The activated carbon in the canister is an excellent adsorbent for oil vapor. It has a large surface area and is favorable for the adsorption of gasoline vapor. The tank is equipped with a one-way check valve to prevent the backflow of gasoline vapor. The tank has an air filter at the bottom, and the fresh air passes through the strainer and takes away the gasoline vapor molecules from the carbon particles to prevent the mixture from becoming too thick. When the car stops running, the gasoline in the gasoline tank evaporates at a high temperature, causing pressure to open the one-way valve, and the gasoline vapor enters the canister, which attracts the gasoline vapor and stores it. The engine in the hot work, charcoal CANISTER-PURGE valve (N80) open under the control of ECU, the fresh air gasoline vapor to be sucked away, the intake pipe, thereby recovering the gasoline vapor, to prevent air pollution and reduce the waste of gasoline. 3. Gasoline filter A filter is attached to the rear of the electric gasoline pump. It is located under the middle floor, including a paper filter with a mesh width of 10 m and a fiber filter screen attached to it. A support plate holds the filter in the housing. The housing of the filter is made of metal, and the service life of the filter depends on the degree of pollution of the gasoline. When the gasoline filter is installed, note that the upper arrow indicates the flow direction of the gasoline. 4 、 gasoline distribution pipe The task of the gasoline distribution pipe is to distribute the gasoline evenly to all injectors. Gas distribution pipe has the function of oil storage, in order to overcome the pressure fluctuations, the volume ratio of each engine working cycle gasoline injected by a much larger amount, so that the connecting pipe of the injector in the distribution under the same gas pressure. In addition, the distribution pipe makes the injector easy to assemble and disassemble. 5. Oil pressure regulator The oil pressure regulator works to keep the pressure difference between the pressure of the gasoline and the intake pipe constant, so that the amount of gasoline ejected by the injector depends solely on the opening time of the valve. The oil pressure regulator is mounted on the gasoline distribution line. As shown in Figure 2-8, this is a diaphragm controlled overflow regulator that regulates the gasoline pressure to about 0.24MPa. It has a metal shell. In the diaphragm of a shell is divided into two chambers, a spring chamber, spiral spring preload exerts a force on the diaphragm; another rubber chamber for accommodating petrol (gasoline, gasoline room room) is directly communicated with the oil duct. Figure 2-8 oil pressure regulator L- oil inlet, 2- return oil joint pipe, 3- ball valve, 4- seat, 5- diaphragm, 6- pressure spring, 7- intake pipe joint 6 、 injector Each engine cylinder are equipped with an electronically controlled fuel injector, injector is installed in the front of the air inlet, its effect is the precise quantification of gasoline spray to the engine intake pipe at the end of each intake valve in front of. The fuel injector is composed of an injector body, a filter screen, a magnetic field winding, a needle valve, a valve body, a coil spring, an adjusting pad, and the like, as shown in figure 2-9. Figure 2-9 injector L- gasoline connector, 2- connection plug, 3- electromagnetic coil, 4- core, 5- stroke, 6- valve body, 7- shell, 8- needle valve, 9- flange part, 10- adjusting pad, 11- spring, 12- filter screen, 13- nozzle The injector is electromagnetic and controlled by the electrical impulses of the ECU to turn it on or off. Each injector is in parallel, and when the magnetic field winding has no current, the injector needle valve is pressed by the helical spring at the cone seat at the injector outlet. The magnet is energized, the valve from the seat surface is increased by about 0.1mm, out of gasoline from precision in the annular gap, and the air is sucked into the cylinder through the cyclone formation and is easy to ignite the uniform air gasoline mixture in the intake and compression stroke. In order to make the gasoline sufficiently atomized, the front end of the needle valve is worn out with an injection pin. The suction and fall time of the injector is l to 1.5ms. The electronically controlled injector sprays gasoline to the front of the intake valve at the end of each intake manifold. The amount of gasoline injected per cycle is essentially determined by the opening duration of the injector, which is calculated by the ECU according to the engine operating conditions. The injector is mounted with a special support, and the support is made of rubber. The heat insulation function can prevent the gasoline in the injector from producing bubbles, and is helpful for improving the high temperature starting performance of the engine. In addition, the rubber molding can protect the injector from high vibration stress. The fuel injector is connected with the gasoline distribution pipe through a connecting socket with an insurance chuck. Two. The structure and working principle of the main components of the air supply