2017年人教版八年级下册英语短语语法总结

Unit 1 What's the matter? 短语 lie down 躺下  see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor 看医生 get an X-ray 拍X片 take one's temperature 量体温 all weekend 整个周末 take breaks / take a break 休息 without thinking twice  没多想 get off  下车 take sb. to the hospital 带某人去医院 wait for 等待 to one's surprise 使...惊讶的；出乎....意料 thanks to 多亏，由于 in time  及时 on time  按时 think about 考虑 have a heart problem 有心脑病 right away 立即，马上 gen into  陷入；参与 do the right thing fall down 摔倒，跌倒 put ... on sth. 把....放在某物上 get hit 被打击 get sunburned 被晒伤 be interested in 对...感兴趣 take risks/take a risk 冒险 lose one's life 失去生命 save one's life 挽救某人的生命 beacause of  因为 by oneself 独自；单独 run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 cut off  切除 away from 离开，远离 make a decision/make decisions 做决定 be in cintrol of 掌管；管理 out of control 失去控制 go mountain climbing 去爬山 give up 放弃 give up doing 放弃做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 get into trouble 造成麻烦（烦恼） get out of  离开；从...出来 have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 seem to do sth. 好像做某事 keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境；造成麻烦 have troube (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难 询问某人患了体积疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时 What's the matter (with sb.) ? （某人）怎么了？ (必须有the) What's wrong (with sb.)? （某人）怎么了？ What's the trouble  (with sb.)/What's        one's trouble (某人)出什么事了？ What happened (to sb. )? (某人)发生什么事了？ Are you OK? 你没事吧？ Is there anything wrong  (with sb.)? (某人)有什么事吗？ have 的常见用法： （1） have 示“有”时，它强调所属关系，表示“某人拥有某物” He has a red bike (2)  have 后面跟表示食品、饮料的名词，意为“吃，喝” hanve an egg and some bread (3)  have 后跟一日三餐，它表示“吃（早饭、午饭、晚饭）”，这个短语的中间不用冠词 have lunch (4)  have 后面跟表示动作的名词，它没有固定的意义，与表示动作的动词同义 have a look  看一看  have a swim 游泳  have a rest 休息一下 （5） have 后面跟表示活动的名词，它表示“举办，举行” have a sportsmeeting 举办运动会 have an English class 上英语课 （6）have 还可以构成其他的一些固定短语 have a try 试一试 have a good time 玩得高兴 (7) have a +疾病名  患.....病 其中a 不能用the 代替，也不能去掉，但翻译时不用译出 have a cold    have a fever  have a cough have a +身体部位-ache  have a headache  have a toothache have a stomachache have a sore +身体部位  指身体某处疼痛 have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back  背痛 lie  lying（现在分词） (vi) 躺，平躺;位于 lie - lay - lain lie down (vi) 撒谎 说谎 lie - lied - lied lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 n. 可数名词 “谎言，假话” tell a lie/tell lies 说谎 lay (vt) 平放，下蛋  laying (现在分词) lay - laid-laid rest  v. n. 休息 have a rest =take a rest = rest thanks to  多亏，由于 （介词短语） 通常接名词 thanks for 因.....而感谢 接名词或V-ing （1）be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 ，to 是介词，后跟名词、代词或V-ing I am used to walking after dinner 我习惯于晚饭后散步 look forward to doing，  pay attention to doing中 to 是介词 （2）be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Wood can be used to make paper. 木材能够被用来做纸 （3）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（暗示现在已经不这样了） （1）run out “用完，耗尽”指某种资源被用完或耗尽  相当于不及物动词，主语一般是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的东西 All the money ran out (3) run out of “用完，耗尽”，相当于不及物动词，主语一是人，也可以是某种能消耗物品的机器等 I am used to walking after dinner. (1) so that 为了，以便 =in order that in order to do为了，以便,后接动词原形 (2) so ...that... 如此.....以至于...... ,后跟形容词或副词 主语+谓语+so + adj./adv. +that... (3) such...that... 如此.....以至于...... such(+a/an) +adj. n. +that... He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him importance n. 重要，重要性 -ance 名词后缀 important adj. unimportant adj.  不重要的 un 否定前缀 die v. 死，去世 dead adj. 死的，列亡的 death n. 死，死亡 without 介词 with（介词） 常见用法 （1）“具有，带有”，表示事物所具有的性质、特征 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 （2）“和...在一起” He is talking with a friend. (3) "使用" She cut the apple with a knife (4)"关于，对于" What's the matter with him ? (5) 表示行为方式 She likes to sleep with light on 她喜欢开着灯睡觉 24-year - old  “24岁的” 是一个复合形容词，复合形容词的特点：一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词须用单数形式 get on上车 get off  下车 后面跟较大的交通工具，如公共汽车、火车、轮船 get into 上车get out of下车  后面跟小汽车、出租车taxi 、电梯 happen "发生"，不能用于被动语态，且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 (1)sth.+happened+地点/时间 某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故 The story happened in 2008. (2) sth.happened to sb. 某人出了某事（常指不好的事） A car accident happened to her this moring. (3) "碰巧"，sb. happened to do sth. It happened that She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore. It happened that I had no money with me wait (vi) for sb./sth. wait for sb/sth. to do sth. 等待某人/某物做某事 （1）to one's surprise 使......惊讶的；出乎.....意料，放在句首，其后用逗号隔开 （2）in surprise "惊讶地；惊奇地",相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词，一般放在修饰的动词后面 He is looking at the strange animal in surprise.