system The air supply system acts as a means of providing and controlling the amount of air required for the combustion of gasoline. It mainly consists of air filter, throttle body, intake pressure sensor, pressure regulator box and additional air valve, etc., as shown in figure 2-10. Fig. 2-10 parts drawing of air supply system L- intake connecting pipe, 2- throttle body, 3- liner, 4- intake manifold, 5- throttle position sensor, 6- idle adjuster, 7- additional air slide valve, 8- thermal start throttle The intake pressure sensor is connected with the pressure stabilizing box. The function of the inlet pressure sensor is to change the pressure change in the intake pipe into a signal and lose it to the ECU. ECU calculates the amount of air required for each cycle engine according to the intake pressure and engine speed, and calculates the amount of gasoline injected. The air filtered by the air filter flows into the pressure stabilizing box by the throttle body and is distributed to the air inlet pipe of each cylinder, and the air is mixed with the gasoline ejected from the injector to form a combustible mixture and then enter the cylinder. 1. Air filter The air cleaner is of constant temperature (shown in Figure 2-11). It is opened by means of a vacuum control valve, To control the amount of hot air entering the air filter, so as to keep the intake temperature of the engine at a constant value. Vacuum control valve opening is controlled by a temperature control switch, when the inlet temperature is low, the temperature control switch is opened, leading to the door of the solar term vacuum hot air control valve to open the airway; when the temperature is high, the temperature control switch is closed, a vacuum channel leading to the truncation solar term door body, the temperature control switch off the hot air. 2 throttle body The throttle body (as shown in Fig. 2-12) is located between the air filter and the regulator box and is connected with the accelerator pedal to control the change of the section area of the intake passage so as to realize the control of the engine speed and load. For the opening of the door position detection of solar term, in the end of the shaft is equipped with a solar term (lower) solar term door position sensor, for opening signal transfer to the ECU solar term door. The throttle body is provided with a side passage, and when the throttle is closed and the engine is idle, the air needed for the combustion of the gasoline enters the engine by an idle bypass valve. In order to automatically control the idle speed, a rotating spool type idle speed controller is provided in the idle channel, which can change the cross sectional area of the channel, as shown in figure 2-13. Figure 2-11 air filter L- filter 2- upper part of the air cleaner 3, 13- clamp 4- 5- intake hose clamp (fixed with the door body connecting the solar term intake hose) 6- intake hose 7- crankcase to idle valve exhaust pipe 8 vacuum tubes (to the solar term door vacuum tube (9-) to the vacuum control valve) 10- hot air guide 11- plate fixed nut 12- hot air hose (connected with the hot air deflector and air filter) 14- 15- the lower part of the air cleaner vacuum control valve Figure 2-12 throttle body, idle governor and gasoline distributor 1, 14, 18, 20, 21, 37, 42- (bolt tightening torque 10N - M) 2- 3, 40- 10, washers, rubber pad 4- idle speed regulator 5, 24- seal 6- connector (for the installation of idle speed regulator) 7, 9- tube 8- 11- rubber tube intake manifold gasket 12- 13- connector (for the installation of inlet pressure and temperature sensor) 15- ring 16- inlet pressure and temperature sensor 17- (bolt tightening torque 3N - M 22- (19-) insulation board bolt tightening torque of 21.6N - M) 23- solar term door (solar term door body the limit screw have been adjusted in the factory shall not be changed) 25, 36, 26, 34- 41- washers rubber pad 27- (bolt tightening torque 20N - M) 28- 29- (solar term door position sensor bolt tightening torque 2N - M) 30- circlip (fixed pressure regulator) 31- pressure regulator 32- gasoline distribution Pipe 33- injector 35- sealing ring (after damage should be replaced in time), 38- intake manifold gasket, 39- valve cover, 43- bolt (tightening torque 6N = m) Figure 2-13 rotating spool type idle speed regulator 1- connection plug, 2- shell, 3- permanent magnet, 4- armature, 5- air passage, 6- speed regulation slide valve After the cold start, the engine enters the warm-up stage, The engine needs an additional heater. The additional air slide valve (shown in Figure 2-10 7) serves as a bypass valve for the throttle valve to transfer additional air to the engine in accordance with engine temperature. The amount of additional air has been taken into account when measuring air volume, and the injector will carry more gasoline. When the engine temperature increases, the additional air slide valve reduces the amount of additional air to the bypass section of the throttle valve. The additional air slide valve is controlled by one orifice plate, and the orifice plate is controlled by a bimetallic plate. The orifice controls the opening section of the manifold (that is, the bypass valve), and the bimetallic sheet is electrically heated. As the engine temperature rises, it gradually reduces the opening cross section of the additional air slide valve. The installation position of additional air slide net is chosen on the engine which is easy to feel its temperature. Thus, when the engine warm-up is over, the additional air slide valve is no longer working. When the driver suddenly slows down, release the accelerator pedal, solar term doors shut quickly, the amount of air entering the cylinder is rapidly decreasing, the output power of the engine is greatly reduced, resulting in unnecessary impact, or even flameout, in order to prevent this undesirable phenomenon, solar term door buffer device is arranged in the solar term outside the Ministry, as shown in figure 2-14. Figure 2-14 throttle buffer 1- air filter screen, 2- damping hole, 3- damping spring, 4- diaphragm, 5- lever, 6- throttle Three, the main components of the control system The control system is to collect information and determine the best working condition of the engine fuel injection quantity, injection timing and the best optimal ignition moment, which is composed of electronic control unit (ECU), water temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, solar term door position sensor, temperature sensor, intake pressure sensor, knock sensor and Holzer sensor etc.. The sensor is a main component of actual testing of the engine working condition, sensory signals, and the signal is transmitted to the ECU ECU, through calculation and analysis, a corresponding instruction, make the engine work in the best working condition. 1 、 electronic control unit Electronic control unit, commonly known as computer or ECU. ECU is an electronic control device, it is the control center of electronic control fuel injection device, which is composed of analog to digital converter, read-only memory ROM, RAM RAM, logic device and data registers etc.. By analyzing the engine operating conditions data provided by various sensors, the control pulse of fuel injector and ignition advance angle is issued with the aid of the comprehensive characteristic curve of the programmed program. The ECU is mounted under the driver dashboard, as shown in figure 2-15. Figure 2-15 ECU and oxygen sensors and water temperature sensors 1- connection plug, 2-ECU 3- fixed plate, 4- plug connection, 5- oxygen sensor, 6- rail line 7-, take over 8-O ring 9-, water temperature sensor 10- connection plug After the replacement of the ECU, the engine shall be matched with each other, and idle speed shall be detected. The oxygen sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe. The installation torque is 50N. M. The thread must be lubricated with "G5", but the "G5" shall not enter the gap of the sensor body. Before folding the water temperature sensor, drain part of the coolant in the cooling system. The terminals of the ECU are shown in Figure 2-16, and the use of the terminals is shown in table 2-l. Figure 2-16 ECU terminals 2 、 throttle position sensor Solar term door position sensor is installed in the solar term door body, used to detect solar term door opening, it through the linkage lever mechanism and the solar term door, which reflect the different engine working conditions (idling, acceleration, deceleration and full load etc.). This sensor can check these working conditions of engine and enter ECU to control different injection quantity. Table 2-1 use of ECU terminals terminal condition Terminal use standard value Nine Driven by remote controls Power Supply system voltage 2, 5, 13 and 25 Ground terminal 0. 8 and 9 iat 160~300 Omega 8 and 7 Start and gradually step down the accelerator pedal Air flow meter The resistance changes 8 and 5 Air flow meter 340~450 Omega Twenty-one Ignition switch "ON"" system voltage 10 and 25 Water temperature sensor Cooler: 1080~2750 Heat engine: 150~500 Four When the starter runs Starting signal Battery voltage Three The throttle valve is fully open when the remote control is driven Solar term door position sensor Fourteen When the remote control is driven, the throttle is fully closed Solar term door position sensor 9 and 12 9 and 24 1 and 4 cylinder injector resistors 2 and 3 cylinder injector resistors 3.9 to 4.5 Omega One Ignition switch "ON", 1 "+" voltage Connect with ignition coil terminal 1 15 and 20 Connect 15 and 20 by wire, then disconnect ignition control plug and check resistance between terminals 16 and 17 It should be 0 The throttle position sensor belongs to the switch contact type, as shown in figure 2-17. The utility model is mainly composed of movable contact, idle speed contact and power contact. Composition, solar term door control rod, and guide cam groove. Movable contact in the guide cam slot guide cam driven by fixed shaft rod on the control in the solar term. Figure 2-17 throttle position sensor The l- 2- 3- axis guide cam lever 4- solar term active contact 5- idle contact 6- contact 7- 8- power connector guide cam groove 3 、 intake pressure sensor The intake pressure sensor is connected with the voltage regulator to convert the pressure change in the intake pipe into electrical signals. It is fed to the ECU along with the rotational speed signal as a basis for determining the basic fuel injection quantity of the injector. The intake pressure sensor adopts the semiconductor varistor (the full name is the absolute pressure sensor of the intake manifold). It consists of a silicon diaphragm, an integrated circuit, a filter, a vacuum chamber, and a housing, as shown in figure 2-18. The silicon diaphragm is a pressure conversion element, which is fabricated by the piezoelectric effect of the semiconductor. One side of the silicon diaphragm is the vacuum chamber, and the other side is the inlet pressure. An integrated circuit is a signal amplifying device whose terminals are connected to the ECU. Figure 2-18 intake pressure sensor (a) plane diagram (b) stereogram 1- silicon diaphragm, 2- vacuum chamber, 3- integrated circuit, 4- filter, 5- inlet, 6- terminal When the engine works, from the intake pipe of the air filter through the sensor works at the silicon diaphragm on the silicon diaphragm deformation (due to air flow corresponds to the inlet pressure, the corresponding inlet flow is larger, the intake pipe pressure is higher, the silicon diaphragm deformation is greater). The deformation of the silicon diaphragm changes the resistance of the diffusion on the silicon diaphragm, resulting in changes in the voltage output of the bridge. The integrated circuit of the sensor amplifies and amplifies the voltage signal, and then the intake pipe pressure signal is sent to the ECU. This signal becomes the main basis for calculating the air volume of the air cylinder. 4 、 inlet temperature sensor Intake air temperature sensor and pressure sensor mounted on the intake pipe of solar term door, to check the intake temperature, intake air temperature measurement was designed to determine the density of air, it combined with the intake pressure sensor, can accurately reflect the amount of air entering the cylinder. The intake temperature sensor is made of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, and ECU changes the injection temperature according to the intake temperature detected by the intake air temperature sensor, which makes the engine automatically adapt to changes in the external environment. 5 、 water temperature sensor The function of water temperature sensor is to determine the temperature of engine coolant and change it into electrical signal. It is sent into ECU to provide an important basis for correcting the injection quantity. The water temperature sensor is mounted in the coolant circuit of the engine, as shown in figure 2-19. Temperature is measured by a semiconductor resistor with negative temperature coefficients. The resistance of the negative temperature coefficient decreases when the temperature rises. Figure 2-19 water temperature sensor 1- negative temperature coefficient resistor 2- case 3- electric connector 6 knock sensor The knock sensor is mounted on the cylinder block as shown in figure 2-20. It converts the engine knock into electrical signals and is fed to the ECU to correct the ignition time. Figure 2-20 mounting location of knock sensor Knock sensor is a kind of broadband acceleration sensor with natural frequency greater than 25kHz. The control element is made of piezoelectric ceramic. In order to insulation, plastic package up sensor, allowable working temperature is 130 DEG C. 7 oxygen sensor Oxygen sensor (lambda sensor), also known as air fuel mixture ratio sensor, is used to control the combustion status of the engine, and the ECU is provided with an electrical signal to correct the injection amount at any time. The oxygen sensor is mounted on the exhaust pipe of the engine and extends into the exhaust gas flow. The external electricity is extremely excited by the exhaust gas, and the internal electricity is extremely close to the outside air. The oxygen sensor is essentially made up of a special ceramic body with a breathable aluminum electrode on its surface, as shown in figure 2-21. The principle of the sensor is that the ceramic material is porous and allows oxygen in the air to diffuse (Group electrolyte), which is electrically conductive at high temperature. If the two electrode of oxygen is not the same, then the electrode produces a voltage that measured oxygen concentration in the exhaust pipe, and to keep the ECU feedback signal to correct injection quantity, to ensure that the air and gasoline mixture of excess air coefficient a=l.00 (ideal gas mixture). Figure 2-21 oxygen sensors L- contact part, 2- ceramic bushing, 3- sensing ceramic, 4- sheath (exhaust end), 5- wire connector, 6- disc spring, 7- sheath (air end), 8- shell (-) 9- electrode (-) 10- electrode (+) The installation position of the oxygen transmitter is shown in figure 2-222. The sensor ceramic body is fixed to the bracket and has a sheath and a wire joint. Figure 2-22 oxygen sensor installation position 8 、 Holzer sensor The Holzer sensor is installed in the distributor to detect the rotation and rotation speed of the engine crankshaft and to provide electrical signals for the ECU ignition time and injection timing.